Microbiology
Soheila Najafi; Morad Rahimi; Zahra Nikousefat
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 43-49
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a wide range of extra intestinal infections including urinary tract infection in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. They are classified into uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) with genetic similarities and variations. Their ...
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a wide range of extra intestinal infections including urinary tract infection in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. They are classified into uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) with genetic similarities and variations. Their pathogenicity is related to the virulence-encoding genes like sfa, papG II, ompT, iutA, and iss with zoonotic potentials. One hundred isolated E. coli from patients with urinary tract infection and 100 E. coli from chickens with colibacillosis were evaluated for the presence of the most common virulence-encoding genes including sfa, papG II, ompT, iutA, and iss by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. While the frequency of sfa, papG II, ompT, iutA and iss encoding genes in APEC isolates were respectively 0.00%, 67.00%, 63.00%, 89.00% and 89.00%, the frequency of these encoding genes in UPEC isolates were 18.00%, 40.00%, 40.00%, 74.00% and 48.00%, respectively. Except for sfa, the frequencies of other encoding genes in APEC were more than those in UPEC isolates. The iutA as the most common UPEC encoding gene and iss as the most common APEC encoding gene were the most prevalent virulence factors in the examined E. coli isolates. Finding out the distribution of virulence-associated genes could be helpful to identify similarities and differences between APEC and UPEC isolates in order to provide more substantial evidence of their common virulence traits and potential zoonotic threats.
Small Animal Surgery
Zahra Nikousefat; Mohammad Hashemnia; Moosa Javdani; Ali Ghashghaii
Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 199-203
Abstract
Feline lower urinary tract diseases are known to be life threatening conditions in cats, especially when they occur as obstructive diseases in males. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary, otherwise it may lead to death. A 3-year-old male Persian cat was referred to the clinic with a history of ...
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Feline lower urinary tract diseases are known to be life threatening conditions in cats, especially when they occur as obstructive diseases in males. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary, otherwise it may lead to death. A 3-year-old male Persian cat was referred to the clinic with a history of anuria, lethargy, loss of appetite and exploratory cystotomy 6 months ago due to urethral obstruction following urolithiasis. Urinary bladder was enlarged and painful on palpation and urine accumulation was observed in ultrasonography. Biochemical and hematological analyses revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia and increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit. Urine analysis showed a turbid appearance, protein 1+, blood 3+, pH reduction, increased WBCs and RBCs and presence of bacteria, calcium oxalate crystals and epithelial cells. Urine culture reveled Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Postoperatively, microscopic examinations of the urinary bladder biopsy showed pathological lesions of bacterial cystitis. Based on these findings, bacterial cystitis and urethral obstruction due to post-operative urinary tract infections were diagnosed. For treatment, electrolyte imbalances were corrected firstly, cystotomy was performed and a catheter was conducted into the urethra; then, urethra was flushed and obstruction was resolved. Ampicillin was effective in reducing the bacterial count in urine. Despite the fact that cystotomy is a common procedure in veterinary medicine, clinicians should be aware of its complications such as post-operative urinary tract infections.
