Fish & Aquatic
Mahmood Azimirad; Saeed Meshkini
Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 49-54
Abstract
In this study the optimal amount of enriching Artemia franciscana with a synbiotic combination of Pediococcus acidilactici and fructooligosaccharide (FOS( was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in ten treatments: multi-level probiotics P. acidilactici (1×109, ...
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In this study the optimal amount of enriching Artemia franciscana with a synbiotic combination of Pediococcus acidilactici and fructooligosaccharide (FOS( was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in ten treatments: multi-level probiotics P. acidilactici (1×109, 1×108 and 1× 107 CFU per L) and multi-level enriched prebiotic FOS (1, 2 and 5) g per L of solution and control. To evaluate the enrichment of adult artemia with each treatment, sampling was performed at 2, 4 and 6 hr after initiation of enrichment. The results showed that a synbiotic containing a probiotic treatments P. acidilactici at 1 × 109 and 1 × 108 CFU per L had more bacteria than a synbiotic containing a probiotic treatment with 1 × 107 CFU per L (p < 0.05), but did not show significant difference between levels of 1 × 109 and 1 × 108 CFU per L (p > 0.05). The highest number of attached bacteria (6.78 ± 0.03 log CFU g-1) to adult artemia was shown after 6 hr of enrichment that showed significant difference with 2 hr, but did not show significant difference with 4 hr time. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that adult artemia in a short time (about 4 hr) unlike nauplii artemia can retain a large amount of probiotic (1 × 108 CFU P. acidilactici per L and 5 g per L FOS prebiotic) on their own.
Clinical Pathology
Hadi Cheraghi; Zohreh Khaki; Hassan Malekinejad; Farhang Sasani
Volume 6, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 319-326
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a selective inhibitor of Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in immature ones are reported for MMF-induced compilations, which in the case of occurrence dose reduction is required. Thus, in the present study, the fructooligosaccharide ...
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Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a selective inhibitor of Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances in immature ones are reported for MMF-induced compilations, which in the case of occurrence dose reduction is required. Thus, in the present study, the fructooligosaccharide raftilose® (RFT) was co-administrated with MMF to estimate the protective effect of RFT against MMF-induced GI complications. Thirty six immature male Wistar rats were divided into six groups including: Control (normal saline), RFT-treated (100 mg kg-1), MMF-treated (20 mg kg-1), MMF + LRFT (50 mg kg-1), MMF + MRFT (100 mg kg-1) and MMF + HRFT (200 mg kg-1) groups. The hematocrit (Hct), lymphocyte/total WBC, feces water content and pH were analyzed. Moreover, the hepatic functional tests, kidney-related biomarkers, lipid and protein profiles, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were assessed. Co-administration of RFT stabilized the MMF-reduced body weight. The MMF significantly diminished Hct and lymph/total WBC (p < 0.05). Only MRFT enhanced the lymphocyte/total WBC. Increased water content, no changes in feces pH, increased serum ALT and AST, no alteration in urea and mild enhancement in creatinine were demonstrated in MMF-received animals. However, RFT at low dose ameliorated the feces parameters and reduced ALT. No significant changes were demonstrated for serum lipid and protein profiles in MMF- and RFT + MMF-treated groups. The RFT enhanced the serum TAC, reduced MDA and NO contents. In conclusion, our data suggested that RFT could be considered as an effective agent to subsidize the MMF-induced clinical, hematological and biochemical disorders.