Anesthesiology
Pegah Parhizkar; Rahim Mohammadi; Seyed Mohammad Hashami-Asl; Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin; Farshid Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2024, , Pages 21-26
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and cardiovascular effects of the combination of acepromazine-clonidine versus acepromazine-xylazine in horses. Four healthy cross-bred horses were included in the study. They were assigned to two treatments. In treatment I (T1), the animals received ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and cardiovascular effects of the combination of acepromazine-clonidine versus acepromazine-xylazine in horses. Four healthy cross-bred horses were included in the study. They were assigned to two treatments. In treatment I (T1), the animals received xylazine hydrochloride (1.00 mg kg-1) in combination with acepromazine maleate (0.05 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV). In treatment II (T2), the animals received intra-gastric administration of clonidine (0.002 mg kg-1) followed by acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1; IV) after 60 min. Head height above the ground (HHAG) and echocardiographic indices were evaluated. In T1, recordings were made 5 min before and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after drug administration. In T2, recordings were made 5 min before clonidine, 55 min after clonidine administration, and then 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after acepromazine injection. Analyses of the data showed there were not significant differences regarding HHAG and echo-cardiographic indices between two treatments. For sedation of healthy horses, it was concluded that intra-gastric administration of clonidine and IV administration of acepromazine showed similar sedative and cardiovascular effects compared to IV acepromazine-xylazine administration.
Mohammad Reza Esmaili Nejad; Majid Masoudifard; Omid Azari; Ehsanollah Sakhaee; Nima Ghalekhani
Volume 13, Issue 1 , March 2022, , Pages 39-46
Abstract
Echocardiography illustrates a convenient and noninvasive tool for measuring cardiac output (CO) changes after administration of sedative drugs, but it is unknown in camelids practice. The aim of present study was to investigate echocardiographic effects of intravenous (IV) injection of medetomidine ...
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Echocardiography illustrates a convenient and noninvasive tool for measuring cardiac output (CO) changes after administration of sedative drugs, but it is unknown in camelids practice. The aim of present study was to investigate echocardiographic effects of intravenous (IV) injection of medetomidine and xylazine in camel calves. Twenty apparently healthy immature male one-humped camel calves (Camelus dromedarious) were divided into four groups (five animals in each treatment). Medetomidine and xylazine were injected into the left jugular vein at two different doses of 10.00 and 20.00 μg kg-1 and 0.20 and 0.40 mg kg-1, respectively. Effects on some selected echocardiographic parameters were recorded at different intervals, before drug administrations (baseline) and after 3, 60 and 120 min. Data were analyzed by repeated measure, ANOVA test, then relevance and significance were taken as p ≤ 0.05. Significant decrease in fractional shortening percentage (FS%), ejection fraction percentage (EF%), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) and subsequent CO were noticeable 3 min after drug administration in medetomidine high dose (MH), medetomidine low dose (ML) and xylazine high dose (XH) groups (p ≤ 0.05), furthermore at this time significant decrease in left ventricular mass (LVmass) and left ventricular systolic time intervals were seen in these groups, however, in xylazine low dose (XL) group, the lowest level of most echocardiographic parameters were detectable after 60 min. High dose IV injection of medetomidine was associated with significant decrease in most echocardiographic parameters without echocardiographic arrhythmia. Although, ML and XH groups had the same effects on echocardiographic indices but the intensity and duration were less than MH group.
Safoura Ghadirian; Nasser Vesal
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 161-167
Abstract
This blinded, randomized experimental study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for brachial plexus block (BPB) in sheep. Nine healthy, fat-tailed female lambs (26.6 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly allocated into three groups: lidocaine ...
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This blinded, randomized experimental study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for brachial plexus block (BPB) in sheep. Nine healthy, fat-tailed female lambs (26.6 ± 1.5 kg) were randomly allocated into three groups: lidocaine 2%, 5 mg kg-1 (LID, n = 6), lidocaine (5 mg kg-1) with epinephrine 5 µg mL-1 (LIDEP, n = 6) or lidocaine (5 mg kg-1) with xylazine 0.05 mg kg-1 (LIDXY, n = 6). Each animal was tested twice. The sheep received a total volume of 0.25 mL kg-1 for BPB. A nerve stimulator was used to locate the nerves of the brachial plexus. Onset and duration of analgesia of the forelimb were evaluated using superficial and deep pin prick and pinching of skin with a hemostat clamp. Heart and respiratory rates, and rectal temperature were recorded before and at predetermined intervals following the completion of the block. Brachial administration of LID, LIDEP or LIDXY produced forelimb analgesia within 11.3, 11.0 and 7.0 minutes, respectively. The mean duration of analgesia was 100.0 min in LID and 133.2 min in LIDEP group. The mean duration of analgesia in LIDXY group (186.8 min) was significantly longer compared with LID group. In LIDEP group a significant increase in heart rate occurred 5 min after drug administration. Heart rate decreased from 35 to 80 minin sheep received LIDXY. In conclusion, the addition of xylazine to lidocaine solution for BBP provided a prolonged duration of action without any adverse effects in fat-tailed sheep.
Small Animal Surgery
Amin Bigham-Sadegh; Mohammad Shadkhast; Zahra Shafiei Shafiei; Bizhan Ziae
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2010, , Pages 21-25
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether anesthesia consisting of sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam and lumbosacral analgesia induced by epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine is satisfactory for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Six adult ...
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The aim of this study was to determine whether anesthesia consisting of sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam and lumbosacral analgesia induced by epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine is satisfactory for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Six adult (3 male and 3 female, 2.5 ± 0.5 years of age) cats (mean body weight ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.44 kg) were used in this study. Cats were sedated with xylazine (1-2 mg kg-1 IM) and diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1, IM) and 5 minutes later a 2% solution of lidocaine (0.5ml/4.5kg) and xylazine (1 mg kg-1) were administered into the lumbosacral epidural space. Open castration technique or ventral midline routine ovariohysterectomy were performed. Time to onset, duration and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded at time 0 (prior to epidural drugs administration) as a base line values and at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the epidural administration. Onset time of analgesia was 4.0 ± 0.63 min (Mean ± SEM) and duration of analgesia was 89.5 ± 3.0 min (Mean ± SEM). However, surgical procedures were completed within 25-37 min. There were significant decrease in heart rate and rectal temperature values and significant increase in respiratory rate (P < 0.001). Intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam for sedation and epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine for analgesia provided satisfactory analgesia for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Utilizing epidural anesthetic technique with this combination is most useful for spaying surgery, especially when the surgical procedure can be completed in < 40 minutes.
