Dalia Elsayed Abdelaziz Gobarah; Salwa Mahmoud Helmy; Nadia Bassiony Mahfouz; Hanan Ali Fahmy; Mayada Abd El Hamied Muhammed Abou Zeid
Volume 13, Issue 3 , September 2022, , Pages 315-321
Abstract
Vibrio species are significant pathogens affecting aquatic species. Around 12 species of Vibrio can cause a gastrointestinal illness (gastroenteritis) in humans resulting from eating contaminated food such as raw or undercooked shellfish. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics accelerates the development ...
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Vibrio species are significant pathogens affecting aquatic species. Around 12 species of Vibrio can cause a gastrointestinal illness (gastroenteritis) in humans resulting from eating contaminated food such as raw or undercooked shellfish. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics accelerates the development of resistance representing a severe challenge for controlling Vibrio outbreaks. In this study, the antibiotic resistance profile and the prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species of apparently healthy and diseased fishes isolated from different types of fish in Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt during 2018 were determined. Samples obtained from fishes were inoculated onto a Vibrio-selective medium (TCBS) and phenotypically identified using the biochemical characteristics and representative cultures were checked by PCR to confirm the identified isolates. In the present study, V. alginolyticus (16.00%) was the predominant species followed by V. cholerae (7.33%) and V. parahaemolyticus (5.33%). The tested isolates were resistant to ampicillin (80.00%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (100%). A total number of 15 Vibrio isolates (5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 5 V. alginolyticus, and 5 V. cholerae) were screened for five housekeeping genes and pathogenic virulence markers by PCR. Results showed that 100% of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the tlh gene and 60.00% carried the tdh gene. In V. alginolyticus, 100% of the isolates carried the collagenase gene 0.00% carry the tdh gene; and 80.00% of V. cholerae isolates carried the ctx gene. The results showed that many isolates in this study had virulence characteristics that might correspond with the potential of infections and diseases.
Fish & Aquatic
Abdolhossein Jangaran Nejad; Rahim Peyghan; Hossein Najafzadeh Varzi; Ali Shahriyari
Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 327-331
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol after a single dose of intravenous (5.00 mg kg-1 body weight) and oral (40.00 mg kg-1 body weight) administrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The residue depletion of florfenicol was also investigated after oral administration ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol after a single dose of intravenous (5.00 mg kg-1 body weight) and oral (40.00 mg kg-1 body weight) administrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The residue depletion of florfenicol was also investigated after oral administration (10.00 mg kg-1 body weight) and bath treatment (5.00 mg L-1) for 10 consecutive days. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in plasma after a single dose administration, at 10 time points (0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 72, 120 and 168 hr) and florfenicol concentrations in tissues (plasma, liver and muscle) at three time points (1, 7 and 14 days) after 10 consecutive days, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The peak concentration of florfenicol was 137.02 ng mL-1 and the time to reach peak concentration in plasma was two hr. The elimination half-lives, the volume of distribution at steady state and total body clearance were estimated as 21.40 hr, 0.30 and 0.03 L hr-1, respectively. After drug administration for 10 days, it's concentration in plasma and muscle in oral treatment was significantly more than bath treatment in all days. Drug concentrations in the liver after bath treatment were significantly higher for a shorter period than the concentration in the oral treatment, indicating that higher levels of florfenicol for a longer period can be achieved in the tissues after oral drug administration. According to pharmacokinetic results, florfenicol may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of common bacterial infections in common carp farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol after a single dose of intravenous (5.00 mg kg-1 body weight) and oral (40.00 mg kg-1 body weight) administrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The residue depletion of florfenicol was also investigated after oral administration (10.00 mg kg-1 body weight) and bath treatment (5.00 mg L-1) for 10 consecutive days. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in plasma after a single dose administration, at 10 time points (0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 72, 120 and 168 hr) and florfenicol concentrations in tissues (plasma, liver and muscle) at three time points (1, 7 and 14 days) after 10 consecutive days, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The peak concentration of florfenicol was 137.02 ng mL-1 and the time to reach peak concentration in plasma was two hr. The elimination half-lives, the volume of distribution at steady state and total body clearance were estimated as 21.40 hr, 0.30 and 0.03 L hr-1, respectively. After drug administration for 10 days, it's concentration in plasma and muscle in oral treatment was significantly more than bath treatment in all days. Drug concentrations in the liver after bath treatment were significantly higher for a shorter period than the concentration in the oral treatment, indicating that higher levels of florfenicol for a longer period can be achieved in the tissues after oral drug administration. According to pharmacokinetic results, florfenicol may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of common bacterial infections in common carp farming.
Maryam Ansari-Lari; Shahram Shekarforoush; Samira Mehrshad; Hosna Safari
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 65-68
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are important food borne pathogens worldwide that frequently infect poultry flocks. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Shiraz (southern Iran) and to find the possible association of infection status ...
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Salmonella spp. are important food borne pathogens worldwide that frequently infect poultry flocks. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. colonization in broiler flocks in Shiraz (southern Iran) and to find the possible association of infection status with some potential risk factors including vaccination program and use of antibiotics. During October 2009 to April 2010, a total of 40 broiler flocks were selected in slaughterhouse and 20 cloacae contents were collected from each flock. Every five cloacae contents were pooled and investigated for Salmonella spp. using appropriate culture methods. The flock was considered positive if any of the pooled samples turned positive in culture. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Nine out of 40 flocks (22.50%, 95% CI: 9-36) were positive for Salmonella spp. colonization. Nearly 75.00% of flock owners reported that they used antibiotics during production period, more frequently fluoroquinolones, combination of trimethoprim-sulfonamides (TMP/SU) and tetracycline. Nearly 60.00% of the flocks which had used TMP/SU were positive for Salmonella spp. compared with 10.00% of the flocks which did not use this antibiotic (p = 0.006). Increasing flock age was associated with a decreased chance of Salmonella spp. detection (p = 0.003). In flocks which received infectious bronchitis vaccine, 36.00% were positive for Salmonella spp. whereas this was 15.00% for flocks which did not receive this vaccine (p = 0.08). Careful monitoring of antibiotics use and further studies to determine the most appropriate vaccination program in the field is recommended.
Reza Sayrafi; Rasoul Shahrooz; Farhad Soltanalinejad; Shaban Rahimi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 45-51
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of prebiotic as alternative feed additive to an antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin methylene disalicyate) on the growth performance and morphometrical parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. One hundred and forty four day old broiler ...
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This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of prebiotic as alternative feed additive to an antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin methylene disalicyate) on the growth performance and morphometrical parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. One hundred and forty four day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 6 wk and each treatment contained four replicates (12 birds each). Dietary treatments were as follow: 1- Control (basal diet), 2- basal diet + antibiotic growth promoter and 3- basal diet + prebiotic. During the feeding experimental period, body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment, small intestine segments were sampled and routine histological laboratory methods containing fixation, dehydration, clearing and paraffin embedding were used. Sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy evaluation and the height and width of villi and depth of crypts were measured. The results showed that body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments. Prebiotic and antibiotic had significant (P < 0.05) effect on improvement of feed intake in 22 - 42 days and total period compared with the control. The addition of prebiotic or antibiotic increased the villus height in duodenum (P < 0.05) and prebiotic increased villus width of duodenum and ileum compared with other treatments. The duodenal crypt depth was increased by antibiotic compared with the prebiotic and control group. In conclusion, prebiotic can be used as a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoter.
