@article { author = {Dedousi, Anna and Đukić Stojčić, Mirjana and Sossidou, Evangelia}, title = {Effects of housing systems on keel bone damage and egg quality of laying ‎‎hens}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {299-304}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2019.99568.2375}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate whether keel bone damage is prevalent in laying hens in Greece. The study was conducted in three industrial farms using different housing systems: (a) enriched cages, (b) floor system, and (c) free-range system. One hundred hens per housing system, randomly selected, were evaluated for keel bone damages with the method of palpation. Complementarily, thirty eggs from each farm were selected for the measurement of egg weight, shape index, shell cleanness, shell color, shell breaking force, shell thickness, shell weight, egg yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit. The presence of keel bone damage was evident in all housing systems with the significantly highest occurrence being observed in the free-range system (50.00%), followed by enriched cages (24.00%) and floor system (7.00%). Eggs from all three systems had significant differences in all estimated egg quality parameters apart from shell color and Haugh unit.}, keywords = {Egg traits,‎ Keel,‎ Poultry,‎ Production system,‎ Welfare}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45644.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45644_fc4b97ff39f6c559d7da0db0c88b0b3b.pdf} } @article { author = {Ozel, Sule and Suntar, Ipek and Ercan Gokay, Nilufer and Taskin Turkmenoglu, Tugba and Demirel, Murside}, title = {The effectiveness of Teucrium chamaedrys L. extracts on endometriotic ‎implant regression in rat endometriosis model}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {305-309}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2019.105229.2500}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae) in the experimentally induced endometriosis in rats. Endometrial tissue was implanted into the abdominal wall of thirty Sprague Dawley rats; the rats with endometriosis were randomized into five groups and treatment procedure was performed for three weeks. The treatment groups were orally treated with three different extracts of Teucrium chamaedrys. Buserelin acetate (20.00 mg) was given as a reference drug. Vehicle was administered alone to the control group. All rats were sacrified at the end of the experiment. The endometriotic implants were measured, intra-abdominal adhesions were scored and the tissue samples were histopathologically investigated. After the treatment procedure, the volumes of endometrial implant and adhesions were detected to be significantly decreased in the T. chamaedrys extracts treated groups compared to the control group. Therapeutic effect of the T. chamaedrys extracts could be attributed to the both nonpolar and polar secondary metabolites. The study conceived that the different polarity extracts of T. chamaedrys could be beneficial in the treatment of endometriosis.}, keywords = {‎ Endometriosis,‎ Lamiaceae,‎ Rat,‎ Teucrium chamaedrys}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45645.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45645_c0cfc04ac31da2e5c4958ee31de2d57f.pdf} } @article { author = {Alimirzaei, Masoud and Alijoo, Younes Ali and Dehghan Banadaky, Mehdi and Eslamizad, Mehdi}, title = {Effects of intensified or conventional milk feeding on pre-weaning health ‎and feeding behavior of Holstein female calves around weaning}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {311-318}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.88679.2149}, abstract = {Health, inflammatory, and stress indices as well as feeding behavior around weaning were measured for Holstein female calves fed intensified milk or conventionally during the pre-weaning period. Calves (n ꞊ 48) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental treatments including a conventional (CF) or an intensified feeding (IF) groups. In CF group, calves (n ꞊ 24) received 0.52 kg of dry matter (DM) per day from pasteurized whole milk (23.00% crude protein (CP) and 27.00% fat) until day 50 of age. In IF group, calves (n= 24) fed 0.97 kg of DM per day on average for the first three weeks, and then, milk allowance decreased gradually to reach 0.52 kg DM per day and continued until day 50. All calves were gradually weaned from day 51 to 56. Blood samples were taken on days 14, 28, and 57 at 06:30 AM for serum amyloid A (SAA), cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and iron analyses. Conventionally fed calves had more days with fever during the pre-weaning period. Blood SAA and cortisol levels were higher in CF calves on day 14. However, SAA levels were higher for IF calves on day 57. Intensified milk-fed calves spent more time for standing than CF calves. A trend to be significant was observed for non-nutritive oral behavior in IF calves. In summary, dairy calf health can be improved by intensified milk feeding during the pre-weaning period; however, this method has the potential to reduce calves welfare around weaning transition.}, keywords = {Animal welfare,‎ Feeding behavior,‎ Female calf ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45623.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45623_9268730befde92caaa742f97292d3762.pdf} } @article { author = {Abouhamzeh, Beheshteh and Youssefi, Reza and Akbarinejad, Vahid and Mirsadeghi, Ehsan}, title = {Evaluation of the effects of feeding male mice with palm, fish and sunflower oil on sperm characteristics and sex ratio of offspring}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {319-323}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.92060.2227}, abstract = {Several studies have indicated that feeding female animal with fatty acids could result in alteration of offspring sex ratio; however, there is little information available regarding the effect of feeding male animal with fatty acids on sex ratio of offspring. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of paternal feeding with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sperm characteristics and sex ratio of offspring in mice. Male mice received 2.50% of palm oil (control), fish oil (n-3 PUFAs) or sunflower oil (n-6 PUFAs) for two months. Sperm kinematics and viability were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analyzer and eosin-Y staining, respectively. Additionally, female mice were randomly introduced to males of three experimental groups to determine reproductive parameters including litter size, conception rate and sex ratio. Fish oil enhanced sperm concentration, motility and viability, whereas sunflower oil decreased sperm concentration. Nevertheless, progressive motility, velocity, linearity and straightness of sperms were not affected by source of fatty acids. Although supplementation with fish oil resulted in male-biased sex ratio, palm and sunflower oils did not impact sex ratio. Besides, source of fatty acids failed to influence conception rate and litter size. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence for the impact of paternal fish oil consumption on sex ratio of offspring for the first time. Moreover, it showed beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs and adverse effects of n-6 PUFAs on seminal parameters.}, keywords = {male mice nutrition,‎ Polyunsaturated fatty acids,‎ Sex ratio,‎ Sperm characteristics ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45839.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45839_11784f35da2b0edf48cb0619c629a931.pdf} } @article { author = {Shiry‎, Nima and Alavinia, Seyed Jalil and Gholamhosseini, Amin and Mirvaghefi, Alireza}, title = {A bioassay on tissue cholinesterase activity of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, ‎‎1901) exposed to some common pesticides in Iran}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {325-331}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.90805.2201}, abstract = {The toxicological effects of three commonly used pesticides in Iran on the fries of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum, Kamensky, 1901) were investigated through determining 50% lethal concentration (LC50) 96‑hr and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition. The LC50 96-hr of carbaryl, glyphosate, and malathion were equal to 11.69, 6.64, and 0.97 mg L-1, respectively, that were considered as harmful (10.00-100 mg L-1), toxic (1.00-10.00 mg L-1) and very toxic (-1) compounds for this species. The exposure of fries to sub-lethal concentrations of the pesticides over 15 days indicated that the average of ChE activity in the head and trunk were 1086.89 ± 124.34 and 627.36 ± 99.60 mU min-1 per mg protein, respectively, with a significant difference relative to each other. There was a significant difference between fry exposed to all three pesticides and the control group in cholinesterase inhibition. The fries exposed to carbaryl (890.12 ± 28.08 mU min-1 per mg protein) and glyphosate (891.77 ± 31.61 mU min-1 per mg protein) showed lower ChE inhibition than those exposed to malathion (790.00 ± 58.14 mU min-1 per mg protein).}, keywords = {Carbaryl,‎ ChE activity,‎ Glyphosate,‎ Malathion,‎ Rutilus kutum}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45634.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45634_f2fe34320353cc06c3d05f76684eba35.pdf} } @article { author = {Ekhtelat, Maryam and Khalili Borujeni, Farzaneh and Siahpoosh, Amir and Ameri, Abdolghani}, title = {Chemical composition and antibacterial effects of some essential oils ‎individually and in combination with sodium benzoate against methicillin-‎resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {333-338}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.93152.2248}, abstract = {Side effects of chemical preservatives and drug resistance have raised interest in use of herbal products. This study aimed to examine the chemical composition and antibacterial effects ofCuminum cyminum, Mentha spicata, and Mentha longifolia essential oils individually and in combination with sodium benzoate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for in vitro antimicrobial screening. The main components were cumin aldehyde, carvone, and pulegone in C. cyminum, M. spicata, and M. longifolia essential oils, respectively. Antibacterial data analysis showed significant differences between different antibacterial effects of essential oils individually and in combination withsodium benzoate. In terms of individual effects, antibacterial effect of M. longifolia and C. cyminum essential oilswere the highest against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Y. enterocolitica, respectively. The antibacterial effects of sodium benzoate combined with essential oils showed significant differences with the individual effect of sodium benzoate in most cases. The results indicated that the combined effect of these essential oils with sodium benzoate could reduce the use of sodium benzoate as an antimicrobial agent, which could decrease its possible side effects. Thus, for more significant effects, these essential oils could be combined with other agents for the preservation of drug and food products.}, keywords = {Antibacterial effect,‎ Essential oil,‎ Methicillin-resistant S. aureus,‎ Sodium benzoate,‎ Yersinia enterocolitica}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45642.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45642_d1d77999d8d167c434b53a10687dd76d.pdf} } @article { author = {Torabian Kakhki, Maryam and Sedaghat, Naser and Mohsenzadeh, Mohammad}, title = {Chemical composition, antioxidative‎, antibacterial‎‎, and time-kill activities of ‎some selected plant essential oils against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage ‎organisms}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {339-346}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.91902.2223}, abstract = {Essential oils (EOs) have been utilized as a growth inhibitor of microorganisms. This study was aimed to recognize the composition, antioxidative‎, antibacterial‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎, and time-kill activities of Origanum vulgare, Zataria multiflora, Syzygium aromaticum; and Cinnamomum verum EOs against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of EOs. Disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-kill methods were used to determine the antibacterial ‎‎activity of EOs. The antioxidative ‎ activity of EOs were determined by 2, 20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidative ‎ power methods. All EOs exhibited antibacterial ‎‎activity, however, Z. multiflora EO was the most effective followed by O. vulgare EO. The lowest antibacterial‎‎‎‎‎ activity was observed in C. verum EO. The most sensitive among tested bacteria to Z. multiflora and O. vulgare EOs was E. coli O157:H7 and to S. aromaticum; and C. verum EOs were S. putrefaciens and P. fluorescens, respectively. Z. multiflora and O. vulgare EOs were able to kill 85.00% and 80.00% of the E. coli O157: H7 and S. putrefaciens cells in 4 hr, respectively. The highest antioxidative ‎activity was observed in Z. multiflora EO. The tested EOs showed the highest antioxidative ‎activity at a concentration of 2.00 g L-1. Ferric reducing antioxidant power value of Z. multiflora, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum and C. verum was 2.01 ± 0.03, 1.47 ± 0.04, 1.01 ± 0.03, and 0.66 ± 0.34, respectively. High concentrations of tested EOs showed a decrease in antioxidative ‎ activity.}, keywords = {Antibacterial‎‎ activity,‎ Antioxidative ‎ assay,‎ Essential oil,‎ Minimum bactericidal concentration,‎ Minimum inhibitory concentration}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45628.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45628_31423b80d0fbbbb3282a8c697ff2e9da.pdf} } @article { author = {Sohrabi, Aria and Tehrani, Ali-Asghar and Asri-Rezaei, Siamak and Zeinali, Ahad and Norouzi, Mehdi}, title = {Histopathological assessment of protective effects of selenium nanoparticles ‎on rat hepatocytes exposed to Gamma radiation}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {347-353}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.93499.2260}, abstract = {Gamma radiation are used in many medical and technical applications, however, it is one of the most dangerous kinds of radiation and can be harmful to the body. The present study was designed to clarify the protective effects of the selenium supplementation as selenium nanoparticle and selenite selenium in rat liver against Gamma irradiation with different intensities of 2.00 and 8.00 Gy. A total number of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups of five each. The radiation procedure was carried out in the Cobalt 60 equipment in Omid hospital, Urmia. The animals were simultaneously immobilized in a transparent acrylic plate and exposed to different intensities of 2.00 and 8.00 Gy radiations on day 7th and 14th of the experiment. After 72 hr after the last radiation, the animals were euthanized, and blood and liver tissue were collected. Histological analyses revealed the radiation-induced hepatic injury in rats, which included vacuolated cytoplasm, liver necrosis, fibrosis, and vascular lesions followed by a significant increase in alanine transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Gamma-glutamyl transferase. Selenium nanoparticles bear a more potent antioxidant effect in comparison with selenium selenite and can effectively protect the liver cell against Gamma radiation at a dose of 8.00 Gy.}, keywords = {Gamma radiation,Hepatocyte,Selenium Nanoparticles,Selenite selenium ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45636.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45636_15fe20cc995dd11ff0e05664682e27bf.pdf} } @article { author = {Nikahval, Behrouz and Oryan, Ahmad and Memarian, Parastoo and Kamali, Amir}, title = {Use of ovine acellular peritoneal matrix combined with honey and ovine fetal ‎skin extract in the healing of full-thickness infected burn wounds in a rat ‎model}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {355-363}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.92422.2235}, abstract = {Treatment of infected burn wounds remains a challenge in burn units. Silver-sulfadiazine (SSD) is the most commonly used topical antimicrobial agent in managing these wounds. We aimed to accelerate the healing of burn wounds by combined application of ovine acellular peritoneal matrix (OAPM), honey (H), and ovine fetal skin extract (OFSE). Sixty-four standardized burn wounds were created on the dorsum of 16 rats and were subsequently inoculated with Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After 48 hr, the wounds were surgically debrided and received either physiologic saline (control group) or SSD, OAPM+SSD, OAPM+H+SSD, OAPM+H+OFSE+SSD. The healing wounds were evaluated for size, bacterial counts, histopathology, and biomechanical properties on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. All treatments had effectively reduced the level of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on wounds compared to the control group by day 3 and 7. The wounds treated with combined application of OAPM+H+OFSE+SSD demonstrated considerable inflammation reduction, fibroplasia, complete re-epithelialization, and wound contraction together with significantly lesser scar tissue formation. Treatment with OAPM+H+OFSE+SSD showed superior biomechanical properties of the healing wounds. The findings suggested that the synergistic effect of dressing the wounds with OAPM, H, and OFSE was a very effective approach in accelerating the healing process of the experimentally induced infected full-thickness burn wounds in rats.}, keywords = {Acellular matrix,‎ Burn wounds,‎ Fetal skin extract,‎ Honey,‎ Wound healing}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45632.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45632_168f0487ba6bc04807b92f1ecf7106c1.pdf} } @article { author = {Salarpour, Arezoo and Toroghi, Reza and Nikbakht Brujeni, Gholamreza and Momayez, Reza}, title = {In silico prediction of linear B-cell epitopes for S1 protein of two Iranian ‎‎793/B isolates and their changes after 90 serial passaging‎}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {365-370}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.92973.2243}, abstract = {Neutralizing, serotype-specific, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are induced by epitopes in the S1 protein. Most changes in the virus genome due to mutation and recombination during serial passaging in embryonated chicken eggs occur in the S1 gene. In the current study, we tried to predict the potential linear B-cell epitopes of the S1 subunit of two Iranian 793/B isolates and then we analyzed their changes at passage level 90 due to mutations at this passage level. To predict linear B-cell epitopes of the S1 protein belonging to two Iranian 793/B isolates, we used two online epitope prediction programs called BepiPred and ABCpred. Some of the most important features of proteins including antigenicity, physicochemical properties, and secondary structure composition were analyzed. The predicted epitopes were studied between wild viruses and their passage level 90 viruses. We identified 15 potential linear B-cell epitopes among which six epitopes had the highest scores of physicochemical properties and antigenicity. Due to amino acid substitutions, seven predicted epitopes had different amino acid sequences at passage level 90. Among eight epitopes with no amino acid substitution at passage level 90, three epitopes had the highest scores. These three conserved epitopes including NH2-NQLGSCPLTGMI-COOH,NH2-GNFSDGFYPFTNSSLVKD-COOH,andNH2-GPIQGGC-COOHmight be strategic and potential candidates for use in designing epitope-based vaccine researches. In conclusion, based on scores of physicochemical properties and antigenicity, it seemed that the sequence of most epitopes in wild viruses might be more antigenic and immunogenic compared to their sequence in viruses of passage 90.}, keywords = {Antigenicity,‎ Infectious bronchitis virus,‎ Linear B-cell epitopes,‎ Physicochemical properties,‎ Secondary structure composition ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45640.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45640_f6c8f58924e2100c954be4df7af97e93.pdf} } @article { author = {Faraji, Mohammad Ali and Hassanpour, Hossein and Bahadoran, Shahab and Kaewduangta, Waranyoo and Zarei, Hamed and Hosseininejad, Morteza and Karimi Shayan, Tahere}, title = {Effect of Shirazi thyme on oxidant status and absorptive surface area of the intestine in cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive broiler chickens}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {371-376}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.90722.2195}, abstract = {The effect of Shirazi thyme as a medicinal plant on oxidant status (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity) and absorptive surface area were measured in three segments of small intestine in cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Birds were reared at 4 groups (thyme 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % of diet) for 42 days. To induce pulmonary hypertension, the temperature was gradually decreased. The body weight was increased in thyme-0.25% birds in compared to control ones while it was decreased in thyme-1% birds. The feed consumption was only increased in thyme-1% birds. The feed conversion ratio was lower in thyme-0.25% birds and higher in thyme-1% birds than control ones. The duodenal and jejunal villus surface area was lower in thyme-1% birds than control ones while it was greater in the thyme-0.5% birds. The ileal villus surface area and duodenal laminae properia thickness was also greater in thyme-0.5% birds. Lipid peroxidation was only decreased in the duodenum and ileum of thyme-0.5% birds compared to control ones, whereas it was increased in the duodenum and jejunum of thyme-1% birds. Catalase activity was only elevated in the duodenum and jejunum of thyme-1% fed chickens. Total antioxidant capacity was increased in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of thyme-0.5% birds. It is concluded that Shirazi thyme has beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal absorptive surface area / secretory system and pulmonary hypertension response at low doses (0.25 and 0.5% fed) whereas high dose of this plant may be toxic (1% fed).}, keywords = {Broiler chicken,Oxidant status,Pulmonary hypertension,Shirazi thyme}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_40409.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_40409_8cce77e5d2440ee155167ad9128959cd.pdf} } @article { author = {Malekzadeh Kebria, Maziar and Salehnia, Mojdeh and Zavareh, Saeed and Moazzeni, Seyyed Saeed}, title = {The effect of sodium selenite on apoptotic gene expression and development ‎of in vitro cultured mouse oocytes in comparison with in vivo obtained ‎oocytes}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {377-383}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.93471.2255}, abstract = {In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is widely used in assisted reproduction technologies. The present study aimed to improve the in vitro oocyte maturation and its development through enriching the culture media with sodium selenite (SS). Moreover, the effects of SS on the expression of the oocytes apoptosis-related genes were assessed. In this study, male and female NMRI mice were used and after collecting their germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, they were cultured with SS (experimental group) and without SS (control group). Collected metaphase II oocytes (MII) from the fallopian tube were considered as in vivo group.After in vitro culture, the oocytes were assessed in terms of nuclear maturation. The MII oocytes were inseminated and the development was examined until the blastocyst stage. Also, oocytes were subjected to the molecular analysis for evaluating the expression of BAX, BCL2, P53, and BAD genes using the real-time RT-PCR. The maturation rate was significantly increased in the SS supplemented group compared to the control one. The developmental rate of the embryos was significantly higher for both of the in vivo and SS supplemented groups rather than the control one, however, no significant difference was seen between these rates of the experimental and in vivo groups. Real-time RT-PCR did not show any significant differences in the expression of the apoptosis-related genes for all of the studied groups. The p53 gene was not expressed in any of groups. Sodium selenite improved the oocyte developmental competence but did not change the expression of the apoptosis-related genes in MII oocytes.}, keywords = {apoptosis genes,‎ Germinal vesicle oocytes,‎ In vitro maturation,‎ Sodium selenite ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45633.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45633_546dfc54f6ea569a63c0edc12e75ae52.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghaderzadeh, Shirzad and Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh, Farzad and Nikbin, Saeid and Navidshad, Bahman}, title = {Stimulatory effects of nano-selenium and conjugated linoleic acid ‎ on antioxidant activity, trace minerals, and gene expression response of growing male Moghani lambs}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {385-391}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.93751.2264}, abstract = {Sheep keepers need suitable strategies to improve animal immunity and the quality of their products. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-selenium (nano-Se) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on an antioxidant statue, trace minerals, and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and selenoprotein W1 (SEPW1) genes in the liver and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and stearoyl COA desaturase 1 (SCD1) genes in fat- tail of male Moghani lambs. Thirty male Moghani lambs, three months old and average weight 30.00 ± 0.25 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with dietary supplementation of nano-Se (0, 1.00 and 2.00 mg kg-1 dry matter) and CLA (0 and 15.00 g kg-1 dry matter). The lambs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment, on day 90 of the experiment. Results showed that dietary inclusion of nano-Se significantly improved antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in blood, however, did not show any differences in trace mineral treatments. The analysis of qPCR showed that nano-Se inclusion at the highest level (2.00 g kg-1 dry matter) enhanced gene expression of GPX1 (0.64 vs 0.34) and SEPW1 1 (0.72 vs 0.35) in the liver. Dietary inclusion of CLA increased the expression of PPARγ (0.63 vs 0.38) and decreased SCD1 (0.63 vs 0.33) genes in fat- tail. It could be concluded that selenium inclusion in the growing lamb’s diet could improve antioxidant status, however, no synergistic interaction was observed along with CLA on the mentioned parameters.}, keywords = {Antioxidant enzymes,‎ Diet supplementation,‎ Gene expression,‎ Glutathione peroxidase,‎ Selenium}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45643.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45643_74bfbdf70f4c8e1f201ba1a79c6d8c63.pdf} } @article { author = {Pormohammad, Asad and Mohammadabadi, Tahereh and Chaji, Morteza and Mirzadeh, Khalil and Ghafle Marammazi, Jasem}, title = {The effect of biofloc produced from a fish farming system on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, and blood parameters of Najdi goats}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {393-399}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.88965.2153}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc produced from a fish pond on digestibility, rumen fermentation, rumination activity, and blood parameters of Najdi goats. At the first, 200 common carp fish (1.00 g) in two water tanks were used for producing biofloc. Then, 12 goats (average body weight of 32.00 ± 1.50 kg aging eight months) were assigned through a completely randomized design to two treatments (six replicates) and fed for one month. The treatments were comprised of a control diet and a trial diet containing 1.50% biofloc. At the end of the experiment, digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and rumination activity were measured. The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) significantly increased in goats fed with 1.50% biofloc. Also, the rumen protozoa population, plasma glucose, average time of eating, rumination, and chewing per NDF and ADF intakes, total rumination time, and chewing activity were significantly increased. There was no significant difference between treatments for DM intake, ruminal ammonia nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and triglyceride. The pH of rumen fluid significantly decreased in treatment containing biofloc. The results of the current study confessed that the use of biofloc (1.50% DM) as a supplement in Najdi goat’s diet can improve the digestibility of the diet. It is recommended further and detailed trials with different levels of biofloc in sheep or different livestock species to know more about this untapped supplement source.}, keywords = {Biofloc,‎ Blood parameters,‎ Digestibility,‎ Najdi goat,‎ Protozoa}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45625.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45625_7e3ac0b82b3c3779f8d2a8d2ba6c0f40.pdf} } @article { author = {Keramati Khiarak, Bahman and Karimipour, Mojtaba and Ahmadi, Abbas and Farjah, Gholam Hossein}, title = {Effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide particles on sperm ‎parameters and in vitro fertilization potential in mice: A comparison ‎between nano- and fine-sized particles}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {401-408}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.89501.2163}, abstract = {Titanium dioxide particles (TiO2) as the second most widely used materials in consumer products are composed of nano-sized (100 nm) particles (FPs). Toxicological studies on animals have shown that TiO2 NPs exposure can cross the blood-testis barrier and accumulate in the testis resulting in testicular tissue damage and reduction of sperm count and motility. However, there is no information on the toxic effects of TiO2 FPs on male reproductive fertility. Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into three groups including control, TiO2 NPs, and TiO2 FPs (150 mg kg-1 per day). After intragastric administration for 35 days, testicular tissue alterations (seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial height), sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, morphology, and DNA quality), in vitro fertilization potential, oxidative stress assays such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, level of glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in testicular tissue were investigated. The results showed that both sizes of TiO2 caused pathologic changes in the testis and significantly increased MDA level and decreased GSH levels and activities of SOD and GPx in testicular tissue. Moreover, the administration of both sizes of TiO2 significantly decreased all of the sperm parameters and in vitro fertility (fertilization rate and pre-implantation embryos development) compared to control. Administration of TiO2 FPs similar to TiO2 NPs through inducing damages to testis led to a marked reduction in sperm quality, in vitro fertilization, and embryos development in male mice.}, keywords = {Fine-sized particles,‎In vitro fertilization,‎ Nano-sized particles,‎ Sperm,‎ Titanium dioxide}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45626.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45626_3aecb1227b7c18efe868549bdf0cd255.pdf} } @article { author = {Salemi, Zahra and Rezaie, Annahita and Goorani Nejad, Saad and Mohammadian, Babak}, title = {Histopathological and cytological analyses of endometrium in water ‎buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) to detect estrus and endometritis}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {409-414}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2019.92037.2226}, abstract = {This study aimed to determine cytological, histopathological and cytomorphometrical characteristics of endometrium in healthy and endometritic uterus in the water buffalo. Fifty eight non-pregnant reproductive systems were collected from slaughterhouse. Efficiency of three methods of sampling including cotton swab, smear, and aspiration were compared for cytologic study. Concurrent histopathologic examination revealed endometritis in 38 uteri including 8 (21.00%) with mild endometritis, 7 (18.42%) with moderate endometritis, 6 (15.90%) with severe endometritis and 17 (44.73%) with chronic endometritis. Cytomorphometrical results showed significant relationship between diameter and area of epithelial nuclei with phases of estrus cycle. Neutrophil and lymphocytes densities in swab and aspiration samples were significantly higher in severe endometritis than normal and chronic endometritis samples. Similarly, lymphocytes density in smear and aspiration methods was significant between normal and moderates, and also severe and chronic endometritis. Cytomorphometric analysis of epithelial nuclei characteristics (diameter and area) in buffalo were performed for the first time and it could be valuable to identify estrus cycle in this species. Aspiration had the most efficiency to identify endometritis in comparison with other methods.}, keywords = {Bubalus bubalis,‎ Cytology,‎ Cytomorphometry,‎ Endometritis,‎ Histopathology}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45629.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45629_6d067e7e226b71df9fc6dc83c8758d5f.pdf} } @article { author = {Musaddiq, Sara and Shahzad, Mirza and Firdous, Farzana and Iqbal, Atia and Tanveer, Mehwish and Ashraf, Abida and Aslam, Samina and Khakwani, Samia}, title = {Thiazolidines: Potential anti-viral agents against avian influenza and ‎infectious bronchitis viruses}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {415-421}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2018.91264.2211}, abstract = {Viral outbreaks are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in livestock and human populations. Lack of good vaccines and poor control measures along with natural viral genetic drifting and shifting are the common causes of new viral strains and outbreaks. The current study reports the synthesis of some 2-aryl substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids 1a-h and their 3-acetyl 2a and 3-benzoyl derivatives 3a. Two important poultry viruses: Avian influenza virus (AIV; A/Chicken/Italy/1994/H9N2) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were selected, grown in ‎9-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs‎, and subjected to in ovo anti-viral assays. Most of the synthesized compounds were found active against AIV subtype H9N2 and IBV. In the case of AIV, the best results were attained for compound 1d which showed an IC50 value of 3.47 µM, while IBV 1c showed IC50 valueof4.10 µM. The lower IC50 values of these compounds correlate with the high potency of these compounds, especially in comparison with control groups. The standard drugs amantadine and ribavarin were used as positive controls in the case of AIV and IBV, respectively. Better results were obtained with 2-aryl substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids 1a-h compared to their N-acylated derivatives 2a and 3a against both viruses. In conclusion, this preliminary data support the idea that thiazolidine carboxylic acids could be used as anti-viral drugs against AIV and IBV infections.}, keywords = {‎1, 3-thiazolidine-4- carboxylic acids,‎ Anti-viral activity,‎ Anti-viral inhibitors,‎ N-acylation ‎}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45627.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45627_921dfcffd9ea36044233495c6afbf3fb.pdf} } @article { author = {Iraninezhad, Zakaria and Azizzadeh, Mohammad and Taghavi Razavizadeh, Alireza and Mehrzad, Jalil and Rashtibaf, Mohhamad}, title = {Seroepidemiological feature of Chlamydia abortus in sheep and goat ‎population located in northeastern Iran}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {423-426}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2019.101946.2429}, abstract = {Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is a Gram-negative intracellular bacteria responsible for major economic losses due mainly to infection and subsequent induction of abortion in several animal species and poses considerable public health problems in humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibody against C. abortus in sheep and goat population of Khorasan Razavi province located in northeastern Iran. Four hundred fifty-two (271 sheep and 181 goats) sera samples from 40 sheep/goat epidemiologic units located in 11 counties were selected. Sera were assayed for antibodies against C. abortus using ELISA assay. Out of 452 sheep and goat sera, 44 [9.70% (95.00%CI: 7.10%-12.40%)] were positive for C. abortus antibodies. 28 out of 40 epidemiologic units (70.00%) and 10 out of 11 counties (91.00%), at least one seropositive sample was found. There was no significant difference between the seropositivity of sheep and goats. Age, sex, and location did not show significant relationship with the test results. The results showed that C. abortus was circulating in wide parts of Khorasan Razavi province. Considering the economic and public health importance of C. abortus, measures should be taken to help prevent its spread and to reduce the zoonotic risk of C. abortus in the studied region.}, keywords = {Chlamydia abortus,‎ Goat,‎ Iran,‎ Sheep,‎ Serology}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_40420.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_40420_581a9fe46ed958c9ce5da3a4d7f87b5c.pdf} } @article { author = {Talebi, Alireza and Tukmechi, Amir and Tehrani, Ali-Asghar and Mahmudi, Sorayya}, title = {Black proventriculus in Cobb 500 broiler breeders}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {427-429}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2020.119777.2830}, abstract = {The black proventriculus is a necropsy finding sign observed during post-mortem examinations of dead young chicks up to 10 days of age and due to variation in color of the affected proventriculus organ, it may be ignored in some cases, in particular when the disease occurs simultaneously with other well-recognized infections of two weeks old chicks. In late January 2018, several live and dead chicks with a history of an unusual increase in mortality showing no clinical signs but sudden dead were referred to the poultry clinic of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. General routine postmortem examination revealed color changes (light green to dark green color) in the wall of proventriculus together with some degrees of congestion in the lungs and liver of the dead chicks. Microbiology tests revealed that the causative agent was Escherichia coli strain O142 and histopathological examination indicated that the color changing of the organ was due to necrosis of glandular epithelium with locally extensive or diffuse hypercellularity by lymphocytes and macrophages with hemorrhages. In conclusion, black proventriculus due to E. coli strain O142 was responsible for the sudden death of young chicks and based on antibiogram, selective antibiotics should be used for the treatment of the affected flocks.}, keywords = {black proventriculus,Broiler breeder,Cobb 500,Escherichia coli O142}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45637.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45637_bc8cecaeb1ec3526a71f64d9398eac15.pdf} } @article { author = {Heidarinejad, seyedeh saeedeh and Mazaheri, Yazdan and Javidan, Sina and Izadi, Ahmad}, title = {A case of monocephalus, tetrabrachious and tetrapod in female newborn ‎goat}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {431-434}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {10.30466/vrf.2020.112254.2672}, abstract = {All conjoined twins are originally born as a result of fertilizing one zygote (egg) and also called monozygotic twins experiencing an incomplete division of an embryo into two portions of the embryo usually causing the formation of the primary streak stage. The main reason for the creation of this defect is not obvious. Dead twin goat with one head, one trunk, four anterior limbs, and four posterior organs was referred to the Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran. The radiographic and three-dimensional images showed one normal skull and pelvic bone vertebral column. The ribs and sternum of the newborn goat were quite normal and confirmed two pairs of extra limbs. There were no doubles in describing the internal organs. This report seems to be the first report regarding a case of a monocephalus, tetrabrachius, and tetrapod newborn goat.}, keywords = {Conjoined twins,‎ Goat,‎ Monocephalus,‎ Tetrabrachius,‎ Tetrapod}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45638.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_45638_c7cb4b81dfce59a73aebcecf3dbaad43.pdf} }