@article { author = {Youssef, Haroun Ali and Ali, Magda M. and Kuraa, Heba Mohamed M.}, title = {Effect of Small Intestine Strangulation Obstruction on Clinical and Histopathological Parameters An Experimental Study in Donkeys}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {75-86}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = {To study clinical and histopathological changes occur within the first 12 hours of strangulating obstruction of the small intestine in equine, twenty five adult donkeys were used in an experimental study. Strangulation obstruction of the small intestine was performed for 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours, respectively. Clinical examination was done before surgery and at 3 hours intervals postoperatively. After euthanasia, histopathological examination was made 10 cm, 1, 2 and 3 meters proximal to the strangulated part. Three hours postoperatively, the animals began to show signs of abdominal pain, they were looking around, stamping the hind feet, falling down suddenly. Nine hours postoperatively, animals showed signs of depression with intermittent nervous movements in the form of circle movement. After 12 hours, the animals were lying down; There were a significant reduction in the body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate, heart rate with significant increase in capillary refill time. Macroscopic changes of the strangulated part were congestion, edema, and dark red discoloration of the intestinal wall and mesentery. Distension of the intestine proximal to the strangulation extended more with increase the period of strangulation. Microscopic examination showed showed severe congestion, dark brown to blackish discoloration with fibrous shreds on the strangulated segment. Peticheal hemorrhages were observed in the intestinal wall and its mesentery for a distance up to 3 meters. The severity of signs varies according to the duration of obstruction which could give a remarkable justification of the prognosis of the patient and the availability of treatment.}, keywords = {Strangulation,Small Intestine,Intestinal obstruction,Equine,Colic}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1528.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1528_3f4f98ca79fc127b8f6f0adba35d296c.pdf} } @article { author = {Jalilzadeh-Amin, Ghader and Maham, Massoud and Dalir-Naghadeh, Bahram and Kheiri, Farshad}, title = {Effects of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Essential Oil on the Contractile Responses of Smooth Muscle (An in vitro Study)}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {87-96}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = { Bunium persicum (Boiss.) is an economically important medicinal plant growing wild in arid regions in Iran. The essential oil of B. persicum (EOBP) was extracted using hydrodistillation. A total of eighteen compounds, representing 96.14 % of the oil was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The main compounds were cuminaldehyde (23.04 %), gamma-terpinene (14.48 %), trans-3-Caren-2-ol (12.51 %), acetic acid (10.90 %) and 1,3,8 -p- menthatriene (7.89 %). The effects of 0.1 to 1000 g mL-1 EOBP on ruminal and abomasal smooth muscle of twenty-four healthy sheep and ileum preparations of six rats were assessed in vitro. Ruminal preparations showed relaxation (P < 0.05) when exposed to 100 - 1000 g mL-1 concentrations of EOBP. In the isolated abomasal preparations, EOBP (0.1 - 1 g mL-1) represented a weak spasmogenic effect followed by relaxation. The spontaneous contraction of abomasal smooth muscles was completely abolished with a high dose (1000 g mL-1) of EOBP. Five-minute incubation with EOBP, significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited Ach-induced contraction in higher doses on both tissues. In contrast, rat ileum only showed dose-dependent relaxation effect, and pre-incubated tissues with EOBP, decreased the Ach-induced contraction. The data indicated that the plant contained spasmogenic and spasmolitic constituents. The results also showed that the EOBP profoundly alters gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction in a dose-dependent and tissue-specific manner.}, keywords = {Bunium persicum,essential oil,Smooth muscle contraction,Rumen,Abomasum}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1529.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1529_10e361b33c357ba41b898bede489653e.pdf} } @article { author = {Kasiri, Milad and Farahi, Amin and Sudagar, Mohammad}, title = {Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Angel Fish, Pterophyllum scalare (Perciformes: Cichlidae)}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {97-102}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = {The freshwater angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare Schultze, 1823) is South American cichlid become very popular among aquarists. There is little information on their culture and aquarium husbandry. In this study growth performance and survival rate of angelfish subjected to different feeding frequencies were evaluated. Four groups of angel fish juveniles (0.87 ± 0.01 g; 3.98 ± 0.08 mm) were fed either four meals per day (F1), two meals per day (F2), one meal per day (F3) and every other day (F4) for 90 days. Final live weight and specific growth rate (SGR) values of group F1 and F2 were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in survival rate among the treatments. The best feed conversion ration (FCR) was obtained from four daily feeding (F1) (P < 0.05). Condition factor (CF) did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05) among experimental groups. In conclusion, the best results in growth performance were obtained by feeding four meals per day (F1) and two meals per day (F2), so they were recommended for angel fish feeding.}, keywords = {Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare),Feeding frequency,growth,Feed conversion ratio,Condition factor}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1530.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1530_4577c3f3f629296de8c8f127c31b9871.pdf} } @article { author = {Tabatabaei, Saleh and Batavani, Roozali and Ayen, Esmail}, title = {Effects of Vitamin E Addition to Chicken Semen on Sperm Quality During in Vitro Storage of Semen}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {103-111}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probable effects of the vitamin E addition in different levels to the extender of chicken semen on spermatozoa quality during storage of semen at 4°C for 0, 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours. Eight young Ross broiler breeder strain 308 roosters were used in this experiment. The collected semen from all roosters was mixed together and diluted with modified a Ringer’s solution. The diluted pooled semen was divided into 5 treatments (T). T1 was a control group without any vitamin E addition. For T2 to T5 groups 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 % and 3 % vitamin E (w/v), were added respectively. Treatments were evaluated for sperm motility, sperm viability and probable morphological defects after 0, 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours of incubation at 4°C. The evaluations of spermatozoa immediately after semen collection, were revealed no significant differences among values of treatment groups, whereas after incubating the treatments for different spans of time, the sperm progressive motility and viability rates for groups supplemented with vitamin E were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group. In addition, morphological defect rates of chicken spermatozoa in the groups supplemented with different levels of vitamin E were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in control group. According to the results of this study we conclude that, the most excellent level of vitamin E for supplementation to the extended semen of chicken in order to improve the sperm motility and viability plus to reduce the morphological defect rates of the spermatozoa up to 24 hours storage time at 4°C is 2 % (w/v).}, keywords = {Chicken,Semen,Vitamin E,Sperm quality,Semen storage}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1531.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1531_82de2ea8cbf4a7ed8385d8960bf03d35.pdf} } @article { author = {Moarabi, Abdolvahed and Mosallanejad, Bahman and Ghadiri, Ali Reza and Pourmahdi Borujeni, Mahdi}, title = {Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Urinary System in New Zealand White Rabbit and Tolai Hare}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {113-120}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = {Ultrasonographic examination of urinary system (kidney and urinary bladder) was conducted in New Zealand white rabbit [NZwr] and Tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Ultrasound images of the kidney and urinary bladder were evaluated on fifteen healthy rabbits of New Zealand white rabbit and another fifteen Tolai hares. The healthy rabbits were 8-12 months old (mean = 9.3 months), of both sexes and weighed between 1.1-1.7 kg (mean = 1.250 kg). All examinations were performed while the rabbits were in dorsal recumbancy. The kidneys were examined from fossa by the use of an 8 MHz linear real-time scanner. This study revealed the following measurements normal rabbit kidneys: 27.80-35.70 mm and 16.90-22.40 mm in length and width in New Zealand white rabbit, respectively. The length and width were 26.67-34.50 and 15.82-20.60 mm, in Tolai hare, respectively. Bladder wall thickness varies from 1.70-2.50 mm (in New Zealand white rabbit) to 1.80-2.60 mm (in Tolai hare). Statistical analysis showed that the gender did not have effect on length, width and weight (P > 0.05), but the type of the animal, had significant effect on the cortex and surface (P < 0.05). In the present study, the renal cortex was uniform in echogenicity, hyperechoic to the renal medulla, hypoechoic to the spleen, and isoechoic to the hepatic parenchyma.}, keywords = {Ultrasonography,Rabbit,Kidney,Urinary bladder}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1532.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1532_63c12315e3695f39cd7e536d4edaf75b.pdf} } @article { author = {Imani-Baran, Abbas and Yakhchali, Mohammad and Malekzadeh Viayeh, Reza and Farhangpajuh, Farhad}, title = {Prevalence of Cercariae Infection in Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) in NorthWest of Iran}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {121-127}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = { The pond snail Lymnaea auricularia serves as an intermediate host for many digenian species. In West Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, the cercariae infection investigation was undertaken in L. auricularia from May to November 2010. Of 6759 collected Lymnaeid snails, 370(5.5%) L. auricularia snails were identified. Cercariae infection was found in a number of 276 (74.56 %) snails. The results showed that removed cercariae from L. auricularia belonged to Echinostomcercariae (96.38 %) and Furcocercariae (3.62 %) which were found in two out of 28 sites during the course of study. In summer and fall, the highest prevalence of cercariae infection was recorded for both identified cercariae. It is concluded that L. auricularia could be an important intermediate host of large group digenian trematodes in the region, which is necessary to take consideration in the control program of trematode infection.}, keywords = {Cercariae,Lymnaea auricularia,West Azerbaijan,Iran}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1533.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1533_98674d3539da04ee99e4bc048768e487.pdf} } @article { author = {Garedaghi, Yacob}, title = {Prevalence of Linguatula serrata Nymph in Goat in Tabriz, North-West of Iran}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {129-133}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = {Linguatula serrata is one of well-known members of Pentastomida which infects both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of L. serrata in mesenteric lymph nodes, livers and lungs of goats slaughtered in Tabriz area, Iran. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), livers and lungs of 280 goats slaughtered in Tabriz, North-west of Iran were investigated for nymphs of L. serrata from September 2009 to September 2010. The organs were examined macroscopically and then a tissue digestion method was also done for investigation of liver and lung of the goats that were infected MLN. The liver and lung samples were mostly taken from the condemned and rejected part of organs. The infection rate of L. serrata nymphs in MLNs, livers and lungs was 27.1 %, 2.8 % and 2.8 % respectively. The number of isolated nymph in infected lymph nodes varied from 1 to 22 with a mean of 7. Only one nymph was isolated from each infected livers and lungs. The infection rate increased with age (P < 0.05). No significant difference in different sex groups and seasons was observed (P > 0.05). Linguatula infection occurs as an endemic zoonosis in the study area and has an active transmission life cycle.}, keywords = {Linguatula serrata,Nymph,Goat,Iran}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1534.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1534_d76fd13a4af280742151388f3d055a68.pdf} } @article { author = {Nazifi, Saeed and Tamadon, Amin and Behzadi, Mohammad-Amin and Haddadi, Shahram and Raayat-Jahromi, Ali-Reza}, title = {One-Humped Camels (Camelus dromedaries) Hard Ticks Infestation in Qeshm Island, Iran}, journal = {Veterinary Research Forum}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {135-138}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University}, issn = {2008-8140}, eissn = {2322-3618}, doi = {}, abstract = { The economic importance of tick infestation on camels are important as they are important meat and milk producer animals in the less vegetation area of Iran and their health and production are greatly affected by the high tick infestation. In this investigation, tick infestations on camels (Camelus dromedarius) were determined in Qeshm Island, Iran. A total number of 912 adult ticks (472 males and 440 females) were collected and identified. Hyalomma dromedarii was the predominant tick specie and accounted for 61.9% of the adult ticks. Other hard ticks were H. anatolicum excavatum (22 %), H. asiaticum asiaticum (14.2 %), H. marginatum (1.9 %), H. impeltatum (0.4 %) and Ripicephalus bursa (0.4 %). In conclusion, The provision of tick control programs in the Qeshm Island would seem a prerequisite for improving camel meat and milk production.}, keywords = {Tick,Camelus Dromedarius,Qeshm Island}, url = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1535.html}, eprint = {https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1535_de9a815c6ddb393f3b99ac29760e258b.pdf} }