eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
1
6
1951
مقاله پژوهشی
Unilateral orchidectomy in donkey (Equus asinus): Evaluation of different surgical techniques, histological and morphological changes on remaining testis
Magda Mahmoud Ali Omar
magdaali70@yahoo.com
1
Khaled Mohamed Ahmed Hassanein
2
Abdel-Razek Khalifa Abdel-Razek
3
Haroon Ali Yousef Hussein
4
Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Unilateral orchidectomy (UO) is required when further breeding potential is important. It is sometimes necessary to remove a single testis in a matured stallion for therapeutic reasons. In this study, twelve donkeys were used to evaluate three techniques of unilateral castration, histological and morphological changes on the remaining testis. Results of the study showed that each of the surgical techniques used had its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the other two techniques. Therefore the selection among the three techniques depends on the surgeon preferences and the environment in which the unilateral orchidectomy is performed. The volume of the remaining testis recorded at the end of the study was significantly greater than that estimated at the start of the study (p < 0.05). The percentage of sperm motility obtained from the remaining testis was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the testis in open surgery (group I) (where the scrotum was left opened) revealed severe hemorrhages, edema and fibrosis. The testis showed degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial orchitis. Histological examination of the testes removed using a closed technique, (in groups II and III) where the scrotum wound was sutured, revealed hyperplasia of spermatogenic series and Leydig cells. In conclusion, unilateral orchidectomy had compensatory effects on the weight and volume of remaining testis. Adverse effects on sperm motility and viability can affect the fertility of the animal.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1951_8e310619098d7de9b7af22069c428e76.pdf
Animal
Histology
Leydig cells
Testis
Unilateral orchidectomy
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
7
12
1952
مقاله پژوهشی
The in vitro effect of leptin on semen quality of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls
Amir Khaki
a.khaki@urmia.ac.ir
1
Rooz Ali Batavani
alibatavani@yahoo.com
2
Gholamreza Najafi
g.najafi@mail.urmia.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probable effects of leptin addition in different levels to the semen extender on sperm quality (motility and motility parameters, viability, sperm membrane integrity, and DNA damage). Semen specimens were evaluated immediately after leptin addition, equilibration time and after thawing the frozen semen. Five healthy buffalo bulls (5 ejaculates from each bull) were used. Each ejaculate was diluted at 37 ˚C with tris-based extender containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 ng mL-1 leptin. The diluted semen was kept 4 hr in refrigerator to reach to the equilibration time and then packed in 0.5 mL French straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Our results showed that, in the fresh semen, no significant difference was observed in all sperm quality parameters evaluated among all of the examined leptin concentrations. Addition of 10 ng mL-1 leptin into semen extender significantly preserved sperm motility, all of the motility parameters, and viability in equilibrated semen compared to that of control group. However, in vitro addition of 200 ng mL-1 leptin, significantly decreased theses parameters. In the frozen thawed semen, all leptin concentrations decreased sperm motility and viability, but significant decrease was observed in concentrations of 100 and 200 ng mL-1. Adding leptin to semen extender did not have any significant influence on sperm DNA damage and sperm membrane integrity in all examined groups. These findings suggest that in vitro addition of 10 ng mL-1 leptin could preserve sperm motility and viability in cooled semen of buffaloes.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1952_ae56a69e211555b1de2b748ee9f5306f.pdf
Buffalo
Leptin
Semen
Sperm quality
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
13
18
1953
مقاله پژوهشی
Effects of different levels of vitamin premix in finisher diets on performance, immuno-competence and meat lipid oxidation of chickens fed on corn-soybean meal
Hoseein Moravej
1
Majid Alahyari-Shahrasb
majid.alahyari@ut.ac.ir
2
Ali Kiani
3
Mona Bagherirad
4
Mahmood Shivazad
shivazad@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
The present study was carried out to examine the effects of a vitamin premix (VP) reduction or withdrawal from finisher diet (29-43 days) on performance, immuno-competence, and characteristics of leg bones and meat lipid oxidation of chickens fed on corn-soybean meal based diet. A total of 900 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatment groups (0, 33%, 66%, 100% and 133% VP), with nine replicates per treatment group. At 29 and 36 days of ages, four birds from each replicate were injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The cell-mediated immunity was determined via phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and 1-chloro 2-4-dinitrobenzen (DNCB) at 34 and 42 days of ages. At 33, 38 and 43 days of age, 42 days of ages, and two birds of each replicate were slaughtered and bone parameters measured. The oxidative stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on the thigh samples that were stored for 90 day at -80 ˚C. The results showed that reduction or withdrawal of VP from diets at different time points of the finisher period did not affect performance, immunocompetence and characteristics of leg bones. Results of TBARS showed that lipid peroxidation of the treatment without VP was significantly higher than of the other treatments when slaughtered at 43 days of age. Finally, the results of this study demonstrated that it is not possible to reduce the VP in finisher broilers’ diets without negative effects on meat quality during the time of freezing.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1953_4996f7ad60cab3f45b38ca36224ca13b.pdf
Broiler
Immunocompetence
Lipid peroxidation
Vitamin premix
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
19
24
1954
مقاله پژوهشی
The effects of vitamin B12 and diclofenac and their combination on cold and mechanical allodynia in a neuropathic pain model in rats
Esmaeal Tamaddonfard1
e.tamaddonfard@urmia.ac.ir
1
Farzad Samadi
2
Karim Egdami
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term intraperitoneal (IP) injection of vitamin B12 and diclofenac in separate and combined treatments on cold and mechanical allodynia in a neuropathic pain model in rats. Neuropathic pain was induced by crush injury in right tibial nerve. Acetone spray and von Frey tests were used to obtain cold and mechanical allodynia responses, respectively, on day 11 after nerve crush. Normal saline, vitamin B12 and diclofenac were injected intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days after surgery. Normal saline treated rats showed cold and mechanical allodynia responses after nerve crush. Vitamin B12 at doses of 50, 100 and 200 µg kg-1 and diclofenac at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 produced antiallodynic effects. Antiallodynic effects were not observed when subanalgesic doses of vitamin B12 (25 µg kg-1) and diclofenac (0.25 mg kg-1) were used together. By increasing the dose of vitamin B12 to an effective dose (100 µg kg-1), antiallodynic effects were observed when compared with diclofenac (0.25 mg kg-1) alone. The results indicated that vitamin B12 and diclofenac produced neuropathic pain suppressing effects. Moreover, a potentiation effect was observed between vitamin B12 and diclofenac.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1954_ac969f8657972c11895bf63f89b980ee.pdf
Allodynia
Diclofenac
Rats
Tibial nerve injury
Vitamin B12
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
25
30
1955
مقاله پژوهشی
Classification and grading of canine malignant mammary tumors
Abbas Tavasoly
atavasoli@ut.ac.ir
1
Hannaneh Golshahi
2
Annahita Rezaie
a.rezaie@scu.ac.ir
3
Mohammad Farhadi
4
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahid Chamran, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Hematology, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n = 21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n = 5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n= 4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n = 2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n = 12) grade I, 46.9% (n = 15) grade II and 15.6% (n = 5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1955_5b3a03c61fd89b6a73f7fd980f73e272.pdf
Classification
Dog
grading
Mammary tumor
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
31
36
1956
مقاله پژوهشی
Effects of in vitro copper sulphate supplementation on the ejaculated sperm characteristics in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Mehdi Tabassomi
1
Sayed Mortaza Alavi-Shoushtari
sayedmortazaalavishoushtari@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
This study was carried out to investigate effects of copper sulphate (CuSO4) additive to semen extenders on sperm parameters: progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and DNA damage, after semen dilution and cryopreservation. Semen samples of 5 buffalo bulls of 3-5 years old were collected at 5 different occasions during the autumn 2011. A total number of 25 samples were used in each examination. Sperm progressive motility and viability were measured at 0 (T0), 60 (T1) and 120 (T2) min after diluting semen in tris-citric acid extender containing 0 (control), 0.004, 0.008, 0.016, 0.032 and 0.064 mg L-1 CuSO4. Later, semen was diluted in a tris-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol extender containing the same amounts of CuSO4, cooled to 4 ˚C and kept refrigerated for 4 hr to equilibrate, sperm progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and DNA damage were estimated. Then, semen was packed in 0.5 mL French straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Later, the frozen semen was thawed in 37 ˚C water bath for 30 sec, and the same parameters as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the frozen-thawed semen were estimated. The results showed that copper additive at the rate of 0.032 mg L-1 gives a better protection of sperms through the process of dilution, equilibration and freeze-thawing than that in control and other Cu concentrations, while 0.064 mg L-1 CuSO4 had deleterious effect on the sperm.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1956_daf9676bf6d04ed951af99a40760b072.pdf
Buffalo
copper sulphate
Semen extender
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
37
41
1957
مقاله پژوهشی
Follicle stimulating hormone increases spermatogonial stem cell colonization during in vitro co-culture
Reza Narenji Sani
1
Parviz Tajik
ptajik@ut.ac.ir
2
Mohammad Hassan yousefi
3
Mansoureh Movahedin
4
Babak Qasemi-Panahi
5
Shiva Shafiei
6
Mahmood Ahmadi Hamedani
7
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
The complex process of spermatogenesis is regulated by various factors. Studies on spermatogonial stem cells (SCCs) have provided very important tool to improve herd genetic and different field. 0.2 to 0.3 percent of total cells of seminiferous tubules is consist of spermatogonial stem cells. To investigate and biomanipulation of these cells, proliferation and viability rate of cells should be increased in vitro, at first. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been suggested to play a determinant role in the survival of germ cells in addition to increasing spermatogonial proliferation. In this study, the in vitro effects of FSH on spermatogonial cell colony formation were investigated. Sertoli and spermatogonial cells were isolated from 3-5 months old calves. The identity of the Sertoli cells and spermatogonial stem cells were confirmed through immunocytochemistry and colony morphology, respectively. Co-cultured Sertoli and spermatogonial cells were treated with FSH in different dose of 10, 20 and 40 IU mL-1 FSH, before colony assay. Results indicated that, FSH increased in vitro colonization of spermatogonial cells in comparison with control group. In conclusion, using FSH provided proper bovine spermatogonial stem cell culture medium for in vitro study of these cells.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1957_1fa4b82b946d0d5b0d7c882722d78ec0.pdf
Bovine
Co-culture
FSH
Sertoli
SSCs
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
43
47
1958
مقاله پژوهشی
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats blood samples by PCR-RFLP in Urmia
Mousa Tavassoli
mtavassoli2000@yahoo.com
1
Mohammad Ghorbanzadehghan
2
Bijan Esmaeilnejad
b_esmaeilnejad@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Graduate from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Infection by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is widespread in humans and many other warm-blooded animals. More than half billion of world human population has serum antibodies to T. gondii and Sheep and goats are more widely infected with T. gondii. T. gondii infection can be diagnosed indirectly with serological methods and directly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hybridization, isolation and histology. A total number of 124 goats and 113 sheep blood samples were collected from Urmia region and PCR was used for detection of the pathogenic protozoan T. gondii using B1 gene. The targeted B1 gene is highly conserved in all T. gondii strains and is multiple copy genes whit in the T. gondii genome. The method used for the characterization of T. gondii strains implied digestion with AluI restriction enzyme of the fragments amplified. The results indicated three positive sheep (1.26%) with one RFLP patterns. The results indicated that the same strain of T. gondii has infected sheep in the region.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1958_828bf98404d7c8ddbdb81e43d62b851c.pdf
Goat
PCR-RFLP
Sheep
Toxoplasma gondii
Urmia
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
49
53
1959
مقاله پژوهشی
Study on effect of salinity level of water on electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
Ala Enayati
1
Rahim Peyghan
peyghan_r@scu.ac.ir
2
Ahmad Ali Papahn
3
Gholam-Hosain Khadjeh
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
In this study the effects of salinity on the electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp were investigated. For this purpose, grass carp were exposed to concentrations of 4, 8 and 12 g L-1 salinities and electrocardiogram of all fish was recorded. Blood samples were also collected from all fish and serum minerals were measured. Our results indicated that mineral level in the studied groups was significantly different. The average of heart rate per minute in control group and 4, 8 and 12 g L-1 were 10.15, 10.06, 12.17 and 7.79 beat per min, respectively. In 8 g L-1 group only the average of QT and ST segment decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). In 12 g L-1 group the average of heart rate per minute decreased significantly in comparison with 8 g L-1 group (p < 0.05) and no difference in the average of heart rate per minute was observed in all groups. The average of RR, PT and ST segment in the 12 g L-1 group were significantly more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The results showed that water salinity level increased to concentrations above 8 g L-1 can have significant effect on the electrocardiogram and mineral level of blood serum in grass carp. These changes are probably can be considered as one of the causes of impairment of health and death of this fish species in the salinities more than 8 g L-1 due to ion imbalance and cardiovascular disorders.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1959_9e5bfbe803e3e16145701a861334c3ee.pdf
Electrocardiogram
Grass Carp
Minerals
Salinity
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
55
58
1960
مقاله پژوهشی
Detection of torque teno virus (TTV) in domestic village chickens in Iran
Majid Bouzari
bouzari@sci.ui.ac.ir
1
Nima Shaykh Baygloo
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Torque teno virus (TTV) is prevalent worldwide and has been extensively studied in human and some wild and domestic animals. As the studies on TTV in chickens was rare and there was no information about the infection of domestic village chickens with TTV and also structural resemblance of this virus to chicken anemia virus, the frequency of the infection in domestic village chickens in different villages in Isfahan (Iran) was investigated. Sera were collected from 50 chickens. Viral DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the previously described T801 and T935 primers that were used for amplification of a highly conserved non-coding region (UTR) of the viral genome in a single round of PCR and Set B primers of conserved region in a nested PCR reaction. Using T801 and T835 primers TTV or viruses of TTV family were detected in 16 out of 50 sera tested (32%). Fourteen out of the same 50 sera (28%) were positive for TTV using Set B primers. Totally 20 sera were positive using both primers (40%). Ten sera were detected with both sets of primers, six sera with T801 and T935 primers and only four sera were positive using Set B primers for TTV. Different patterns of the detection of the virus with the two different sets of primers suggests the possibility of the presence of different genotypes of TTV in domestic village chickens and the possibility of the transmission of the virus from human to village chickens and vice versa. This necessitates further investigations.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1960_1ba7af22e21c375e46a6506fc6a71e88.pdf
Domestic village chickens
Iran
PCR
Torque Teno Virus (TTV)
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
59
62
1961
گزارش بالینی
Serum troponin I as an indicator of myocarditis in lambs affected with foot and mouth disease
Mohammad Reza Aslani
aslani_mr@yahoo.com
1
Mehrdad Mohri
mohri@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
Ahmad Reza Movassaghi
armovassaghi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hooved livestock and wildlife results to relatively high mortality in young animals. Despite the numerous reports of FMD-related death in neonates, there is little data available on various aspects of FMD in lambs. This report describes myocarditis associated with FMD in five, one week to three months old lambs. The lambs were depressed and afebrile and two of lambs showed foamy salivation associated with shallow ulcers in oral cavity. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed sinus tachycardia, multifocal ventricular premature beats and ventricular fibrillation. Serum biochemistry showed high levels of troponin I concentration and CK and AST activity. In Pathology, there were multiple pale areas in the subepicardial and subendocardial muscles and; widespread degeneration and coagulative necrosis of myocardium. The serum troponin I assay and ECG can be used for diagnosis of myocarditis and prognosis of affected lambs during FMD outbreak.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1961_2a6b7e4fa41bc3f49e3a49c85a6ebeae.pdf
Foot and mouth disease
Lambs
Myocarditis
Serum troponin I
eng
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
Veterinary Research Forum
2008-8140
2322-3618
2013-03-01
4
1
63
67
1962
گزارش بالینی
Rectal diverticulum in a terrier dog: A case report
Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
h_kazemi@um.ac.ir
1
Ali Mirshahi
2
Amir Afkhami
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Rectal diverticulum is a rare condition in dogs characterized by formation of a pouch or sac due to hernial protrusion of the mucous membranes through a defect in the muscular coat of the rectum. A 12-year-old male terrier dog was admitted with a history of a left perineal swelling, dyschezia and tenesmus during the last five months. Digital rectal examination identified a weakness in the left pelvic diaphragm and feces-filled sac within the lateral wall of the rectum. Positive contrast radiography showed a marked solitary diverticulum (3.5 × 4 × 4.5 cm) with wide-orifice neck arising from the left rectal wall. Using a lateral approach, a large rectal diverticulum was found and diverticulectomy following standard herniorrhaphy was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully with no signs of dyschezia during the next three years. Diverticulectomy by lateral approach and perineal herniorrhaphy produced excellent results.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_1962_ba04f233ab30e7d9eff29a1295e56b76.pdf
Diverticulum
Dog
Perineal hernia
Rectum