ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancement in colonization of bovine spermatogonial stem cells following addition of knock-out serum replacement to culture medium
Enrichment of cell suspension with germ cells prior to injection into recipient seminiferous tubules is of importance in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) transplantation. Knock-out serum replacement (KSR) has been reported to enhance the proliferation of murine SSCs and human embryonic stem cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of KSR versus fetal bovine serum (FBS) and their interaction on colonization of bovine SSCs in vitro. When FBS (10%) was replaced with KSR (10%), a significant increase in the colonization of SSCs and the expression of Thy1, as marker for enrichment of SSCs, was observed. It was revealed that the lesser proliferative effect of FBS as well as the greater proliferative impact of KSR on SSCs colonization were not irreversible as cells having been cultured with FBS (10%) for three days with low colonization showed high rate of colonization in response to KSR (10%) and cells having been cultured with KSR (10%) with high colonization experienced low rate of colonization in response to FBS (10%). Further, it was shown that FBS did not contain factors inhibiting SSCs colonization and it simply lacked factors essential for SSCs proliferation because the combination of FBS (5%) and KSR (5%) resulted in even greater rate of colonization than did KSR (10%). In conclusion, the present study showed that addition of KSR to culture medium would significantly increase SSCs proliferation.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22156_8490c8656162e00a795a2f255cf6594c.pdf
2016-12-01
275
280
Bovine
Colonization
Fetal bovine serum
Knock-out serum replacement
Spermatogonial stem cell
Reza
Youssefi
vakpa_3752@yahoo.com
1
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parviz
Tajik
ptajik@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Movahedin
3
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Vahid
Akbarinejad
v_akbarinejad@ut.ac.ir
4
Young Researchers and Elites Club, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
AUTHOR
Oatley JM. Spermatogonial stem cell biology in the bull: Development of isolation, culture, and transplantation methodologies and their potential impacts on cattle production. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2010; 67: 133-143.
1
Brinster RL, Zimmermann JW. Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 11298-11302.
2
Brinster RL, Avarbock MR. Germline transmission of donor haplotype following spermatogonial trans-plantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 11303-11307.
3
Kubota H, Avarbock MR, Brinster RL. Growth factors essential for selfrenewal and expansion of mouse spermatogonial stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 16489-16494.
4
Izadyar F, Den Ouden K, Stout TA, et al. Autologous and homologous transplantation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells. Reproduction 2003; 126: 765-774.
5
Herrid M, Vignarajan S, Davey R, et al. Successful trans-plantation of bovine testicular cells to heterologous recipients. Reproduction 2006; 132: 617-624.
6
Stockwell S, Herrid M, Davey R, et al. Microsatellite detection of donor-derived sperm DNA following germ cell transplantation in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21: 462-468.
7
Oatley JM, de Avila DM, Reeves JJ, et al. Testis tissue explant culture supports survival and proliferation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells. Biol Reprod 2004; 70: 625-631.
8
Aponte PM, Soda T, van de Kant HJ, et al. Basic features of bovine spermatogonial culture and effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Theriogenology 2006; 65: 1828-1847.
9
Aponte PM, Soda T, Teerds KJ, et al. Propagation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. Reproduction 2008; 136: 543-557.
10
Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Ogonuki N, Matoba S, et al. Improved serum- and feeder-free culture of mouse germline stem cells. Biol Reprod 2014; 91: 88.
11
Sato T, Katagiri K, Gohbara A, et al. In vitro production of functional sperm in cultured neonatal mouse testes. Nature 2011; 471: 504-507.
12
Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Izpisúa Belmonte JC. Albumin-associated lipids regulate human embryonic stem cell self-renewal. PLoS One 2008; 3: e1384.
13
Akbarinejad V, Tajik P, Movahedin M, et al. Effect of extracellular matrix on bovine spermatogonial stem cells and gene expression of niche factors regulating their development in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 157: 95-102.
14
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-DDCT method. Methods 2001; 25: 402-408.
15
Abbasi H, Tahmoorespur M, Hosseini SM, et al. THY1 as a reliable marker for enrichment of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the goat. Theriogenology 2013; 80: 923-932.
16
Hermann BP, Sukhwani M, Simorangkir DR, et al. Molecular dissection of the male germ cell lineage identifies putative spermatogonial stem cells in rhesus macaques. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 1704-1716.
17
Kubota H, Avarbock MR, Brinster RL. Spermatogonial stem cells share some, but not all, phenotypic and functional characteristics with other stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 6487-6492.
18
Reding SC, Stepnoski AL, Cloninger EW, et al. THY1 is a conserved marker of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the prepubertal bull testis. Reproduction 2010; 139: 893-903.
19
Ryu BY, Orwig KE, Kubota H, et al. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of spermatogonial stem cells in rats. Dev Biol 2004; 274: 158-170.
20
Oatley JM, Brinster RL. Regulation of spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal in mammals. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2008; 24: 263-286.
21
Levine EM, Becker Y, Boone CW, et al. Contact inhibition, macromolecular synthesis, and poly-ribosomes in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1965; 53: 350-356.
22
Martz E, Steinberg M. The role of cell-cell contact in “contact” inhibition of cell division: A review and new evidence. J Cell Physiol 1972; 79: 189-210.
23
Puliafito A, Hufnagel L, Neveu P, et al. Collective and single cell behavior in epithelial contact inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 739-744.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of pre-analytical handling on selected canine hematological parameters evaluated by automatic analyzer
To assess the effects of pre-analytical handling (storage time and temperature) on selected hematological parameters, whole blood samples were collected in EDTA coated tubes from each of 30 clinically normal male adult beagle dogs. Each sample was separated in 2 aliquots, of which one was stored in ambient temperature (25 ˚C) and the other one was refrigerated (2 to 4 ˚C). Complete blood counts were performed in 1, 2.5, 5, 12, 24, 36 and 60 hr post-sampling for each aliquot of every sample using a flow cytometer. Packed cell volume values remained stable in the samples kept in room temperature (RT), whereas a significant increase was noted in the refrigerated ones 24 hr post-sampling. Statistically significant increases in red blood cell counts were noted after 24hr in the samples stored in 2 to 4 ˚C and after 12 hr in those kept in RT. No significant changes were observed in haemoglobin concentration. A significant decrease was evident only 60 hr post-sampling for the white blood cells kept in RT, but not for those kept in 2 to 4 ˚C. Platelet counts significantly decreased after 24 hr in the refrigerated aliquots and after 5 hr in those kept in RT. The results of this study indicate that storage of blood samples for up to 24 hr in 2 to 4 ˚C is associated with the least artifactual changes.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22160_c5650ab8516d58cb7f71d6ced7612c59.pdf
2016-12-01
281
285
Complete blood count
Dog
Hematology
stability
Temperature
Labrini Vasileiou
Athanasiou
lathan@vet.uth.gr
1
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zoe
Polizopoulou
poliz@vet.auth.gr
2
Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
AUTHOR
Maria Rafaela
Kalafati
3
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
AUTHOR
George
Ntararas
geontar@gmail.com
4
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
AUTHOR
Vasileios
Kontos
bkontos@edu.esdy.gr
5
National School of Public Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Torrance A. Introduction to hematological diagnostic techniques In: Day MJ, Mackin A, Littlewood JD (Eds). Manual of canine and feline hematology and transfusion medicine. Gloucester, UK: BSAVA 2000; 3-5.
1
Jain NC. The platelets. In: Jain NC (Ed), Essentials of veterinary hematology. Philadelphia, USA: Lea & Febiger 1993; 105-132.
2
Weiser G. Sample Collection, Processing, and Analysis of Laboratory Service Options In: Thrall MA, Weiser GG, Allison R, et al. (Eds), Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry. 2nd ed. Ames, USA: Wiley-Blackwell 2012; 34-38.
3
Medaille C, Briend-Marchal A, Braun JP. Stability of selected hematology variables in canine blood kept at room temperature in EDTA for 24 and 48 hours. Vet Clin Path 2006; 35: 18-23.
4
Bourges-Abella NH, Geffre A, Deshuillers PL, et al. Changes in hematology measurements in healthy and diseased dog blood stored at room temperature for 24 and 48 hours using the XT-2000iV analyzer. Vet Clin Path 2014; 43: 24-35.
5
Braun JP, Bourges-Abella N, Geffre A, et al. The pre-analytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology. Vet Clin Path 2015; 44: 8-25.
6
Athanasiou LV, Batzias G, Saridomichelakis MN, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of aminosidine after repeated administrations using an optimal dose regimen in healthy dogs and in dogs with leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205: 365-370.
7
Batzias GC, Delis GN, Athanasiou LV. Clindamycin bioavailability and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules in dogs Vet J 2005; 170: 339-345.
8
Rizzi TE, Meinkoth JH, Clinkenbeard KD. Normal Hematology of the Dog. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ. (Eds). Schalm's veterinary hematology. 6th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell 2010; 799-811.
9
Cohle SD, Saleem A, Makkaoui DE. Effects of storage of blood on stability of hematologic parameters. Am J Clin Pathol 1981; 76: 67-69.
10
Meyer DJ, Harvey JW. Evaluation of hemostasis: Coagulation and Platelet Disorders. In: Veterinary laboratory medicine: Interpretation & diagnosis. 3rd ed. London, UK: WB Saunders 2004; 107-131.
11
Wood BL, Andrews J, Miller S, et al. Refrigerated storage improves the stability of the complete blood cell count and automated differential. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 112: 687-695.
12
10. Buttarello M. Quality specification in hematology: The automated blood cell count. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 346: 45-54.
13
Change JJ. Blood testing: Choosing the right specimen. Lab Notes 2002; 11: 1-7.
14
Kafka M, Yermiahu T. The effect of EDTA as an anticoagulant on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Clin Lab Hematol 1998; 20: 213-216.
15
Antwi-Baffour S, Quao E, Kyeremeh R, et al. Prolong storage of blood in EDTA has an effect on the morphology and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Int J Biomed Sci Eng 2013; 1: 20-23.
16
Athanasiou LV, Giannakopoulos CG, Polizopoulou ZS, et al. A comparative study of the ovine hemogram: Cell-Dyn 3500 versus manual methods. Am J Anim Vet Sci 2013; 8: 203-209.
17
Vives-Corrons JL, Besson I, Jou JM, et al. Evaluation of the Abbott Cell-DYN 3500 hematology analyzer in University hospital. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105: 553-559.
18
Fournier M, Gireau A, Chretien MC, et al. Laboratory evaluation of the Abbott Cell Dyn 3500 5-part differential. Am J Clin Pathol 1996, 105: 286-292.
19
Sanzari M, De Toni S, D’Osualdo A, et al. Analytical evaluation of an automated hematologic analyzer: Cell Dyn 3500. Minerva Med 1996; 87: 123-30.
20
Sachse C, Jahns-Streubel G, Henkel E. First clinical evaluation of the Cell-Dyn 3200 hematology analyzer. Clin Lab Hematol 1998; 20: 333-340.
21
Borges AS, Martins Amorim R, Takahira RK, et al. Evaluation of zebu nellore cattle blood samples using the Cell-Dyn 3500 hematology analyzer. Cienc Anim Bras 2014; 15: 466-472.
22
Becker M, Moritz A, Giger U. Comparative clinical study of canine and feline total blood cell count results with seven in-clinic and two commercial laboratory hematology analyzers. Vet Clin Path 2008; 37:373-384.
23
Furlanello T, Tasca S, Caldin M, et al. Artifactual changes in canine blood following storage, detected using the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer. Vet Clin Path 2006; 35: 42-46.
24
Prins M, van Leeuwen MW, Teske E. Stability and reproducibility of ADVIA 120-measured red blood cell and platelet parameters in dogs, cats, and horses, and the use of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CH(R)) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 2009; 134: 272-278.
25
Pastor J, Cuenca R, Velarde R, et al. Evaluation of a hematology analyzer with canine and feline blood. Vet Clin Path 1997; 26: 138-147.
26
Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, et al. Storage of laboratory animal blood samples causes hemorheological alterations: Inter-species differences and the effects of duration and temperature. Korea-Aust Rheol J 2009; 21: 127-133.
27
Gulati GL, Hyland LJ, Kocher W, et al. Changes in automated complete blood cell count and differential leukocyte count results induced by storage of blood at room temperature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126: 336-342.
28
Vogelaar SA, Posthuma D, Boomsma D, et al. Blood sample stability at room temperature for counting red and white blood cells and platelets. Vasc Pharmacol 2002; 39: 123-125.
29
Harvey JW. Veterinary hematology: A diagnostic guide and color atlas. Saunders. 2012; 191-233.
30
Zini G. Stability of complete blood count parameters with storage: Toward defined specifications for different diagnostic applications. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 36: 111-313.
31
Imeri F, Herklotz R, Risch L, et al. Stability of hematological analytes depends on the hematology analyzer used: A stability study with Bayer Advia 120, Beckman Coulter LH 750 and Sysmex XE 2100. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 397: 68-71.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from gut of honeybees (Apis mellifera) from West Azerbaijan, Iran
Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis were used for molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) isolated from Apis mellifera. Eighteen honeybee workers were collected from three different apiaries in West Azerbaijan. LABs from the gut of honeybees were isolated and cultured using routine biochemical procedures. Genomic DNA was extracted from LABs and a fragment of 1540 bp in size of 16S rRNA gene was amplified. PCR products were digested using HinfI endonuclease and digested products with different RFLP patterns were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria spp. are were the most abundant LABs in honeybee gut. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were closely clustered with high similarity percentage with the same bacteria isolated from honeybees’ gut elsewhere. It was concluded that LABs isolated from honeybees had low sequence divergence in comparison with LABs isolated from other sources such as dairy products.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22164_0d1b76c6a946ff87a0270c4d2562ef1b.pdf
2016-12-01
287
294
Apis mellifera
Honeybee
Lactic acid bacteria
Molecular identification
Phylogenetic analysis
Mohammad Farouq
Sharifpour
mf.sharifpour@yahoo.com
1
Private Veterinary Practitioner, Mahabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Karim
Mardani
k.mardani@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdulghaffar
Ownagh
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Killer J, Kopečný J, Mrázek J, et al. Bifidobacteria in the digestive tract of bumblebees. Anaerobe 2010; 16(2): 165-170.
1
Olofsson TC, Vásquez A. Detection and identification of a novel lactic acid bacterial flora within the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57(4): 356-363.
2
Reuter G. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microflora of the human intestine: composition and succession. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2001; 2(2): 43-53.
3
Ouwehand A, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probiotics: An overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2002; 82(1-4): 279-289.
4
De Preter V, Vanhoutte T, Huys G, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Bifidobacterium breve, and oligofructose-enriched inulin on colonic nitrogen-protein metabolism in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292(1): 358-368.
5
Rafter J, Bennett M, Caderni G, et al. Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85(2): 488-496.
6
Sazawal S, Hiremath G, Dhingra U, et al. Efficacy of probiotics in preve ntion of acute diarrhoea: A meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(6): 374-382.
7
Nocek JE, Kautz WP. Direct-Fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre and postpartum dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89(1): 260-266.
8
Younts-Dahl SM, Galyean ML, Loneragan GH, et al. Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus- and Propionibacterium-based direct-fed microbials and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in beef feedlot cattle and on hides at harvest. J Food Prot 2004; 67(5): 889-893.
9
Chaucheyras-Durand F, Durand H. Probiotics in animal nutrition and health. Benef Microbes 2010; 1(1): 3-9.
10
Anderson KE, Sheehan TH, Eckholm BJ, et al. An emerging paradigm of colony health: microbial balance of the honey bee and hive (Apis mellifera). Insect Soc 2011; 58(4): 431-444.
11
Foote H. Possible use of microorganisms in synthetic bee bread production. Am Bee J 1957; 97 (12):476-478.
12
Gilliam M, Prest D, B., Lorenz B, J. Microbiology of pollen and bee bread: taxonomy and enzymology of molds. Apidologie 1989; 20(1): 53-68.
13
White Jr JW, Subers MH, Schepartz AI. The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system. Biochim Biophys Acta 1963; 73(1): 57-70.
14
Taormina PJ, Niemira BA, Beuchat LR. Inhibitory activity of honey against foodborne pathogens as influenced by the presence of hydrogen peroxide and level of antioxidant power. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 69(3): 217-225.
15
Molan PC. Honey as a topical antibacterial agent for treatment of infected wounds. World Wide Wounds 2001 (1): 1-13.
16
Gilliam M. Identification and roles of non‐pathogenic microflora associated with honey bees. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 155(1): 1-10.
17
Jones JC, Myerscough MR, Graham S, et al. Honey bee nest thermoregulation: diversity promotes stability. Science 2004; 305(5682): 402-404.
18
Sabree ZL, Hansen AK, Moran NA. Independent studies using deep sequencing resolve the same set of core bacterial species dominating gut communities of honey bees. PLoS One 2012; 7(7): e41250.
19
Moran NA, Hansen AK, Powell JE, et al. Distinctive gut microbiota of honey bees assessed using deep sampling from individual worker bees. PLoS One 2012; 7(4): e36393.
20
Vásquez A, Forsgren E, Fries I, et al. Symbionts as major modulators of insect health: lactic acid bacteria and honeybees. PLoS One 2012; 7(3): e33188.
21
Olofsson TC, Vásquez A, Sammataro D, et al. A scientific note on the lactic acid bacterial flora within the honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera (Buckfast), A. m. scutellata, A. m. mellifera, and A. m. monticola. Apidologie 2011; 42(6): 696-699.
22
Vásquez A, Olofsson TC. The lactic acid bacteria involved in the production of bee pollen and bee bread. J Apicult Res Bee World 2009; 48(3): 189-195.
23
De Man JC, Rogosa M, Sharpe ME. A medium for the cultivation of Lactobacilli. J Appl Bacteriol 1960; 23(1): 130-135.
24
Tannock GW. Identification of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Curr Issues Mol Biol 1999; 1(1): 53-64.
25
Coeuret V, Dubernet S, Bernardeau M, et al. Isolation, characterisation and identification of Lactobacilli focusing mainly on cheeses and other dairy products. Le Lait 2003; 83(4): 269-306.
26
Aljanabi SM, Martinez I. Universal and rapid salt-extraction of high quality genomic DNA for PCR-based techniques. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25(22): 4692-4693.
27
Yavuzdurmaz H. Isolation, characterization, determination of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria from human milk. Master Thesis. Izmir Institute of Technology. Izmir, Turkey: 2007.
28
Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 1987; 4(4): 406-425.
29
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, et al. MEGA 6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 30(12): 2725-2729.
30
Mrázek J, Štrosová L, Fliegerová K, et al. Diversity of insect intestinal microflora. Folia Microbiol 2008; 53(3): 229-233.
31
Randazzo CL, Caggia C, Neviani E. Application of molecular approaches to study lactic acid bacteria in artisanal cheeses. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 78(1): 1-9.
32
Corby-Harris V, Maes P, Anderson KE. The bacterial communities associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera) foragers. PLoS One 2014; 9(4): e95056.
33
Ellegaard K, Tamarit D, Javelind E, et al. Extensive intra-phylotype diversity in Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria from the honeybee gut. BMC Genomics 2015; 16(1): 1-22.
34
Hroncova Z, Havlik J, Killer J, et al. Variation in honey bee gut microbial diversity affected by ontogenetic stage, age and geographic location. PLoS One 2015; 10(3): e0118707.
35
Porcellato D, Frantzen C, Rangberg A, et al. Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus kunkeei AR114 isolated from honey bee gut. Genome Announc 2015; 3(2): e00144-15.
36
Al Kassaa I, Hober D, Hamze M, et al. Antiviral potential of lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2014; 6(3-4): 177-185.
37
Song YL, Kato N, Matsumiya Y, et al. Identification of Lactobacillus species of human origin by a commercial kit, API50CHL. Rinsho Biseibutsu Jinsoku Shindan Kenkyukai Shi 1999; 10(2): 77-82.
38
Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985; 39 (4): 783-791.
39
Moreira JL, Mota RM, Horta MF, et al. Identification to the species level of Lactobacillus isolated in probiotic prospecting studies of human, animal or food origin by 16S-23S rRNA restriction profiling. BMC Microbiol 2005; 5(1): 15.
40
Tajabadi N, Mardan M, Abdul Manap M, et al. Detection and identification of Lactobacillus bacteria found in the honey stomach of the giant honeybee Apis dorsata. Apidologie 2011; 42(5): 642-649.
41
Guo J, Wu J, Chen Y, et al. Characterization of gut bacteria at different developmental stages of Asian honey bees, Apis cerana. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 127: 110-114.
42
Tamarit D, Ellegaard KM, Wikander J, et al. Functionally structured genomes in Lactobacillus kunkeei colonizing the honey crop and food products of honeybees and stingless bees. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7(6): 1455-1473.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of a traditional marinating on properties of rainbow trout fillet during chilled storage
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using food additives from natural sources to improve taste and also extend the shelf-life of semi-preserved foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to examine the chemical and microbiological changes promoted by a local marinating process in rainbow trout fillets during chilled storage. Fish fillets were immersed in marinades and stored at 4 ˚C for 10 days and were analyzed for total volatile basic nitrogen (TVN), thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), water holding capacity (WHC), pH, mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial count every two days. Variations in TBA and WHC were not statistically significant between marinated and control groups. The values of TVN, pH, total psychrophilic bacteria count (TPC) and total mesophilic bacteria count (TMC) in marinated samples were significantly lower than controls. The most obvious finding of this study was that traditional marinated rainbow trout fillet stored in 4 ˚C had no undesirable changes at least for eight days.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22161_5937ddfa18f52dff91db9f35d9816f4b.pdf
2016-12-01
295
300
Chemical changes
Marinating
Microbial load
Rainbow trout
Refrigerator
Siavash
Maktabi
s.maktabi@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Zarei
2
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Milad
Chadorbaf
3
DVM Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Cunnane SC, Griffin BA. Nutrition and metabolism of lipids. In: Gibney MJ. Vorster HH, Kok FJ (Eds), Introduction to human nutrition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2002; 81-115.
1
Cowx IG. Food and Agriculture Organization 2005-2016. Cultured aquatic species information pro-gramme. Oncorhynchus mykiss. Available at: http:// www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/en. Accessed Nov 26, 2016.
2
Abdolhay H. Food and Agriculture Organization 2005-2016. National aquaculture sector overview. Islamic Republic of Iran. National aquaculture sector overview fact sheets. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/ countrysector/naso_iran/en. Accessed Nov 26, 2016.
3
Vice for strategic planning and supervision, statistical center of Iran. Available at: http://istmat.info/files/ uploads/44179/iran_statistical_yearbook_2010-2011_ 1389.pdf. Accessed Nov 26, 2016.
4
Gram L, Wedell-Neergaard C, Huss HH. The bacterio-logy of fresh and spoiling Nile perch. Int J Food Microbiol 1990; 10: 303-316.
5
Moini S, Tahergorabi R, Vali SH, et al. Effect of gamma radiation on the quality and shelf life of refrigerated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets. J Food Prot 2009; 72: 1419-1426.
6
Rostamzad H, Shabanpour B, Kashaninejad M, et al. Inhibitory impacts of natural antioxidants (ascorbic and citric acid) and vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation in frozen Persian Sturgeon fillet. Iran J Fish Sci 2010; 9: 279-292.
7
Halliwell B, Murcia M, Chirico S, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work. Cri Rev Food Sci Nutri 1995; 35: 7-20.
8
Cadun A, Kışla D, Çaklı S. Marination of deep-water pink shrimp with rosemary extract and the determination of its shelf-life. Food Chem 2008; 109: 81-87.
9
Sallam K, Ahmed AM, Elgazzar MM, et al. Chemical quality and sensory attributes of marinated Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) during vacuum-packaged storage at 4 ˚C. Food Chem 2007; 102: 1061- 1070.
10
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18
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19
Özogul Y, Özogul F, Kuley E. Effects of combining of smoking and marinating on the shelf life of anchovey stored at 4 ˚C. Food Sci Biotech 2010; 19 (1): 69-75.
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26
Pezeshk S, Rezaei M, Rashedi H, et al. Investigation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of turmeric extract (Curcuma Longa) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vitro. Iranian J Food Sci Technol 2012; 35: 77-87.
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Goswami P, Mandal P, Jha P, et al. Antioxidant activities of different spices on the lipid oxidation of cooked and uncooked fillet of two fish species belonging to the genus puntius. J Agr Sci Tech 2013; 15: 737-746.
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of antibiotic resistance genes in relation to phylogenetic background in Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy pet cats in Kerman city
The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic groups and anti-microbial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy pet cats in Kerman city. Ninety E. coli isolates were recovered from obtained rectal swabs. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates against seven selected antibiotic was determined using disc diffusion method. Phylogenetic background of the isolates was determined according to the presence of the chuA, yjaA and TspE4C2 markers. Theisolates were examined to determine a selection of antibiotic resistance genes including tetA, tetB, aadA, sulI and dhfrV by polymerase chain reaction. Forty two isolates (46.6%) were positive at least for one of the examined genes. Phylotyping revealed that the isolates are segregated in phylogenetic groups A (66.7%), B1 (1.2%), B2 (13.4%) and D (18.9%). Among 90 isolates, 26.6% were positive for tetB gene, 10.0% for cqnrS gene, 12.3% for sulI and aadA genes, 8.9% for tetA and 2.2% for dhfrVgene. None of the E. coli isolates were positive for qnrA and qnrB genes. Sixteen combination patterns of antibiotic resistance genes were identified which belonged to four phylogroups. Maximum and minimum resistant isolates were recorded against to tetracycline (82.3%) and gentamycin (1.2%), respectively. Fifteen antibiotic resistance patterns were determined in different phylo-genetic groups. In conclusion, feces of healthy pet cat in Kerman could be a source of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates, whereas these isolates were distributed all over the main phylogroups.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22163_830db1132bc9b514fd3903cf1716091c.pdf
2016-12-01
301
308
Antibiotic resistance genes
Cat
Escherichia coli
Phylogenetic group
Baharak
Akhtardanesh
akhtardanesh@mail.uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Ghanbarpour
ghanbar@uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sadaf
Ganjalikhani
sadaf_1991g@yahoo.com
3
Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Gazanfari
ghazanfariparisa1@gmail.com
4
Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Costa D, Poeta P, Saenz Y, et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in faecal Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy pets. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127(1-2): 97-105.
1
Sura R, Van Kruiningen HJ, DebRoy C, et al. Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli induced acute necrotizing pneumonia in cats. Zoonoses public Health 2007; 54(8): 307-313.
2
Saei DH, Ahmadi E, Kazemnia A, et al. Molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from sheep faeces samples. Comp Clin Path 2010; 21(4): 467-473.
3
Hammerum AM, Heue OE. Human health hazards from antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli of animal origin. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48(7): 916-921.
4
Guardabassi L, Schewarz S, Lloyd DH. Pet animals as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54(2): 321-332.
5
Normand EH, Gibson RN, Taylor DJ, et al. Trends of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from a small animal referral hospital. Vet Rec 2000; 146(6): 151-155.
6
Rzewuska M, Czopowicz M, Kizerwetter-Uwida M, et al. Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from infections in dogs and cats in Poland (2007–2013). Sci World J 2015; 1-8.
7
Shaheen BW, Nayak R, Foley SL, et al. Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms among broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from companion animals in the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68(5): 1019-1024.
8
Frye JG, Jackson CR. Genetic mechanisms of anti-microbial resistance identified in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enteroccocus spp. Isolated from U.S. food animals. Front Microbiol 2013; 4: 135.
9
Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13(6): 151-171.
10
Skold O. Resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamides. Vet Res 2001; 32(3-4): 261-273.
11
Clermont O, Bonacorsi S, Bingen E. Rapid and simple determination of Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Appl Environ Microbiol2000; 66(10): 4555-4558.
12
Giufre M, Graziani C, Accogli M, et al. Escherichia coli of human and avian origin: Detection of clonal groups associated with fluoroquinolone and multidrug resistance in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67(4): 860-867.
13
Green MR, Sambrook J. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. 4th ed. New York, USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2012; 19-21.
14
Cattoir V, Poirel L, Rotimi V, et al. Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60: 394-397.
15
Van TTH, Chin J, Chapman T, et al. Safety of raw meat and shellfish in Vietnam: An analysis of Escherichia coli isolations for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 124(3): 217-223.
16
Dissanayake DR, Wijewardana TG, Gunawardena GA, et al. Distribution of lipopolysaccharide core types among avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in relation to the major phylogenetic groups. Vet Microbiol 2008; 132 (3-4): 355-363.
17
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 24th informational supplement. Wayne, USA: CLSI; 2014: 236-238.
18
Boothe DM, Debavalya N. Impact of routine antimicrobial therapy on canine fecal Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance: A pilot study. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2011; 9(4): 396-406.
19
Zhang XY, Ding LJ, Fan, MZ. Resistance patterns and detection of aac(3)-IV gene in apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87(3): 449-454.
20
Johnson JR, Clabots CR, Kuskowski MA. Multiple-host sharing, long-term persistence, and virulence of Escherichia coli clones from human and animal household members. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46(12): 4078-4082.
21
Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Owens K, et al. Virulence genotypes and phylogenetic background of fluoro-quinolone-resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli urine isolates from dogs with urinary tract infection. Vet Microbiol 2009; 136(1-2): 108-114.
22
Wu S, Dalsgaard A, Hammerum AM, et al. Prevalence and characterization of plasmids carrying sulfonamide resistance genes among Escherichia coli from pigs, pig carcasses and Human. Acta Vet Scand 2010; 52: 47.
23
Stenske KA, Bemis DA, Gillespie BE, et al. Comparison of clonal relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli from healthy dogs and their owners. Am J Vet Res2009; 70(9): 1108-1116.
24
Cocchi S, Grasselli E, Gutacker M, et al. Distribution and characterization of integrons in Escherichia coli strains of animal and human origin. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 50(1): 126-132.
25
Moreno E, Prats G, Sabate M, et al. Quinolone, fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in relation to virulence determinants and phylogenetic background among uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother2006; 57(2): 204-211.
26
Sidjabat HE, Chin JJ, Chapman T, et al. Colonization dynamics and virulence of two clonal groups of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dogs. Microb Infect 2009; 11(1):100-107.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Zataria multiflora extract on the clinical endometritis and reproductive indices in lactating Holstein dairy cows
In the present study, the effect of intrauterine infusion of Zataria multiflora extract on the clinical endometritis was investigated. Vaginal examination, transrectal palpation and ultrasonography were used to inspect the genital tract at 30-40 days in milk and two weeks later the same approach was applied. Cows with clinical endometritis were randomly divided into three treatment groups: Z. multiflora extract (n = 56), penicillin + streptomycin (pen + strep, n = 55), and placebo (n = 20). Cervical cytology, reagent strip test and cell counting by means of Neubauer hemocytometer were carried out in both examinations. Clinical cure rate of cows with endometritis of score 1 were 45.5, 34.5 and 53.6% in placebo, pen + strep and Z. multiflora, respectively. Clinical cure rate of cows with endometritis of score 2, 3 were 66.7, 84.6 and 56.0% in placebo, pen + strep and Z. multiflora, respectively. Overall, proportions of successfully treated cows were 55.0, 58.2 and 54.7% in placebo, pen + strep and Z. multiflora, respectively (p > 0.05). In placebo, none of the parameters were significantly different between first and second examination, while we found the significant differences in percentage of neutrophils and leukocyte esterase activity in other groups (p < 0.05). First service conception rate of cows was higher in Z. multiflora compared to other groups; however, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, pen + strep and Z. multiflora extract can be effective on the clinical endometritis and may improve reproductive performance. The extract of Z. multiflora can be useful as an alternative therapy for treatment of clinical endometritis in lactating dairy cows.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22159_a505077956c1ca8517e36ad8762df019.pdf
2016-12-01
309
315
Clinical endometritis
Dairy cow
Penicillin
Streptomycin
<i>Zataria multiflora</i>
Abolfazl
Hajibemani
1
PhD Candidate, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolah
Mirzaei
mirzaei@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Rowshan Ghasrodashti
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Memarzadeh
torabi14@gmail.com
4
Department of Formulation, Barij Medicinal Plants Research Center, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fourichon C, Seegers H, Malher X. Effect of disease on reproduction in the dairy cow: A meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2000; 53:1729-1759.
1
Lewis GS. Uterine health and disorders. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:984-994.
2
LeBlanc S, Duffield T, Leslie K, et al. Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2223-2236.
3
Sheldon I, Noakes D. Comparison of three treatments for bovine endometritis. Vet Rec 1998; 142:575-579.
4
Williams EJ, Fischer DP, Pfeiffer DU, et al. Clinical evaluation of postpartum vaginal mucus reflects uterine bacterial infection and the immune response in cattle. Theriogenology 2005; 63:102-107.
5
Sheldon I, Noakes D, Rycroft A. The vagina on uterine bacterial contamination. Vet Rec 2002; 151:531-534.
6
Kutter D, Figueiredo G, Klemmer L. Chemical detection of leukocytes in urine by means of a new multiple test strip. Clin Chem Lab Med 1987; 25:91-94.
7
Cheong S, Nydam D, Galvao K, et al. Use of reagent test strips for diagnosis of endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2012; 77:858-864.
8
Couto G, Vaillancourt D, Lefebvre R. Comparison of a leukocyte esterase test with endometrial cytology for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2013; 79:103-107.
9
Santos N, Roman H, Gilbert R. The use of leukocyte esterase reagent strips for diagnosis of subclinical endo-metritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2006; 666-667.
10
Yavari M, Haghkhah M, Ahmadi M, et al. Comparison of cervical and uterine cytology between different classifi-cation of postpartum endometritis and bacterial isolates in Holstein dairy cows. Int J Dairy Sci 2009; 4:19-26.
11
Ahmadi M, Tafti AK, Nazifi S, et al. The comparative evaluation of uterine and cervical mucosa cytology with endometrial histopathology in cows. Comp Clin Path 2005; 14:90-94.
12
Hussain A, Daniel R. Phagocytosis by uterine fluid and blood neutrophils and hematological changes in post-partum cows following normal and abnormal parturition. Theriogenology 1992; 37:1253-1267.
13
Ahmadi MR, Hosseini A, Gheisari HR, et al. Preliminary trial in treatment of postpartum endometritis with intrauterine application of hyperimmune serum in dairy cows. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2014; 4:S360-S365.
14
Gennaro R, Schneider C, De Nicola G, et al. Biochemical properties of bovine granulocytes. Exp Biol Med 1978; 157:342-347.
15
Sarkar P, Kumar H, Rawat M, et al. Effect of administration of garlic extract and PGF2 alpha on hormonal changes and recovery in endometritis cows. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006; 19:964.
16
Lefebvre RC, Stock AE. Therapeutic efficiency of antibiotics and prostaglandin F 2α in postpartum dairy cows with clinical endometritis: An evidence-based evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2012; 28:79-96.
17
Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56:125-138.
18
World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002–2005. Available at: http://www.wpro. who.int/health_technology/book_who_traditional_medicine_strategy_2002_2005.pdf. Accessed 17 Aug, 2015.
19
Saleem M. Chemical and biological screening of some relatives of lamiaceae (labiatae) family and marine alga codium iyengarii. PhD Thesis. International centre for chemical sciences HEJ research institute of chemistry, University of Karachi. Karachi, India; 2000.
20
Agnihotri S, Vaidya A. A novel approach to study antibacterial properties of volatile components of selected Indian medicinal herbs. Indian J Exp Biol 1996; 34:712-715.
21
Khosravi AR, Eslami AR, Shokri H, et al. Zataria multiflora cream for the treatment of acute vaginal candidiasis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008; 101:201-202.
22
Mansoori P, Ghavami R, Shafiei A. Clinical evaluation of Zataria multiflora essential oil mouthwash in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Daru J Pharm Sci 2002; 10:74-77.
23
Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani GA. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss extracts in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 73:379-385.
24
Moshafi MH, Mansouri S, Sharififar F, et al. Anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects of the essential oil and extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss. J Kerman Univ Med Sci 2007; 14:33-34.
25
Saleem M, Nazli R, Afza N, et al. Biological significance of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Nat Prod Res 2004; 18:493-497.
26
Shafiee A, Javidnia K. Composition of essential oil of Zataria multiflora. Planta medica 1997; 63:371-372.
27
Bahadoran P, Rokni FK, Fahami F. Investigating the therapeutic effect of vaginal cream containing garlic and thyme compared to clotrimazole cream for the treatment of mycotic vaginitis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010; 15:343.
28
Simbar M, Azarbad Z, Mojab F, et al. A comparative study of the therapeutic effects of the Zataria multiflora vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:1025-1031.
29
Kaveh A, Khelejani MV. Evaluation of histopathologic and clinical improvement effects of Zataria multiflora extract on necrotic vaginitis in postpartum dairy cows. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci 2013; 3: 28-32.
30
Ocal H, Yuksel M, Ayar A. Effects of gentamicin sulfate on the contractility of myometrium isolated from non-pregnant cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 84:269-277.
31
Steffan J, Adriamanga S, Thibier M. Treatment of metritis with antibiotics or prostaglandin F2 alpha and influence of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:1090-1094.
32
Mari G, Iacono E, Toni F, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of intrauterine treatment with formo-sulphathiazole of clinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2012; 78:189-200.
33
Bademkiran S, Kurt D, Yokus B, et al. Comparison of pelargonium sidoides, placebo and antibiotic treatment of chronic endometritis in dairy cows: A field trial. J Anim Vet Adv 2009; 8:788-793.
34
Özcan MM, Sagdıç O, Özkan G. Inhibitory effects of spice essential oils on the growth of Bacillus species. J Med Food 2006; 9:418-421.
35
Fan M, Chen J. Studies on antimicrobial activity of extracts from thyme. Acta microbiologica Sinica 2001; 41:499-504.
36
Akhound-Zadeh Basti A, Misaghi A, Gheibi S. Effects of essentialoil of Zataria multiflora on bacillus cerus growth In liquid extract of brain. Herbal Med 2005; 16:48-55.
37
Jafari S, Amanlou M, Borhan-Mojabi K, et al. Comparartive study of Zataria multiflora and Anthemis nobelis extracts with Myrthus communis preparation in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. DARU J Pharm Sci 2003;11:23-27.
38
Thurmond M, Jameson C, Picanso J. Effect of intra-uterine antimicrobial treatment in reducing calving-to-conception interval in cows with endometritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993; 203:1576-1578.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of Iraq, 2014 – 2015
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an OIE-listed (List B) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. In comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) detection. This research was conducted to detect IBV using specific primers of IB in three governorates (Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana) in the south of Iraq. Tracheal specimens were collected from 46 IB suspected commercial broiler flocks. XCE2+ and XCE2- Primers, which amplify all IBV serotypes, were used. Primers MCE1+, BCE1+ and DCE1+ were used to amplify the specific nucleotide sequences of Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 genotypes, respectively. The results of real-time RT-PCR of this study showed that 34 (74.00%) out of 46 infected flocks were positive to IBV. The results of nested PCR showed that 50.00% and 5.89% of positive samples were belonged to genotypes 793/B and Massachusetts, respectively, and the remaining positive (44.11%) were unknown. The results indicate presence of Massachusetts and 793/B IBV strains in commercial broilers in southern Iraq.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22162_bc1f6808dc832ca1a05538374730d8c1.pdf
2016-12-01
317
321
Avian infectious bronchitis
Broiler
Iraq
Real-time RT-PCR
Waleed
Seger
dr.validmajeed@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
AUTHOR
Arash
Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
ghalyana@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Karimi
vkarimi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Madadgar
omadadgar@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Vasfi Marandi
mvmarand@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Hashemzadeh
mhashemzadeh15@gmail.com
6
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Sun C, Han Z, Ma H, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in China, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by Massachusetts serotype H120 vaccine against QX-like strains. Avian Pathol 2011; 40(1): 43-54.
1
Cavanagh D. Nidovirales: A new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch virol 1996; 142(3): 629-633.
2
Bochkov YA, Batchenko GV, Shcherbakova LO, et al. Molecular epizootiology of avian infectious bronchitis in Russia. Avian Pathol 2006; 35(5): 379-393.
3
Momayez R, Pourbakhsh SA, Khodashenas M, et al. Isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus from commercial chickens. Arch Razi Ins 2002; 53: 1-10.
4
Cavanagh D, Mawditt K, Britton P, et al. Longitudinal field studies of infectious bronchitis virus and avian pneumovirus in broilers using type-specific polymerase chain reactions. Avian Pathol 1999;28(6): 593-605.
5
Adzhar A, Gough RE, Haydon D, et al. Molecular analysis of the 793/B serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in Great Britain. Avian Pathol 1997; 26(3): 625-640.
6
Worthington KJ, Currie RJ, Jones RC. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006. Avian Pathol 2008; 37(3): 247-257.
7
Cook JK, Orbell SJ, Woods MA, et al. A survey of the presence of a new infectious bronchitis virus designated 4/91 (793B). Vet Record 1996; 138(8): 178-180.
8
Al-Dabhawe AH, Kadhim HM, Samaka HM. Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis virus and it is relation with avian influenza virus (H9) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum from different geographical regions in Iraq. Iraq J Vet Sci 2013; 27(2): 97-101.
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Callison SA, Hilt DA, Boynton TO, et al. Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens. J Virol Methods 2006; 138(1): 60-65.
11
Adzhar A, Shaw K, Britton P, Cavanagh D. Universal oligonucleotides for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus by the polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology. 1996;25(4):817-836.
12
Mckinely ET. Molecular diversity, evolutionary trends, and mutation rates in avian corona virus infectious bronchitis virus. Phd Thesis. Faculty of The University of Georgia .Georgia, USA: 2009.
13
Cavanagh D, Picault JP, Gough RE, et al. Variation in the spike protein of the 793/B type of infectious bronchitis virus, in the field and during alternate passage in chickens and embryonated eggs. Avian Pathol 2005; 34(1): 20-25.
14
Dolz R, Pujols J, Ordónez G, et al. Molecular epidemiology and evolution of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Spain over a fourteen-year period. J Virol 2008; 374(1): 50-59.
15
Farsang A, Ros C, Renström LH, et al. Molecular epizootiology of infectious bronchitis virus in Sweden indicating the involvement of a vaccine strain. Avian Pathol 2002; 31(3): 229-236.
16
Hopkins SR, Yoder HW Jr. Reversion to virulence of chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. Avian Dis 1986; 30(1): 221-223.
17
Bochkov YA, Tosi G, Massi P, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S1 and N gene sequences of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Italy revealed genetic diversity and recombination. Virus Genes 2007; 35(1): 65-71.
18
Armesto M, Evans S, Cavanagh D, et al. A Recombinant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Expressing a Heterologous Spike Gene Belonging to the 4/91 Serotype. PLoS ONE 2011; 6(8): e24352.
19
Benyeda Z, Szeredi L, Mató T et al. Comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of QX-like, Massachusetts and 793/B serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143(4): 276-283.
20
Jackwood MW. Review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world. Avian Dis 2012; 56(4): 634-641
21
Nouri A, Assasi K, Seyfi-abad Shapouri MR. Field study of infectious bronchitis virus in broiler using type-specific RT-PCR. Arch Razi Ins 2003; 55: 1-10.
22
Shoushtari AH, Toroghi R, Momayez R, et al. 793/B type, the predominant circulating type of avian infectious bronchitis viruses 1999-2004 in Iran: A retrospective study. Arch Razi Ins 2008; 63(1): 1-5.
23
Jahantigh M, Salari S, Hedayati M. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in broiler chickens. Springer Plus 2013; 2(1): 36.
24
Gharaibeh SM. Infectious bronchitis virus serotypes in poultry flocks in Jordan. Prev Vet Med 2007; 78(3): 317-324.
25
Roussan DA, Totanji WS, Khawaldeh GY. Molecular subtype of infectious bronchitis virus in broiler flocks in Jordan. Poult Sci 2008; 87(4): 661-664.
26
Cavanagh D. Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. Avian Pathol 2005; 34(6): 439-448.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrogen sulfide upregulated mRNA expressions of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter1, trefoil factor1 and trefoil factor2 in gastric mucosa in rats
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa through several protective mechanisms but till now its effect on mRNA expression of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBC1), trefoil factor1 (TFF1) and trefoil factor2 (TFF2) was not investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of H2S on mRNA expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2 in rat gastric mucosa in response to gastric distention. Thirty two rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups. They were control (C), distention (D), propargylglycine (PAG)-, and NaHS-treated groups. To evaluate the effect of exogenous and endogenous H2S on gene expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2, two groups of rats were received H2S donor, intra-peritoneal NaHS (80 µg Kg-1), and PAG (50 mg kg-1), accompanied to stimulate the gastric acid secretion, respectively. Under general anesthesia and laparotomy, a catheter was inserted into the stomach through duodenum for instillation of isotonic saline for gastric distention. Ninety min after beginning the experiment, animals were sacrificed and the gastric mucosa was collected to determine total acid content of gastric effluents and to quantify the mRNA expression of studied genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that A) gastric distention increased the level of mRNA expressions of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2; B) these levels in NaHS-treated rats were significantly higher than those in Distention group; and C) PAG decreased the expression levels of NBC1 and TFF1. The Findings showed H2S upregulated gene expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2 in gastric mucosa.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22158_1ce75a17f1657614c6ebe14bacdc4fee.pdf
2016-12-01
323
328
NaHS
Propargylglycine
Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1
Trefoil factor1
Trefoil factor2
Parisa
Cheraghi
parisa.cheraghi90@gmail.com
1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Ali
Mard
mard-sa@ajums.ac.ir
2
Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tahereh
Nagi
niloofarneisi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Wallace JL. Hydrogen sulfide: A rescue molecule for mucosal defence and repair. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57(6):1432-1434.
1
Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Distrutti E, et al. Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide generation contributes to gastric injury caused by anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs. Gastroenterology 2005; 129(4):1210-1224.
2
Mard SA, Veisi A, Ahangarpour A, et al. Gastric acid induces mucosal H2S release in rats by upregulating mRNA and protein expression of cystathionine gamma lyase. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65(6):545-554.
3
Gyires K, Toth VE, Zadori SZ. Gastric mucosal protection: From the periphery to the central nervous system. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66(3): 319-329.
4
Takeuchi K, Ise F, Takahashi K, et al. H2S-induced HCO3− secretion in the rat stomach– Involvement of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46: 157-164.
5
Mard SA, Askari H, Neisi N, et al. Antisecretory effect of hydrogen sulfide on gastric acid secretion and the involvement of nitric oxide. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 480921.
6
Mard SA, Maleki M, Askari H. Inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion by hydrogen sulfide in male rats. Adaptive Med 2014; 6(4): 157-160.
7
Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A. Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection: Bench to bedside. Gastroenterology 2008; 135(1): 41-60.
8
Allen A, Flemstrom G. Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: Protection against acid and pepsin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288(1): 1-19.
9
Sands B, Podolsky D. The trefoil peptide family. Ann Rev Physiol 1996; 58(1): 253-273.
10
Taupin D, Podolsky DK. Trefoil factors: Initiators of mucosal healing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003; 4(9): 721-732.
11
Hoffmann W. Trefoil factors TFF (trefoil factor family) peptide-triggered signals promoting mucosal restitution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62(24): 2932-2938.
12
Hoffmann W. Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides: Regulators of mucosal regeneration and repair, and more. Peptides 2004; 25(5): 727-730.
13
Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ, et al. Role of spasmolytic polypeptide in healing of stress-induced gastric lesions in rats. Regul Pept 1997;68(1): 71-79.
14
Farrel JJ, Taupin D, Koh TJ, et al. TFF2/SP-deficient mice show decreased gastric proliferation, increased acid secretion, and increased susceptibility to NSAID injury. J Clin Invest 2002; 109(2): 193-204.
15
Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Medical physiology. 2nd updated edition E-book. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences 2012; 903-904.
16
Flemstrom, G. Active alkalinization by amphibian gastric fundic mucosa in vitro. Am J Physiol 1977; 233(1): E1-E12.
17
Magierowski M, Jasnos K, Kwiecien S, et al. Endogenous prostaglandins and afferent sensory nerves in gastroprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide against stress-induced gastric lesions. PLoS One 2015; 10(3): e0118972.
18
Johnson LR. Gerwin TA. Gastrointestinal physiology. 8th ed. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences 2013; 17-20.
19
Khan ZE, Wang TC, Cui G, et al. Transcriptional regulation of the human trefoil factor, TFF1, by gastrin. Gastroenterology 2003; 125(2): 510-521.
20
Tu S, Chi AL, Lim S, et al. Gastrin regulates the TFF2 promoter through gastrin-responsive cis-acting elements and multiple signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292(6): 1726-1737.
21
Shimada T, Fujii Y, Koike T, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) expression in gastric epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39(3):626-637.
22
Mard SA, Neisi N, Solgi G, et al. Gastroprotective effect of NaHS against mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57(6):1496-1503.
23
Fujii Y, Shimada T, Koitabashi A, et al. General session II Moderated by Yashihiro Takami: down‐regulation of TFF expression by TNF‐α in gastric epithelial cells. Wound Repair Regen 2005; 13(1): doi: 10.1111/j. 1067-1927.2005.130116a.x.
24
Cobler L, Cobler L, Mejías-Luque R, et al. Activation of the NF-kB pathway downregulates TFF-1 in gastric carcinogenesis. Virchows Arch 2013; 463(4): 497-507.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Age and sex distribution of Dirofilaria immitis among dogs in Meshkin-Shahr, northwest Iran and molecular analysis of the isolates based on COX1 gene
Dirofilaria immitis is an important filarial nematode in dogs. In this study, age and sex distribution of this zoonotic nematode among dogs were investigated in northwest of Iran in Meshkin-Shahr city. Molecular characteristics of the isolates, based on cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene were compared to the isolates from other areas of the world.Blood samples were collected from 91 dogs which were selected by simple classified accidental sampling. Thin and thick blood smear examinations were used to find out infectivity with D. immitis. DNA extraction was performed from adult D. immitis recovered from heart of infected dogs. The COX1 gene was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using sequences obtained in this study along with relevant sequences deposited in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence variation was performed using MEGA software in comparison with those COX1 sequences deposited in GenBank. Out of 91 dogs, 19 (20.87%) were found positive for infection with D. immitis. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females of dogs in terms of D. immitis infection. However, the rate of infection in dogs more than 2 years old was significantly higher than those with lower age. Both sequences analyzed in this study showed 100% homology to each other. Intra-species variation of these isolates with those from other areas of the world amounted to 0 to 0.50%. Phylogenetic analysis of the COX1 gene suggested that it is conserved, and can be used for study on genetic diversity and classification of filarial nematodes.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22165_01b3ec007a1291db8881f214a652bb70.pdf
2016-12-01
329
334
Dirofilaria immitis
Dog
Meshkin-Shahr
Molecular analysis
Zabiholah
Zarei
zzoozz100@gmail.com
1
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Eshrat
Beigom Kia
2
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Heidari
zahra61.h@gmail.com
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Fattaneh
Mikaeili
4
Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mohebali
mohebali@sina.tums.ac.ir
5
Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Meysam
Sharifdini
sharifdini@gums.ac.ir
6
Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Simon F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchon R, et al. Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25(3): 507-544.
1
Ledesma N, Harrington L. Mosquito vectors of dog heartworm in the United States: Vector status and factors influencing transmission efficiency. Top Companion Anim Med 2011;26(4):178-185.
2
McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer LH, et al. Heartworm disease in animals and humans. Adv Parasitol 2008; 66: 193-285.
3
Kassai T. Veterinary helminthology. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann 1999; 121-124.
4
Arbune M, Dobre M. Dirofilariasis - an emergent human parasitosis in Romania. Acta Parasitol 2015; 60(3): 485-487.
5
Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Brianti E, et al. Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6: 16.
6
Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Dirofilariosis in the Americas: A more virulent Dirofilaria immitis? Parasit Vectors 2013; 6(1): 288.
7
Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Hekmatkhah A. A study on filariasis of stray dogs in Garmsar. J Vet Res 2007; 62(4): 73-76.
8
Jafari S, Gaur NS, Khaksar Z. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis on dog of Fars province of Iran. J Appl Anim Res 1996; 9(1): 27-31.
9
Meshgi B, Eslami A. Study on filariasis of sheepdogs around of Tehran. J Fac Vet Med Tehran Univ 2001; 55(4): 53-57.
10
Meshgi B, Eslami A, Ashrafi Helan J. Epidemiological survey of blood filariae in rural and urban dogs of Tabriz. J Fac Vet Med Tehran Univ 2002; 57(4):59-63.
11
Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Eslami A, Meshgi B, et al. Study on blood filaria of dogs in Tonekabon. J Fac Vet Med Tehran Univ 2005; 60(4): 353-356.
12
Razmi G. Study on situation of infection to dogs of Mashhad to types of filaria. J Fac Vet Med Tehran Univ 1999; 54(1): 5-7.
13
Ranjbar-Bahadori S, Veshgini A, Shirani D, et al. Epidemiological aspects of canine dirofilariasis in the north of iran. Iran J Parasitol 2011; 6(1): 73-80.
14
Malmasi A, Hosseini SH, Aramoon M, et al. Survey of canine Dirofilaria immitis infection in Caspian provinces of Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2011; 12(4): 340-344.
15
Bokaie S, Mobed I, Mohebali M, et al. A study of dirofilariasis prevalence in dogs in Meshkin- Shahr area, northwest Iran. J Fac Vet Med Tehran Univ 1998; 53(1, 2): 23-26.
16
Bohloli Oskoii S, Sadeghi E, Hashemian AH, et al. Study on Shepherd dog dirofilariosis in Kermanshah province in 2011-2012. J Vet Lab Res 2013; 5(1): 47-54.
17
Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, et al. Distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol 2009; 23(2): 111-121.
18
Tafti MF, Hajilary A, Siatiri H, et al. Ocular dirofilariasis, a case report. Iran J Vet Res 2010; 5(3): 64-68.
19
Jamshidi A, Jamshidi M, Mobedi I, et al. Periocular dirofilariasis in a young woman: A case report. Korean J Parasitol 2008; 46(4): 265-267.
20
Salahi-Moghaddam A, Mohebali M, Moshfae A, et al. Ecological study and risk mapping of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Iran based on a geographical information systems approach. Geospat Health 2010; 5(1): 71-77.
21
Sharifdini M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, et al. Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Meshkin-Shahr district, Northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis 2011; 5(2): 60-68.
22
Casiraghi M, Anderson TJ, Bandi C, et al. A phylogenetic analysis of filarial nematodes: Comparison with the phylogeny of Wolbachia endosymbionts. J Parasitol 2001; 122(1): 93-103.
23
BLAST: Basic local alignment search tool. Available at: http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi. Accessed Feb 02, 2016.
24
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, et al. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28(10): 2731-2739.
25
Heidari Z, Kia EB, Arzamani K, et al. Morphological and molecular identification of Dirofilaria immitis from Jackal (Canis aureus) in North Khorasan, Northeast Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52(4): 329-333.
26
Magnis J, Lorentz S, Guardone L, et al. Morphometric analyses of canine blood microfilariae isolated by the Knott's test enables Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species-specific and Acanthocheilonema (syn. Dipetalonema) genus-specific diagnosis. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6: 48.
27
Liu C, Yang N, He J, et al. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Korean J Parasitol 2013; 51(3): 375-377.
28
Razi Jalali MH, Alborzi A, Avizeh R, et al. A study on Dirofilaria immitis in healthy urban dogs from Ahvaz, Iran. Iran J Vet Res 2010; 11(4): 357-362.
29
Hou H, Shen G, Wu W, et al. Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Dandong, China. Vet parasitol 2011; 183(1-2): 189-193.
30
Fan CK, Su KE, Lin YH, et al. Seroepidemiologic survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among domestic dogs in Taipei city and mountain aboriginal districts in Taiwan (1998-1999). Vet parasitol 2001; 102(1-2): 113-120.
31
Mikaeili F, Mirhendi H, Mohebali M, et al. Sequence variation in mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes of ascaridoid nematodes in cats and dogs from Iran. J Helminthol 2015; 89(4): 496-501.
32
Wang ZQ, Li LZ, Jiang P, et al. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trichinella isolates from different provinces in mainland China. Parasitol Res 2012; 110(2): 753-757.
33
Bazh EK. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Heterakis gallinae from native chickens in Egypt. Parasitol Res 2013; 112(10): 3557-3560.
34
Huang H, Wang T, Yang G, et al. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Dirofilaria immitis of China based on COI and 12S rDNA genes. Vet parasitol 2009;160(1-2):175-179.
35
Liu T, Liang Y, Zhong X, et al. Intraspecific genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis of Dirofilaria immitis samples from western China using complete ND1 and 16S rDNA gene sequences. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90(6): 1176-1179.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evidence of morphine like substance and μ-opioid receptor expression in Toxacara canis (Nematoda: Ascaridae)
Toxocara canis (Nematoda: Ascaridae) is an intestinal nematode parasite of dogs, which can also cause disease in humans. Transmission to humans usually occurs because of direct contact with T. canis eggs present in soil contaminated with the feces of infected dogs. This nematode has extraordinary abilities to survive for many years in different tissues of vertebrates, and develop to maturity in the intestinal tract of its definitive host. Survival of parasitic nematodes within a host requires immune evasion using complicated pathways. Morphine-like substance, as well as opioids, which are known as down regulating agents, can modulate both innate and acquired immune responses, and let the parasite survives in their hosts. In the present study, we aimed to find evidences of morphine-like substance and µ-opiate receptor expression in T. canis, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicated that T. canis produced morphine-like substances at the level of 2.31± 0.26 ng g-1 wet weight, and expressed µ-opiate receptor as in expected size of 441 bp. According to our findings, it was concluded that T. canis, benefits using morphine-like substance to modulate host immunity.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22166_12a5faa79a57f3089b3ab4afa938e038.pdf
2016-12-01
335
339
HPLC
Immune modulation
Morphine-like substance
RT-PCR
Toxacara canis
Mostafa
Golabi
m.golabi.vet@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Soraya
Naem
sorayanaem@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Imani
m.imani@urmia.ac.ir
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Nowruz
Dalirezh
4
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Goumon Y, Casares F, Pryor S, et al. Ascaris suum, an intestinal parasite, produces morphine. J Immunol 2000; 165(1): 339-343.
1
Colley DG, LoVerde PT, Savioli L. Medical helminthology in the 21st century. Science 2001; 293(5534): 1437-1438.
2
Capron A, Dessaint JP, Capron M, et al. Immunity to schistosomes: Progress toward vaccine. Science 1987; 238(4830): 1065-1072.
3
Pryor SC, Henry S, Sarfo J. Endogenous morphine and parasitic helminthes. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11(6): RA183-189.
4
Sacerdote P. Opioids and the immune system. Palliat Med 2006; 20 (Suppl 1): 9-15.
5
Stefano GB, Scharrer B, Smith EM, et al. Opioid and opiate immunoregulatory processes. Crit Rev Immunol 1996; 16(2): 109-144.
6
Laurent V, Salzet B, Verger-Bocquet M, et al. Morphine-like substance in leech ganglia. Evidence and immune modulation. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267(8):2354-2361.
7
Sonetti D, Mola L, Casares F, et al. Endogenous morphine levels increase in molluscan neural and immune tissues after physical trauma. Brain Res 1999; 835(2): 137-147.
8
Soulsby EJL, Mönnig HO. Helminths, arthropods, and protozoa of domesticated animals. London, UK: Baillière, Tindall & Cassell 1968; 380-396.
9
Maizels RM. Toxocara canis: Molecular basis of immune recognition and evasion. Vet Parasitol 2013; 193(4): 365-374.
10
Pawlowski Z. Toxocariasis in humans: Clinical expression and treatment dilemma. J Helminthol 2001; 75(4): 299-305.
11
Armour J, Duncan JL, Dunn AM, et al. Veterinary parasitology. 4th ed. New York, USA: Wiley 1996; 240-235.
12
Pinelli E, Aranzamendi C. Toxocara infection and its association with allergic manifestations. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2012; 12(1): 33-44.
13
Stefano GB, Salzet M. Invertebrate opioid precursors: Evolutionary conservation and the significance of enzymatic processing. Int Rev Cytol 1999; 187:261-286.
14
Bowman JW, Winterrowd CA, Friedman AR, et al. Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effects of SDPNFLRF-amide, a nematode FMRFamide-related neuropeptide, in Ascaris suum. J Neurophysiol 1995; 74(5):1880-1888.
15
Mard SA, Neisi N, Solgi G, et al. Gastroprotective effect of NaHS against mucosal lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57(6):1496-1503.
16
Mard SA, Veisi A, Ahangarpour A, et al. Gastric acid induces mucosal H2S release in rats by upregulating mRNA and protein expression of cystathionine gamma lyase. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65(6): 545-554.
17
Stefano GB, Scharrer B. The presence of the mu3 opiate receptor in invertebrate neural tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1996; 113(3): 369-373.
18
Zhu W, Pryor SC, Putnam J, et al. Opiate alkaloids and nitric oxide production in the nematode Ascaris suum. J Parasitol 2004; 90(1): 15-22.
19
Sacerdote P, Bianchi M, Gaspani L, et al. The effects of tramadol and morphine on immune responses and pain after surgery in cancer patients. Anesth Analg 2000; 90(6): 1411-1414.
20
Budd K. Pain, the immune system, and opioimmuno-toxicity. Rev Analg 2004; 8(1): 1-10.
21
Fecho K, Maslonek KA, Dykstra LA, et al. Assessment of the involvement of central nervous system and peripheral opioid receptors in the immunomodulatory effects of acute morphine treatment in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276(2): 626-636.
22
Flores LR, Hernandez MC, Bayer BM. Acute immuno-suppressive effects of morphine: Lack of involvement of pituitary and adrenal factors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 268(3): 1129-1134.
23
Roy S, Ramakrishnan S, Loh HH, et al. Chronic morphine treatment selectively suppresses macro-phage colony formation in bone marrow. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 195(3): 359-363.
24
Stefano GB, Digenis A, Spector S, et al. Opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, an opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90(23):11099-11103.
25
Leung MK, Dissous C, Capron A, et al. Schistosoma mansoni: The presence and potential use of opiate-like substances. Exp Parasitol 1995; 81(2): 208-215.
26
Zhu W, Baggerman G, Secor WE, et al. Dracunculus medinensis and Schistosoma mansoni contain opiate alkaloids. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2002; 96(3): 309-316.
27
Pryor SC, Elizee R. Evidence of opiates and opioid neuropeptides and their immune effects in parasitic invertebrates representing three different phyla: Schistosoma mansoni, Theromyzon tessulatum, Trichinella spiralis. Acta Biol Hung 2000; 51(2-4): 331-341.
28
Cadet P, Stefano GB. Mytilus edulis pedal ganglia express mu opiate receptor transcripts exhibiting high sequence identity with human neuronal mu1. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999; 74(1-2): 242-246.
29
Bueno L, Fioramonti J. Action of opiates on gastrointestinal function. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 2(1): 123-139.
30
Merlin MD. On the trail of the ancient opium poppy. Vol II. New Jersey, USA: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 1984; 170.
31
Wood JD, Galligan JJ. Function of opioids in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004; 16(Suppl 2): 17-28.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broilers chicken flocks of Khuzestan, Iran
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a bacterium associated with respiratory disease, growth retardation, decreased egg production and mortality in chickens and turkeys. The objective of this study was isolation, identification and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of ORT bacterium in slaughtered broilers chicken flocks based on cultural and molecular tests in Khuzestan province, south-west of Iran. A total of 210 tracheal swab samples were collected from 21 broiler flocks slaughtered in abattoirs of the province. The results of cultural and biochemical tests showed that 23 (10.95%) isolates from tracheal swabs of 4 flocks (19.04%) were identified as ORT, but according to molecular characterization, 18 (8.57%) ORT isolates were positive in PCR assay and produced the predicted 784 bp amplification product. Finally, using the disk diffusion method, the drug resistance patterns of ORT isolates were determined against a panel of commonly used antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that all isolates (100%) were sensitive to tetracycline, florfenicol and cephalexin. The highest antimicrobial resistance (89.00%) was seen for fosfomycin, sultrim and gentamicin. The results of present research showed that there was significant difference between the isolation rates of ORT from various areas of the province. As well, our findings indicated that the simultaneous use of both cultural and molecular techniques results in more comprehensive outcomes in the isolation and identification of the organismfrom understudy hosts.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22169_f61d81fa09028984f653f622597a61f6.pdf
2016-12-01
341
346
Antimicrobial sensitivity
Broiler chicken
Iran
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Polymerase chain reaction
Mansour
Mayahi
m_mayahi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Darioush
Gharibi
dr.gharibi@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rahim
Ghadimipour
rd.rvsri@gmail.com
3
PhD Candidate of Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Forough
Talazadeh
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Markey BK, Leonard FC, Archambault M et al. Clinical veterinary microbiology. 2nd ed. London, UK:Mosby 2013: 404-405.
1
Van Empel PC, Hafez MH. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Avian Pathol 1999; 28(3): 217-227.
2
Hoerr FJ. Clinical aspects of immunosuppression in poultry. Avian Dis 2010; 54(1): 2-15.
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Van Beek P. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), clinical aspects in broilers and turkeys. In: Annual meeting of the veterinary study group of the EU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 1994.
4
Joubert P, Higgins R, Laperle A, et al. Isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from turkeys in Quebec, Canada. Avian Dis 1999; 43(3): 622-626.
5
Sakai E, Tokuyma Y, Nonaka F, et al. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in Japan: Preliminary investigations. Vet Record 2000; 146(17): 502-503.
6
Turan N, Ak S. Investigation of the presence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in chickens in Turkey and determination of the seroprevalence of the infection using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Avian Dis 2002; 46(2): 442-446.
7
Banani M, Khaki P, Goodarzi H, et al. Isolation and identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from a broiler and a pullet flock [Persian]. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi 2000; 46: 106-109.
8
Banani M, Pourbakhsh SA, Khaki P, et al. Serotyping and drug sensitivity of Salmonellae isolates from commercial chickens and domestic pigeons submitted to Razi institute [Persian]. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi 2003; 59: 91-99.
9
Banani M, Pourbakhsh SA, Khaki P, et al. Isolation and identification of bacterial agents in commercial chickens suffered from swollen head and face. Iran J Vet Res 2004; 9: 49-61.
10
Allymehr M. Seroprevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in broiler and broiler breeder chickens in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. J Vet Med 2006; 53(1): 40-42.
11
Asadpour Y, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Pourbakhsh SA, et al. Isolation and identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler breeder flocks of Guilan province, north of Iran. Pakistan J Biol Sci 2008; 11(11): 1487-1491.
12
Banani M, Pourbakhsh SA, Erami M, et al. Diagnosis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J Vet Res 2009; 64: 41-45.
13
Hassanzadeh M, Karimi V, Fallah N, et al. Molecular characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from broiler chicken flocks of Iran. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2010; 34(4): 373-378.
14
Van Empel PCM, Van Den Bosch H, Loeffen P, et al. Identification and serotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. J Clinic Microbiol 1997; 35(2): 418-421.
15
Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals; Approved Standard, 3rd ed. CLSI document M31-A3. Wayne, USA; CLSI 2008.
16
Ozbey G, Ongor H, Balik DT, et al. Investigations on Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler flocks in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey. Vet Med-Czech 2004; 49(8): 305-311.
17
Erganis O, Hadimli HH, Kav K, et al. A comparative study on detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale antibodies in meat type turkeys by dot immuno binding assay, rapid agglutination test and serum agglutination test. Avian Pathol 2002; 31(2): 201-204.
18
Turkyilmaz S. Isolation and serotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from poultry. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2005; 29: 1299-1304.
19
Roussan DA, Al-Rifai RH, Khawaldeh GY, et al. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Mycoplasma synoviae in broiler chickens in Jordan. Rev Sci Tech 2011; 30(3): 931-937.
20
Asadpour Y, Banani M, Pourbakhsh SA. Isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity determination of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in slaughtering broiler chicken flocks of Guilan province. Iran J Vet Res 2011; 12(4): 345-349.
21
Barin M, Pourbakhsh SA, Banani M, et al. Isolation, identification and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Babol commercial broiler flocks [Persian]. Vet J Islamic Azad Univ Garmsar Branch 2008; 4(4): 165-169.
22
Seifi S. Seroprevalece and isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealein broiler flocks in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Bulgar J Vet Med 2012; 15(3): 184-190.
23
Ghaemmaghami SSH, VandeYousefi J, Niroumand H, et al. Survey of prevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler farms affected with respiratory disorders in Markazi province [Persian]. J Vet Res 2007; 62(5): 297-300.
24
Jamshidian M, Mayahi M. Isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from broilers in Ahvaz [Persian]. Iran Vet J 2008; 4: 29-36.
25
Banani M, Pourbakhsh SA, Khaki P. Characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates from commercial chickens. Arc Razi Inst 2001; 52: 27-34.
26
Canal CW, Leao JA, Ferreira DJ, et al. Prevalence of antibodies against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broilers and breeders in southern Brazil. Avian Dis 2003; 47(3): 731-737.
27
Chansiripornchai N, Wanasawaeng W, Sasipreeyajan J. Seroprevalence and identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in Thailand. Avian Dis 2007; 51(3): 777-780.
28
Ghanbarpour R, Salehi M. Seroprevalence and identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler flocks in south-eastern Iran. Tropic Anim Health Prod 2009; 41(8): 1679-1683.
29
Hafez H. Diagnosis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Int J Poult Sci 2002; 1(5): 114-118.
30
Devriese LA, Hommez J, Vandamme P, et al. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains from poultry and wild birds. Vet Record 1995; 137(17): 435-436.
31
Soriano V, Vera N, Salado C, et al. In vitro susceptibility of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to several anti-microbial drugs. Avian Dis 2003; 47(2): 476-480.
32
Tsai HJ, Huang CW. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from chickens and pigeons in Taiwan. Avian Dis 2006; 50(4): 502-507.
33
Mirzaie S, Hassanzdeh M, Bozorgmehrifard MH, et al. Isolation and characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in the commercial turkey, quail flocks and domestic pigeons by bacteriological and molecular methods. Arc Razi Inst 2011; 66(2): 121-127.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of soy milk on circulating 17- β estradiol, number of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus and determination of their ratio in neonatal ovariectomized rats
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy milk on serum 17- β estradiol level and number of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as determination of the ratio of neurons in cortical and hippocampal regions in neonatal ovariectomized rats. Thirty female rats (one day old) were divided into six groups of five. At day 7, ovariectomy surgery was performed in four groups and two other groups were assumed as sham and control groups. Three groups of ovareictomaized rats were fed with soy milk at the doses of 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 mL kg-1 per day since they were 14. At day 60, the blood samples were collected to measure the17- β estradiol concentration, and then the brain of rats were prepared for histological studies. The serum 17- β estradiol level significantly increased in ovariectomized rats fed with soy milk compared to ovariectomized rats with no soy milk supplementation. In addition, the results showed that soy milk significantly increased the number of neurons in CA1, CA2 and dentate gyrus regions of hippocampus and granular layer of cerebral cortex in ovariectomized rats, whereas there was no significant change in number of neurons in CA3 zone of hippocampus and molecular, pyramidal and multiform layers of cerebral cortex in ovariectomized rats fed with soy milk. The ratio of cerebral cortex neurons to hippocampal neurons had no significant changes among the experimental groups.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22172_6d871f1e4fa149df07e03aa9ec1300d0.pdf
2016-12-01
347
351
17- β estradiol
Hippocampus
neuron
Rat
Soy milk
Behrokh
Marzban Abbasabadi
b.marzban@ausmt.ac.ir
1
Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mina
Tadjalli
2
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
De Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, et al. Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in post-menopausal women in the US: The Framingham study (1-4). J Nutr 2001; 131(6): 1826-1832.
1
Henderson BE, Bernstein L. The international variation in breast cancer rates: An epidemiological assessment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991; 18(1): S11- S17.
2
Maskarinec S. The effect of phytoestrogens on hot flashes. Nutr Bytes 2003; 9(2): 2-5.
3
Ziegler RG. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(2): 183-184.
4
Zhao L, Brinton RD. WHI and WHIMS follow-up and human studies of soy isoflavones on cognition. Exp Rev Neurother 2007; 7 (11): 1549-1564.
5
Cederroth CR, Nef S. Soy phytoestrogens and metabolism: A review. Mol Cell Endocr 2009; 304 (1-2): 30-42.
6
Panchal V. Phytochemicals and flavor profiles of soy-milk. MS Thesis. South Dakota State University 2009.
7
Abbasnejad M, Hosenzadeh M, Esmaeili- Mahani S. Commonly used laboratory animals. 1st ed. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Publications 2012; 76.
8
Lovekamp-swan T, Gglendenning ML, Schreihofer DA. A high soy diet enhances neurotropin receptor and Bcl-XL gene expression in the brains of ovariectomized female rats. Brain Res 2007; 1159: 54-66.
9
Nilsen J, Irwin RW, Gallaher TK, et al. Estradiol in vivo regulation of brain mitochondrial proteome. J Neurosci 2007; 27(51): 14069-14077.
10
Irwin RW, Yao J, Hamilton RT, et al. Progesterone and estrogen regulate oxidative metabolism in brain mito-chondria. Endocrinology 2008; 149(6): 3167-3175.
11
Yao J, Irwin RW, Zhao L, et al. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit precedes Alzheimer's pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106 (34): 14670-14675.
12
Simpkins JW, Dykens JA. Mitochondrial mechanisms of estrogen neuroprotection. Brain Res Rev 2008; 57(2): 421-430.
13
Garcia-Segura LM, Azcoitia I, DonCarlos LL. Neuro-protection by estradiol. Prog Neurobiol 2001; 63(1): 29-60.
14
Cohen LA, Crespin JS, Wolper C, et al. Soy isoflavone intake and estrogen excretion patterns in young women: Effect of probiotic administration. In Vivo 2007; 21(3); 507-512.
15
Wood CE, Register TC, Cline JM. Soy isoflavonoid effects on endogenous estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal female monkeys. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28(4): 801-808.
16
Chiechi LM, Putignano G, Guerra V, et al. The effect of a soy rich diet on the vaginal epithelium in post-menopause: A randomized double blind trial. Maturitas 2003; 45(4): 241-246.
17
Pan Y, Anthony M, Clarckson TB. Evidence for up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA by soy phytoestrogens in the frontal cortex of retired breeder female rats. Neurosci Lett 1999; 261(1-2): 17-20.
18
Van Elzakker M, O’Reilly RC, Rudy JW. Transitivity, flexibility, conjunctive representations, and the hippocampus. I. An empirical analysis. Hippocampus 2003; 13(3): 334-340.
19
Izquierdo I, Cammarota M, Medina JH, et al. Pharmacological findings on the biochemical bases of memory processes: A general view. Neural Plast 2004; 11(3-4): 159-189.
20
Zachepilo TG, Inykh YFI, Lopatina NG, et al. Comparative analysis of the locations of the NR1 and NR2 NMDA receptor subunit in honeybee (Apis mellifera) and fruit fly (Drosophila Melanogaster, Canton-S Wild-Type) cerebral ganglia. Neurosci Behav Physiol 2008; 38(4): 369-372.
21
Wang CN, Chi CW, Lin YL, et al. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens on amyloid beta protein induced toxicity are mediated by abrogating the activation of cascade in rat cortical neurons. J Biol Chem 2001; 276(7): 5287-5295.
22
Gelinas S, Martinoli MG. Neuroprotective effect of estradiol and phytoestrogens on MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 2002; 70(1): 90-96.
23
Linford NJ, Dorsa DM. 17beta-Estradiol and the phytoestrogen genistein attenuate neural apoptosis induced by the endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPaseinhibitor thapsigargin. Steroids 2002; 67(13-14): 1029-1040.
24
Zhao L, Chen Q, Diaz Brinton R. Neuroprotective and neurotrophic efficacy of phytoestrogens in cultured hippocampal neurons. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2002; 227(7): 509-519.
25
Zeng H, Chen Q, Zhao B. Genistein ameliorates β-amyloid peptide (25-35)-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Free Radical Biol Med 2004; 36(2): 180-188.
26
Schreihofer DA, Redmond L. Soy phytoestrogens are neuroprotective against stroke-like injury in vitro. Neurosci 2009; 158(2): 602-609.
27
Lund TD, West TW, Tian LY, et al. Visual spatial memory is enhanced in female rats (but inhibited in males) by dietary soy phytoestrogens. BMC Neurosci 2001; 2: 20.
28
Lephart ED, West TW, Weber KS, et al. Neurobihavorial effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2002; 24(1): 5-16.
29
Perez-Martin M, Salazar V, Castillo C, et al. Estradiol and soy extract increase the production of new cells in the dentate gyrus of old rats. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40(5): 450-453.
30
Luine VN, Wallace ME, Frankfurt M. Age-related deficits in spatial memory and hippocampal spines in virgin, female Fischer 344-rats. Current Gerontol Geriatric Res 2011; doi:10.1155/2011/316386.
31
Bagheri M, Roghani M, Joghataei MT, et al. Genistein inhibits aggregation of exogenous amyloid-beta1-40 and alleviates astrogliosis in the hippocampus of rats. Brain Res 2012; 1429: 145-154.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spondylitis in broiler breeder farms in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran: Clinical Report
Spondylitis is a reemerging epidemic spinal infection in male broiler chickens (5 to 7 weeks of age) as well as broiler breeder roosters (15 to 18 weeks of age). Among various causative agents, Enterococcus species and in particular E. cecorum, a gram-positive bacterium as a gastrointestinal flora of birds, have mostly been isolated. On late September 2015, a number of 10 weeks old roosters with characteristic clinical signs of lameness and hock-sitting posture were autopsied. During thorough general routine post-mortem examinations, abnormalities like nodular masses correlated well with the hock-sitting posture and posterior paresis/paralysis were observed in joint spaces on the caudal thoracic vertebral column (T6-T7) immediately anterior to the kidneys in all affected birds. At histopathological examinations, osteomyelitis with limited pathological lesions including mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration and edema in spinal cord were seen and the infection was diagnosed as an acute spondylosis.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22168_c457c4845f12fbee3579511e853dae27.pdf
2016-12-01
353
355
Broiler breeder
Iran
Kinky back
Spondylitis
West-Azerbaijan
Alireza
Talebi
a.talebi@urmia.ac.ir
1
Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jafar
Taifebagherlu
2
DVSc Candidate, Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Arian
Sharifi
sharifi.aryan@gmail.com
3
PhD Candidate, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Delkhosh-Kasmaie
fateme_kasmaie@yahoo.com
4
PhD Candidate, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Aziz T, Barnes HJ. Is spondylitis an emerging disease in broiler breeders? World Poult 2007; 23(12): 44-45.
1
Aziz T, Barnes HJ. Spondylitis is emerging in broilers. World Poult 2009; 25: 14.
2
Armour NK, Collett SR, Williams SM. Enterococcus cecorum-related arthritis and osteomyelitis in broilers and broiler breeders. Georgia, United States: The Poultry Informed Professional 2011; 117: 1-10.
3
Aitchison H, Poolman P, Coetzer M, et al. Enterococcal-related vertebral osteoarthritis in South African broiler breeders: A case report. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2014; 85(1): 2-5.
4
Stalker MJ, Brash ML, Weisz A, et al. Arthritis and osteomyelitis associated with Enterococcus cecorum infection in broiler and broiler breeder chickens in Ontario, Canada. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22(4): 643-645.
5
Martin LT, Martin MP, Barnes HJ. Experimental reproduction of enterococcal spondylitis in male broiler breeder chickens.Avian Dis 2011; 55(2): 273-278.
6
Makrai L, Nemes C, Simon A, et al. Association of Enterococcus cecorum with vertebral osteomyelitis and spondylolisthesis in broiler parent chicks. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59(1): 11-21.
7
Robbins KM, Suyemoto MM, Lyman RL, et al. An outbreak and source investigation of enterococcal spondylitis in broilers caused by Enterococcus cecorum. Avian Dis 2012; 56(4): 768-773.
8
Jung A, Rautenschlein S. Comprehensive report of an Enterococcus cecorum infection in a broiler flock in Northern Germany. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10: 311.
9
Jung A, Metzner M, Kohler-Repp D, et al. Experimental reproduction of an Enterococcus cecorum infection in Pekin ducks. Avian Pathol 2013; 46(6): 552-556.
10
Devriese LA, Ceyssens K, Haesebrouck F. Characteristics of Enterococcus cecorum strains from different animal species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 12(4): 137-139.
11
Kense MJ, Landman WJ. Enterococcus cecorum infections in broiler breeders and their offspring: Molecular epidemiology. Avian Pathol. 2011; 40(6): 603-612.
12
Dinev I. Pathomorphological investigations on the incidence of axial skeleton pathology associated with posterior paralysis in commercial broiler chickens. J Poult Sci 2013; 50: 283-289.
13
De Herdt P, Defoort P, Van Steelant J. Enterococcus cecorum osteomyelitis and arthritis in broiler chickens. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 2008; 78: 44-48.
14
Jackson CR, Kariyawasam S, Borst LB. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and genetic profiles of clinical and nonclinical Enterococcus cecorum from poultry. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60(2): 111-119.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A case report of partial bilateral hind limb adactyly in a male lamb
Hemimelia as a congenital anomaly is a failure of development of extremities formation in embryonic period. This anomaly is defined as complete absence of the part of extremities and different forms were explained for hemimelia. Adactyly is an alternative name for transverse hemimelia and is a rare disorder in the most of animal species. A two months old male lamb with normal vital signs was referred to clinic due to both hind limbs shortness and absence of hooves from the birth day. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed and partial hemimelia was confirmed radiographically in both hind limbs. In left hind limb, total absence of the toe indicated presence of adactyly in this limb. No other congenital deformities were diagnosed in skeletal system based on clinical and radiological examinations. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of such rare conditions in a lamb. Clinical findings and radiological signs of this rare anomaly in a lamb were described in this report.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_22171_0b03e0f616d9c5767e079e8bb090385c.pdf
2016-12-01
357
359
Adactyly
Bilateral
Hemimelia
Hind limbs
Lamb
Masoud
Rajabioun
rajabioun@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Kazemi Mehrjerdi
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Ghasemi
samaneh_gh_59@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Rahman MM, Khan MSI, Biswas D, et al. Pygomelia or supernumerary limbs in a crossbred calf. J Vet Sci 2006; 7(3): 303-305.
1
Sonfada M, Sivachelvan MN, Haruna Y, et al. Incidence of congenital malformations in ruminants in the north eastern region of Nigeria. Int J Anim Vet Adv 2010; 2(1): 1-4.
2
Noden DM, De Lahunta A. The embryology of domestic animals: developmental mechanisms and malformations. Baltimore, London, Williams & Wilkins 1985; 196-210.
3
Islam MR, Roh YS, Cho A. Multiple congenital anomalies in a Korean native calf (Bos taurus coreanae). Kor J Vet Res 2011; 51(1): 55-59.
4
Gugołek A, Strychalski J, Konstantynowicz M. Poly-dactyly in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus). Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2011; 35(4): 277-280.
5
Mosbah E, Rizk AZ, Karrouf GIA, et al. Congenital limb deformities in some farm animals. In Proceedings: 5th Scientific conference of animal wealth research in the Middle East and North Africa. Giza, Egypt. 2012: 23-38.
6
Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N. Pathology of domestic animals. 4th ed. San Diego, USA: Academic Press 1993: 45-47.
7
Cohn MJ, Bright PE. Molecular control of vertebrate limb development, evolution and congenital malformations. Cell Tissue Res 1999; 296(1): 3-17.
8
Macrì F, Marino F, Rapisarda G, et al. A case of unilateral pelvic limb adactyly in a puppy dog. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40(2): 104-106.
9
Abdalla EM, Morsy H. Bartsocas-Papas syndrome: Unusual findings in the first reported Egyptian family. Case Rep Genet 2011: 1-6. doi:10.1155/2011/428714.
10
Gondim JA, Schops M, Cavalcante JP, et al. Rathke's cleft cyst and partial feet adactyly: An unusual association. Arq Neuro-Psiquiat 2007; 65(4A): 1040-1042.
11
Leipold HW, Cates WF, Howell WE. Adactyly in a grade beef Shorthorn herd. Canadian Vet J 1970; 11(12): 258.
12
Čítek J, Řehout V, Hájková J. Congenital disorders in the cattle population of the Czech Republic. Chech Anim Sci 2009; 54(2): 55-64.
13
Leipold, HW, Dennis SM, Schoneweis D, et al. Adactylia in Southdown lambs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1972; 160(7): 1002.
14
Barrand K, Cornillie P. Bilateral hindlimb adactyly in an adult cat. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49(5): 252-253.
15
Cornillie P, Van Lancker S, Simoens P. Two cases of brachymelia in cats. Anat Histol Embryol 2004; 33(2): 115-118.
16
Leipold HW, Macdonald KR. Adactylia and polydactylia in a Welsh foal. Vet Med Small Anim Clinc 1971; 66(9): 928-930.
17
Nath K, Patil N, Singh S. A case of bilateral fore limb adactyly in a camel calf. J Camel Pract Res 2011; 18(1): 63-63.
18
Ali MA. Brachydactyly and adactyly in a donkey radiographic and angiographic examination. Assiut Vet Med J 1991; 25(49): 253-258.
19
Rezaian M. Histological study of the hoof development in sheep. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 1998; 53: 92-96.
20
Wilson JG, Warkauy J. Teratology: Principles and techniques. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press 1965. 185-214.
21