ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 resistance to immune serum and complement system
Members of gram-negative bacteria family Pasteurellaceae, include a large number of important economically human and veterinary pathogens. Organisms belonging to the family can colonize in mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, alimentary, genital tracts and cause diseases in various mammals, birds, and reptiles. Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute disease of cattle and buffaloes in tropical countries caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. In the present study, the possible bactericidal activity of immune calf sera in the presence and absence of complement system was investigated. The results showed that P. multocida B:2 is highly resistant to positive serum, containing high levels of IgG and IgM obtained from calves after vaccination, and complement activity in normal fresh calf serum. This organism also grew rapidly in the normal fresh calf serum and the mixture of positive serum as well as normal fresh calf serum. As a control test an E. coli strain was subjected to the same experiment and found completely sensitive to the bactericidal activity of complement in calf and guinea pig fresh sera. Results were indicative of the presence of inhibitory mechanism(s) in P. multocida B:2 against bactericidal activity of immune calf serum and complement system.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27365_a8f514bbc323e51d49d3886fac4892dd.pdf
2017-09-15
179
184
Cattle
Complement
Hemorrhagic septicemia
Pasteurella
Saeed
Ataei Kachooei
s.ataei@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Bacterial Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Ranjbar
2
Department of Animal Virology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Saba
Ataei Kachooei
ataei7580@gmail.com
3
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Kuhnert P, Korczak B, Falsen E, et al. Nicoletella semolina gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of Pasteurellaceae isolated from horses with airway disease. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42: 5542-5548.
1
Michael F, Harper M, Parnas H, et al. Structural and genetic basis for the serological differentiation of Pasteurella multocida Heddleston serotypes 2 and 5. J Bacteriol 2009; 191 (22): 6950-6959.
2
Capitini C, Herrero IA, Patel R, et al. Wound infection with Neisseria weaveri and a novel subspecies of Pasteurella multocida in a child who sustained a tiger bite. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34 (12): E74-76.
3
Jacques M, Mikael LG. Virulence factors of Pasteurellaceae, formidable animal pathogens. ASM News 2002; 68: 174-179.
4
Kubatzky K, Kloos B, Hildebrand D. Signalling cascades of Pasteurella multocida toxin in immune evasion. Toxins 2013; 5: 1664-1681.
5
Taylor PW. Bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity of serum against gram-negative bacteria. Microbiol Rev 1983; 47: 46-83.
6
Hansen LM, Hirsh DC. Serum resistance is correlated with encapsulation of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida. Vet Microbiol 1989; 21: 177-184.
7
Lee MD, Wooley RE, Glisson JR, et al. Comparison of Pasteurella multocida serotype 3,4 isolates from turkeys with fowl cholera. Avian Dis 1988; 32: 501-508.
8
Morishita T, Snipes P, Carpenter TE. Serum resistance as an indicator of virulence of Pasteurella multocida for turkeys. Avian Dis 1990; 34: 888-892.
9
Muhairwa AP, Christensen JP, Bisgaard M. Serum resistance of Pasteurella multocida in avian and porcine sera, and comparative virulence investigations of selected serum-sensitive and resistant strains in chickens. Avian Pathol 2002; 31: 183-191.
10
Diallo S, Frost AJ. Survival of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in chicken serum. Vet Microbiol 2000; 72: 153-161.
11
Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida and immune cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361: 53-72.
12
Harper M, Boyce JD, Adler B. The key surface components of Pasteurella multocida: capsule and lipopolysaccharide. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361: 39-52.
13
Adler B, Chancellor R, Homchampa P, et al. Immunity and vaccine development in Pasteurella multocida infections. J Biotechnol 1996; 44: 139-144.
14
Ramdani B, Adler, B. Opsonic monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of Pasteurella multocida and the role of LPS in immunity. Vet Microbiol 1991; 26: 335-347.
15
Boyce JD, Adler B. The capsule is a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2). Infect Immun 2000; 68: 3463-3468.
16
Male D, Brostoff J, Roth BR, Roitt IM. Immunology: Complement. 8th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders-Elsevier 2013; 71-78.
17
Kemper C, Atkinson JP. T-cell regulation: With complements from innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7: 9-18.
18
Kaufmann, SHE, Sher A, Ahmed R. Immunology of infectious diseases. 1st ed. Washington, USA: American society for microbiology 2002; 247-265.
19
Tizard I. Veterinary immunology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders-Elsevier 2013; 61-73.
20
Abbas Kl, Lichtman HA, Pillai S. Cellular and molecular immunology. Innate immunity. 7th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders-Elsevier 2012; 55-88.
21
Sahagun-Ruiz A, Granados Martinez AP, Breda LCD, et al. Pasteurella pneumotropica evades the human complement system by acquisition of the complement regulators factor H and C4BP. PLoS ONE 2014; 9(10): e111194.
22
Finlay BB, McFadden G. Anti-immunology: Evasion of the host immune system by bacterial and viral pathogens. Cell 2006; 124: 767-782.
23
Ryu HI, Kim CJ. Immunologic reactivity of a lipo-polysaccharide-protein complex of type A Pasteurella multocida in mice. J Vet Sci 2000;1(2):87-95.
24
De Alwis MC, Wijewardana TG, Gomis AI, et al. Persistence of the carrier status in hemorrhagic septicemia (Pasteurella multocida serotype 6:B infection) in buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 1990; 22: 185-194.
25
Martineau-Doize B, Caya I, Gagne S, et al. Effects of Pasteurella multocida toxin on the osteoclast population of the rat. J Comp Pathol 1993; 108: 81-91.
26
Nougayrede JP, Taieb F, de Rycke J, et al. Cyclomodulins: Bacterial effectors that modulate the eukaryotic cell cycle. Trends Microbiol. 2005; 13: 103-110.
27
Lax AJ. Opinion: Bacterial toxins and cancer—A case to answer? Nat Rev Microbiol 2005; 3:343-349.
28
Lax A. The Pasteurella multocida toxin: A new paradigm for the link between bacterial infection and cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361: 131-144.
29
Hoskins IC, Thomas LH, Lax AJ. Nasal infection with Pasteurella multocida causes proliferation of bladder epithelium in gnotobiotic pigs. Vet Rec 1997; 140: 22.
30
Rozengurt E, Higgins T, Chanter N, et al. Pasteurella multocida toxin: Potent mitogen for cultured fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 123-127.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-atherosclerotic effect of Cynodon dactylon extract on experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a perennial plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine in many countries. In the present study, anti-atherosclerotic property of ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was investigated in the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In this study, 36 male Wistar rats were selected and allocated into six groups (n = 6). The control group received a normal diet, sham group received a high cholesterol diet (HCD; 1.50% cholesterol and 24.00% fat) and other groups received a HCD and ethanolic extract of C. dactylon at low (100 mg kg-1), moderate (200 mg kg-1) and maximum (400 mg kg-1) doses via gavages. The last group received atorvastatin (10 mg kg-1) through gavage with a HCD. The study period for all groups was six months. At the end of this period, parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in the blood samples. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on coronary and aorta arteries sections were performed. The results showed an increase in vessels wall thickness and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the HCD group, while these pathological changes were not seen in C. dactylon-treated groups. Treatment of HCD animals with C. dactylon positively changed lipid profile by lowering of TC, TG and LDL-C. The results indicate that C. dactylon prevents from early atherosclerotic changes in the vessels wall.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27366_96bfceef71584624d3b1a094d23e63a8.pdf
2017-09-15
185
193
Atherosclerosis
Cynodon dactylon
Hypercholesterolemia
Lipid profile
Belal
Pashaie
belpa77@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Rahim
Hobbenaghi
hobbenaghi@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hassan
Malekinejad
hassanmalekinejad@yahoo.com
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Ye P, Cheah IK, Halliwell B. High fat diets and pathology in the guinea pig. Atherosclerosis or liver damage? Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1832(2): 355-364.
1
Jaipersad AS, Lip GY, Silverman S, et al. The role of monocytes in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63(1): 1-11.
2
Zhang L, Ovchinnikova O, Jonsson A, et al. The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid lowers plasma lipids and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. Eur Heart J 2012; 33(16): 2025-2034.
3
Matsumoto S, Gotoh N, Hishinuma S, et al. The role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Nutrients 2014; 6(3): 1236-1250.
4
Gimbrone MA, Jr., Garcia-Cardena G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2016; 118(4): 620-636.
5
Zhang J, Liang R, Wang L, et al. Effects of an aqueous extract of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. fruit on experimental atherosclerosis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148(2): 563-569.
6
Williams PT, Zhao XQ, Marcovina SM, et al. Levels of cholesterol in small LDL particles predict atherosclerosis progression and incident CHD in the HDL-atherosclerosis treatment study (HATS). PloS One 2013; 8(2): 1-9.
7
Bentzon JF, Otsuka F, Virmani R, et al. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ Res 2014; 114(12): 1852-1866.
8
Fenyo IM, Gafencu AV. The involvement of the monocytes/macrophages in chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Immunobiology 2013; 218(11): 1376-1384.
9
Kinoshita H, Matsumura T, Ishii N, et al. Apocynin suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inactivation of macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431(2): 124-130.
10
Aikawa M, Rabkin E, Sugiyama S, et al. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation 2001; 103(2): 276-283.
11
Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: Mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5(4): 378-387.
12
Beltowski J, Wojcicka G, Jamroz-Wiśniewska A. Adverse effects of statins - mechanisms and consequences. Curr Drug Saf2009; 4(3): 209-228.
13
Devi KMS, Annapoorani S, Ashokkumar K. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activities for ethyl acetate fraction of Cynodon dactylon in Balb/c mice. J Agricl Sci 2011; 3(3): 182-185.
14
Khlifi D, Hayouni EA, Valentin A, et al. LC–MS analysis, anticancer, antioxidant and antimalarial activities of Cynodon dactylon L. extracts. Ind Crops Prod 2013; 45: 240-247.
15
Rai PK, Jaiswal D, Rai DK, et al. Antioxidant potential of oral feeding of Cynodon dactylon extract on diabetes-induced oxidative stress. J Food Biochem 2010; 34(1): 78-92.
16
Ashokkumar K, Selvaraj K, Muthukrishnan SD. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: An updated review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Med Plants Res 2013; 7(48): 3477-3483.
17
Johnson AW, Snook ME, Wiseman BR. Green leaf chemistry of various turfgrasses technical contribution No. 4646 of the South Carolina Agric. Exp. Stn., Clemson Univ. Crop Sci 42:2004-2010.
18
Bhangale J, Acharya S. Antiarthritic activity of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Indian J Exp Biol 2014; 52(3):215-222.
19
Kaup SR, Arunkumar N, Bernhardt LK, et al. Anti-hyperlipedemic activity of Cynodon dactylon extract in high-cholesterol diet fed Wistar rats. Genomic Med Biomarkers Health Sci 2011; 3(3-4): 98-102.
20
Pang J, Xu Q, Xu X, et al. Hexarelin suppresses high lipid diet and vitamin D3-induced atherosclerosis in the rat. Peptides 2010; 31(4): 630-638.
21
Mallick N, Khan RA. Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8(2): 112-118.
22
Omole JO, Ighodaro OM. Comparative studies of the effects of egg yolk, oats, apple, and wheat bran on serum lipid profile of Wistar rats. ISRN Nutr 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/730479.
23
Wang P, Xu T-Y, Guan Y-F, et al. Vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis is an early trigger for hypothyroid atherosclerosis. Cardiovas Res 2014; 102(3): 448-459.
24
Biondi B, Klein I. Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endocrine 2004; 24(1):1-13.
25
Singh V, Tiwari RL, Dikshit M, et al. Models to study atherosclerosis: A mechanistic insight. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009; 7(1): 75-109.
26
Karthik D, Ravikumar S. A study on the protective effect of Cynodon dactylon leaves extract in diabetic rats. Biomed Environ Sci 2011;24(2):190-199.
27
Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE, et al. A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. Circulation 1995; 92(5): 1355-1374.
28
Stary HC. Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: An update. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20(5): 1177-1178.
29
Park K, Son H, Kim SW, et al. Initial validation of a novel rat model of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction with generalized atherosclerosis. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17(5): 424-430.
30
Lan TH, Huang XQ, Tan HM. Vascular fibrosis in athero-sclerosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22(5): 401-407.
31
Gomez D, Owens GK. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95(2): 156-164.
32
Feil S, Fehrenbacher B, Lukowski R, et al. Transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to macrophage-Like cells during atherogenesis. Circ Res 2014; 115(7): 662-667.
33
Song CY, Kim BC, Hong HK, et al. Oxidized LDL activates PAI-1 transcription through autocrine activation of TGF-beta signaling in mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2005; 67(5): 1743-1752.
34
Chatauret N, Favreau F, Giraud S, et al. Diet-induced increase in plasma oxidized LDL promotes early fibrosis in a renal porcine auto-transplantation model. J Transl Med 2014; 12 76. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-76.
35
Deng S, Jin T, Zhang L, et al. Mechanism of tacrolimus-induced chronic renal fibrosis following trans-plantation is regulated by ox-LDL and its receptor, LOX-1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14(5): 4124-4134.
36
Jiang ZR, Sim J. Effect of feeding egg yolk powder on the plasma and tissue cholesterol levels in rats. Poult Sc 1991; 70(2): 401-403.
37
Spence JD, Jenkins DJ, Davignon J. Egg yolk consumption and carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224(2): 469-473.
38
Franczyk-Zarow M, Kostogrys RB, Szymczyk B, et al. Functional effects of eggs, naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid, on the blood lipid profile, development of atherosclerosis and composition of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double-knockout mice (apoE/LDLR-/-). Br J Nutr 2008; 99(1): 49-58.
39
Robbins JM, Petrone AB, Ellison RC, et al. Association of egg consumption and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: The NHLBI family heart study. E-Spen Eur E J Clin Nutr Metab 2014; 9(3): e131-e135.
40
Djoussé L, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, et al. Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care 2009; 32(2): 295-300.
41
Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou X, et al. Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: A meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229(2): 524-530.
42
Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP, et al. Egg consumption and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men: The Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101(5): 1088-1096.
43
Adamopoulos PN, Papamichael CM, Zampelas A, et al. Cholesterol and unsaturated fat diets influence lipid and glucose concentrations in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 113(3): 659-663.
44
Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(16): 1685-1695.
45
Anila L, Vijayalakshmi NR. Antioxidant action of flavonoids from Mangifera indica and Emblica officinalis in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Chem 2003; 83(4): 569-574.
46
Shysh A, Pashevin DO, Dosenko V, et al. Correction of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system disorders by bioflavonoids during modeling of cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits. Fiziol Zh 2011; 57(2):19-26.
47
Lisak M, Demarin V, Trkanjec Z, et al. Hyper-triglyceridemia as a possible independent risk factor for stroke. Acta Clin Croat 2013; 52(4): 458-463.
48
Wang YM, Zhang B, Xue Y, et al. The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9: 4.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler flocks in Bushehr province, Iran: 2014 - 2015
The aim of this study was to provide information on the molecular characteristic and the phylogenic relationship of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) strains in Bushehr province in comparison to other strains reported in the Middle East. Samples were collected from broiler flocks in Bushehr province during 2014 - 2015. These flocks had respiratory problems such as gasping, sneezing and bronchial rales. A number of 135 tracheal swabs were taken from fifteen flocks (nine swabs per flock). Each three swabs collected from each flock were pooled in one tube (finally, we had three tubes for each flock). The samples were subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products of positive samples were analyzed by sequencing of a (392 bp) segment of the spike gene and the related results were compared with the other IBV sequences in GenBank database. Samples from twelve farms (80.0%) were found to be positive. The viruses from seven farms (46.6%) were identified as field viruses closely related to variant 2. The viruses from three farms (20.0%) were characterized as Mass type and were related to vaccine strains. Two different IB viruses (variant 2 and Mass) were detected in samples from two farms (13.3%). The variant 2 genotype detected in Bushehr had high similarity to variant 2 reported from the Middle East.These variants displayed homologies ranging from 72.9% to 76.5%, and 78.8% to 80.0% with H120 and 4/91, respectively. It is necessary to design vaccination program of poultry farms using IBV strains circulating in the region.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27367_ca6104898bfbdde0071f4a39c72de1e9.pdf
2017-09-15
195
201
Infectious bronchitis virus
Massachusetts
RT-PCR
Variant 2
Yousef
Saadat
1
Department of Poultry and obstetrics Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hassan
Bozorgmehri Fard
mhbfard@yahoo.com
2
Department of Poultry and Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saied
Charkhkar
charkhkar21@yahoo.com
3
Department of Poultry and Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hossein
Hosseini
hhoseini@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Nariman
Shaikhi
pasteur.vetlab78@gmail.com
5
Department of Poultry and obstetrics Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bijan
Akbarpour
bijanakbarpour@yahoo.com
6
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
AUTHOR
Butcher GD, Shapiro DP, Miles RD. Infectious bronchitis virus: Classical and variant strains. One of a series of the Veterinary medicine-large animal clinical sciences department, Florida cooperative extension service. UF/IFAS Extension 2011; VM127.
1
Ignjatovic J, Sapats S. Avian infectious bronchitis virus. Rev Sci Tech 2000; 19: 493-508.
2
Pohuang T, Chansiripornchai N, Tawatsin A, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from recent outbreaks in broiler flocks in Thailand. J Vet Sci 2009; 10: 219-223.
3
Cavanagh D. Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. Avian Pathol 2003; 3(2): 567-582.
4
Spaan W, Cavanagh D, Horzinek MC. Coronaviruses: Structure and genome expression. J Gen Virol 1988; 69: 2939-2952.
5
Sutou S, Sato S, Okabe T, et al. Cloning and sequencing of genes encoding structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 1988; 165: 589-595.
6
Cavanagh D. Coronavirus IBV: Structural characterization of the spike protein. J Gen Virol 1983; 64: 2577-2583.
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Cavanagh D. The coronavirus surface glycoprotein. In: Siddel SG (Ed). The Coronaviridae. New York, USA: Plenum Press 1995; 73- 103.
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Cavanagh D, Davis PJ, Mockett AP. Amino acids within hypervariable region 1 of avian coronavirus IBV (Massachusetts serotype) spike glycoprotein are associated with neutralization epitopes. Virus Res 1988; 11: 141-150.
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Koch G, Hartog L, Kant A, et al. Antigenic domains on the peplomer protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus: correlation with biological functions. J Gen Virol 1990; 71. 1929-1935.
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Moore KM, Jackwood MW, Hilt DA. Identification of amino acids involved in a serotype and neutralization specific epitope within the S1 subunit of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch Virol 1997; 142: 2249-2256.
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Stern DF, Sefton BM. Coronavirus proteins: Structure and function of the oligosaccharides of the avian infectious bronchitis virus glycoproteins. J Virol 1982; 44: 804-812.
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Cavanagh D. Structural Characterization of IBV Glycoproteins. In: Rottier P.J.M., van der Zeijst B.A.M., Spaan W.J.M., Horzinek M.C. (Eds) Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 173. Springer, Boston, MA, 1984; 95-108.
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Mockett APA, Cavanagh D, Brown TDK. Monoclonal antibodies to the S1 spike and membrane proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus coronavirus strain Massachusetts M41. J Gen Virol 1984; 65: 2281-2286.
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17
Cavanagh D, Davis PJ, Cook JKA, et al. Location of the amino-acid differences in the S1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol 1992; 21: 33-43.
18
Kant A, Koch G, Van Roozelaar DG, et al. Location of antigenic sites defined by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the S1 avian infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide. J Gen Virol 1992; 73: 591-596.
19
Bochkov YA, Batchenko GV, Shcherbakova LO, et al. Molecular epizootiology of avian infectious bronchitis in Russia. Avian Pathol 2006; 35: 379-393.
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
Najafi H, Langeroudi AG, Hashemzadeh M, et al. Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler chicken farms in Iran. 2014-2015. Arch Virol 2016; 161(1):53-62.
28
Homayounimehr A, Pakbin A, Momayyez R, et al. Detection and identification of infectious bronchitis virusby RT-PCR in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48(5): 973-978.
29
Jones RC, Worthington KJ, Gough, RE. Detection of the Italy 02 strain of infectious bronchitis virus in the UK. Vet Rec 2005; 156-260.
30
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, et al. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28(10):2731-2739.
31
Adznar AK, Cough RE, Haydon D, et al. Molecular analysis of the 793/B serotype of IBV in Great Britain. Avian Pathol 1997; 26: 625-640.
32
Cavanagh D, Ellis MM, Cook JKA. Relationship between sequence variation in the S1 spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus and the extent of cross-protection in vivo. Avian Pathol 1997; (26): 63-74.
33
Katarzyna D, Krzysztof S, Zenon M. Molecular studies on infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Poland. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2007; 51: 449-452.
34
de Wit JJ, Cook JK. Factors influencing the outcome of infectious bronchitis vaccination and challenge experiments. Avian Pathol 2014; 43: 485-497.
35
Ganapathy K, Ball C, Forrester A. Genotypes of infectious bronchitis viruses circulating in the Middle East between 2009 and 2014. Virus Res 2015; 210: 198-204.
36
Mahmood ZH, Sleman R, Uthman AU. Isolation and molecular characterization of Sul/01/09 avian infectious bronchitis virus indicates the emergence of a new genotype in the Middle East. Vet Microbiol 2011; 150: 21-27.
37
Seger W, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Karimi V, et al. Genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses from broiler farmsin Iraq during 2014-2015. Arch Virol 2016; 161(5):1229-1237.
38
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39
Ababneh M, Dalab AE, Al saad S. Presence of infectious bronchitis virus strain CK/CH/LDL/97I in the Middle East. ISRN Vet Sci 2012; 1-6.
40
Kahya S, Coven F, Temelli S, et al. Presence of IS/1494/06 genotype-related infectious bronchitis virus in breeder and broiler flocks in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2013; 60: 27-31.
41
Selim K, Arafa AS, Hussein HA. Detection and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler and layer chicken farms in Egypt during 2012. Int J Virol 2014; 10(1): 70-76.
42
Awad F, Baylis M, Ganapathy K. Detection of variant infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler flocks in Libya. Int J Vet Sci Med 2014; (2): 78-82.
43
Meir R, Rosenblut E, Perl S, et al. Identification of a novel nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus in Israel. Avian Dis 2004; 48: 635-641.
44
Hashemzadeh M, Karimi V, Masoudi S, et al. Phylogenetic study of Iranian infectious bronchitis virus isolates during 2010 - 2011 using glycoprotein S1 gene. J Vet Res 2013; (68):135-141.
45
Seyfi Abad Shapouri MR, Mayahi M, Assasi K, et al. A survey of the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus type 4/91 in Iran. Acta Vet Hung 2004; 52: 163-166.
46
Rauf HS. Investigation and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in suspected broiler farms in Slemani Governorate. MS Thesis, University of Sulaimani. Sulaymaniyah, Iraq: 2014.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of treated sunflower meal with tannin extracted from pistachio hulls on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of various amounts of treated sunflower meal (SFM) with extracted tannins from pistachio hulls on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation in ruminants. The SFM was treated with pistachio extract concentrate (PEC), which contained 111.40 g kg-1 total phenol and 71.30 g kg-1 total tannin per dry matter of extract, at six experimental treatment levels of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 g PEC per 100 g SFM on a dry matter basis. In vitro gas production, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and fermentative parameters of samples were measured. The PEC had no effect on fermentation rate, but asymptotic gas production was linearly decreased with increasing dose of extract. All fermentation parameters (i.e., apparent degraded substrate, short chain fatty acids, gas yield at 24 hr, partitioning factor at 96 hr, IVOMD, ME and microbial protein production (MP) linearly decreased with increasing PEC treatment. Inclusion of PEC linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), total protozoa population and pH in the all incubation times. In conclusion, the addition of PEC positively modified some rumen parameters such as NH3-N concentration and protozoa population.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27368_da658d8b1ce38b230c0bedf53ab169d5.pdf
2017-09-15
203
208
Fermentation
Gas Production
Pistachio hull
Sunflower meal
Tannin
Alireza
Jolazadeh
alireza.jolazadeh@gmail.com
1
Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Technology, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Mohammadabadi
mohammadabadi@ramin.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Technology, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th ed. Washington, USA: National Academy of Sciences; 2001; 45-55.
1
Pina DS, Valadares Filho SC, Tedeschi LO, et al. Influence of different levels of concentrate and ruminally undegraded protein on digestive variables in beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2009; 87: 1058-1067.
2
Stern MD. Ruminal protein degradation and intestinal amino acid supply. In: Proceedings: Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Livest Sci 1981; 23-39.
3
Driedger A, Hatfield EE. Influence of tannins on the nutritive value of soybean meal for ruminants. J Anim Sci 1972; 34(3): 465-468.
4
Economides S. The nutritive value of sunflower meal and its effect on replacing cereal straw in the diets of lactating ewes and goats. Livest Prod Sci 1998; 55: 89-97.
5
Veresegyházy T, Fekete S. The effect of tannin treatment and subsequent urea supplementation of sunflower meal on the in vitro digestibility of its crude protein for ruminants. Acta Vet Hung 1990; 38: 95-103.
6
Alipour D, Rouzbehan Y. Effects of several levels of extracted tannin from grape pomace on intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Livest Sci 2010; 128: 87-91.
7
Dentinho M, Moreira O, Pereira M, et al. The use of a tannin crude extract from Cistus ladanifer L. to protect soya-bean protein from degradation in the rumen. Animal 2007; 1: 645-650.
8
Frutos P, Hervás G, Giráldez FJ, et al. Digestive utilization of quebracho-treated soya bean meals in sheep. J Agric Sci 2000; 134: 101-108.
9
Jolazadeh AR, Dehghan-banadaky M, Rezayazdi, K. Effects of soybean meal treated with tannins extracted from pistachio hulls on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and nutrient digestion of Holstein bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015; 203: 33-40.
10
Behgar M, Ghasemi S, Naserian A, et al. Gamma radiation effects on phenolics, antioxidants activity and in vitro digestion of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull. Radiat Phys Chem 2011; 80: 963-967.
11
Reed JD. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes. J Anim Sci 1995; 73: 1516-1528.
12
FASS. Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in research and teaching, 3rd ed., Champaign, USA: Federation of animal science societies 2010; 74-85.
13
Association of official analytical chemists (AOAC). Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Washington, USA: AOAC; 1990; 24-68.
14
Makkar HPS. Quantification of tannins tree and shrub foliage. Vienna, Austria: International atomic energy agency 2000; 1-31.
15
Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Develop 1988; 28: 7-55.
16
Veira D, Ivan M, Jui PY. Rumen ciliate protozoa: Effects on digestion in the stomach of sheep. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66: 1015-1022.
17
Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K. Stoichiometric relationship between short chains fatty acid and in vitro gas production in presence and absence of polyethylene glycol for tannin containing browses. In proceedings: EAAP satellite symposium. Gas production: Fermentation kinetics for feed evaluation and to assess microbial activity, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1999; 46-47.
18
Makkar HPS. In vitro screening of feed resources for efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. In: Verco PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink AC (Eds). In vitro screening of plant resources for extra-nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologies. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer 2010; 107-144.
19
Blümmel M, Steingss H, Becker, K. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and 15N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. Br J Nutr 1997; 77: 911-921.
20
Mc Sweeney CS, Palmer B, McNeill DM, et al. Microbial interactions with tannns: Nutritional consequences for ruminants. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2001; 91: 83-93.
21
Makkar H. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Rumin Res 2003; 49: 241-256.
22
El-Waziry AM, Nasser MEA, Sallam SMA. Processing methods of soybean meal: 1-effect of roasting and tannic acid treated-soybean meal on gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro. J Appl Sci 2005; 1(3): 313-320.
23
Getachew G, Pittroff W, Putnama DH, et al. The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008; 140: 444-461.
24
Waghorn GC, Jones WT, Shelton ID, et al. Condensed tannins and the nutritive value of herbage. Proc New Zealand Grassland Assoc1990; 51: 171-176.
25
Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, et al. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89(12): 4736-4746.
26
Borja MS, Oliveira RL, Lima LS, et al. Sunflower meal concentrations in Massai grass silage. Rev. MVZ Cordoba 2012; 17(2): 3041-3046.
27
Abarghuei MJ, Rouzbehan Y, Salem AF. The influence of pomegranate-peel extracts on in vitro gas production kinetics of rumen inoculum of sheep. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2014; 38(2): 212-219.
28
Jiménez-Peralta FS, Salem AZM, Mejia-Hernández P, et al. Influence of individual and mixed extracts of two tree species on in vitro gas production kinetics of a high concentrate diet fed to growing lambs. Livest Sci 2011; 136: 192-200.
29
Liu JX, Susenbeth A, Südekum KH. In vitro gas production measurements to evaluate interactions between untreated and chemically treated rice straws, grass hay, and mulberry leaves. J Anim Sci 2002; 80(2): 517-524.
30
Patra AK, Saxena J. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 91: 24-37.
31
Baah J, Ivan M, Hristov A, et al. Effects of potential dietary antiprotozoal supplements on rumen fermentation and digestibility in heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007; 137: 126-137.
32
Van Soest PJ. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Ithaca, USA: Cornell University Press 1994; 382-412.
33
Bhatta R, Vaithiyanathan S, Singh NP, et al. Effect of feeding complete diets containing graded levels of Prosopis cineraria leaves on feed intake, nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in lambs and kids. Small Rumin Res 2007; 67: 75-83.
34
Ben Salem H, Nefzaou A, Ben Salem L, et al. Deactivation of condensed tannin in Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage by polyethylene glycol in feed blocks effect on feed intake, diet digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial synthesis and growth by sheep. Livest Prod Sci 2000; 64: 51-60.
35
Yildiz S, Kaya I, Unal Y, et al. Digestion and body weight change in Tuj lambs receiving Oak (Quercus hartwissiana) leaves with and without PEG. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005; 122: 159-172.
36
West JW, Hill GM, Utley PR. Peanut skins as a feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76: 590-599.
37
Williams AG, Coleman GS. The rumen protozoa. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag 1991; 73-82.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Expression of G1- epitope of bovine ephemeral fever virus in E. coli : A novel candidate to develop ELISA kit
Bovine ephemeral fever is an acute and arthropod-borne viral disease of cattle and water buffalo which occurs seasonally in most of the world tropical and subtropical regions. The epizootic feature of the disease has been reported in Iran with serious economic consequences. The surface glycoprotein G of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is composed of 4 antigenic sites (G1-G4) and plays the main role for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. The G1 – epitope is a linear antigenic site and conserved among BEFV strains. In order to develop an ELISA test based on G1-epitope as coating antigen, this study was carried out to express the recombinant G1-epitope of BEFV in prokaryotic system. Using PCR and specific primers, a length of 88 amino acid of the G glycoprotein of BEFV including G1- epitope was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pGEX-4T-1, with the GST moiety. The recombinant plasmid (pGEX-4T-1-G1) was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and expression of fusion protein was induced by 0.10 mM IPTG. The maximum expression of the fusion protein was obtained at 16 hr post induction as verified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and it was also confirmed that this protein bearing G1- epitope is sufficiently biologically active to bind to anti-BEFV serum in western blot experiment.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27369_d595d5ba4ae1676ff260838560b5a296.pdf
2017-09-15
209
213
BEFV
Escherichia coli
ELISA
G1- Epitope
Fereshteh
Yazdani
fh.yazdani@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehran
Bakhshesh
m.bakhshesh@rvsri.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Esmaelizad
m.esmaelzad@rsri.ac.ir
3
Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohre
Azita Sadigh
4
Department of Human Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization Extension (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Walker PJ. Bovine ephemeral fever in Australia and the world. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2005; 292: 57-80.
1
Bakhshesh M, Abdollahi D. Bovine ephemeral fever in Iran: Diagnosis, isolation and molecular characterization. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2015; 9 (2):195-203.
2
Dietzgen RG. Calisher CH. Kurath G et al. Rhabdoviridae In: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, et al (Eds). Virus taxonomy. London, UK: Elsevier 2012; 686-713.
3
Walker PJ, Byrne KA, Cybinski DH, et al. Proteins of bovine ephemeral fever virus. J Gen Virol 1991;72 (1): 67-74.
4
Cybinski DH, Walker PJ, Byrne KA, et al. Mapping of antigenic sites on the bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein using monoclonal antibodies. J Gen Virol 1990;71 (9): 2065-2072.
5
Uren MF, Walker PJ, Zakrzewski H, et al. Effective vaccination of cattle using the virion G protein of bovine ephemeral fever virus as an antigen. Vaccine 1994;12 (9):845-852.
6
Kongsuwan K, Cybinski DH, Cooper J, et al. Location of neutralizing epitopes on the G protein of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 (11):2573-2581.
7
Zakrzewski H, Cybinski DH, Walker PJ. A blocking ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus. J Immunol Methods 1992;151 (1): 289-297.
8
Zheng FY, Lin GZ, Qiu CQ, et al. Expression and antigenic characterization of the epitope-G1 of the bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoprotein in Pichia pastoris. Virol Sin 2007; 22(5):347-352.
9
Zheng FY, Lin GZ, Qiu CQ. Expression, purification and antigenic characterization of the Epitope-G1 gene of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Escherichia coli [Chinese]. Acta Microbiol Sin 2007; 47: 498-502.
10
Wang FI, Hsu AM, Huang KJ. Bovine ephemeral fever in Taiwan. J Vet Diagn Invest 2001;13 (6): 462-467.
11
Aziz-Boaron O, Klausner Z, Hasoksuz M, et al. Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East—strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport. Vet Microbiol 2012; 158 (3): 300-307.
12
Aziz‐Boaron O, Brettschneider S, King R, et al. Seroprevalence of bovine ephemeral fever virus in domesticated and wildlife species during epidemic and inter‐epidemic periods (2000–2009) in Israel. Transbound Emer Dis 2015; 62 (2):183-187.
13
Finlaison DS, Read AJ, Kirkland PD. An epizootic of bovine ephemeral fever in New South Wales in 2008 associated with long‐distance dispersal of vectors. Aust Vet J 2010;88 (8):301-306.
14
Yang DK, Kim SY, Kim HH, et al. The follow up study after massive outbreak of Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever viruses in Korea. Korean J Vet Serv 2013; 36 (3):151-155.
15
Niwa T, Shirafuji H, Ikemiyagi K, et al. Occurrence of bovine ephemeral fever in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, in 2012 and development of a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect bovine ephemeral fever virus gene. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77(4):455-460.
16
Ting LJ, Lee MS, Lee SH, et al. Relationships of bovine ephemeral fever epizootics to population immunity and virus variation. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173 (3): 241-248.
17
Cybinski DH. Homologous and heterologous antibody reactions in sera from cattle naturally infected with bovine ephemeral fever group viruses. Vet Microbiol 1987; 13(1): 1-9.
18
Zheng FY, Lin GZ, Qiu CQ, et al. Serological detection of bovine ephemeral fever virus using an indirect ELISA based on antigenic site G 1 expressed in Pichia pastoris. Vet J 2010; 185 (2): 211-215.
19
Zheng FY, Lin GZ, Qiu CQ, et al. Development and application of G 1-ELISA for detection of antibodies against bovine ephemeral fever virus. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87 (2): 211- 212.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Guajol® ointment synthesized from medicinal smoke condensate of jennet feces on burn wound healing on Wistar rat
Application of smoke condensate derived from an indirect heating of jennet feces (Sargin) had been recommended by Iranian ancient scientists as a therapeutic agent. The present study was done to evaluate the healing effects of Guajol® ointment on burn wound in rat. The Guajol® ointment was prepared from the smoke condensate of Sargin samples. Wistar Rats (n = 50) were randomized into six groups including normal saline, silver sulfadiazine and 1.25%, 2.50%, 5.00% and 10.00% concentrations of Guajol® ointment. Under general anesthesia, dorsum of the rats were shaved and burn wounds were created using hot plate. Area of wounds and percent of healing were measured. Normal saline had the highest area of wound, followed by 1.25% Guajol® and silver-sulfadiazine groups. The group treated with 5.00% Guajol® showed the highest percent of healing. Percent of healing in NS, SSD and 5.00% Guajol® ointment groups on day 21 were 38.47%, 75.00% and 98.51%, respectively. Microscopic examination of wounds sections of rats treated with 5.00% Guajol® showed more collagen fibers and fibroblasts cells on day 7. Wounds of 5.00% Guajol® treated group was covered with healthy epithelial and epidermis tissues and hair follicles on day 21. This was the first report of using Sargin to heal the burn wound of rat. Further studies are recommended for investigation of the other effects of Guajol® ointment and its possible application in medicine.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27370_df5493c723caf1cdcba5d5536e984b15.pdf
2017-09-15
215
221
Burn wound healing
Guajol® ointment
Jennet feces
Rat
Farhad
Safarpoor Dehkordi
f.safarpoor@ut.ac.ir
1
Young Researchers and Elites Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhang
Tirgir
tirgir@iaushk.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yousef
Valizadeh
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohajeri D, Mesgari M, Doustar Y, et al. Comparison of the effect of normal saline and silver sulfadiazine on healing of skin burn wounds in rats: A histopathological study. Middle-East J Sci Res 2011; 10(1): 8-14.
1
Agarwal V, O’Neill PJ, Cotton BA, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in burn intensive care unit patients. J Burn Care Res 2010; 31(5): 706-715.
2
Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, et al. Burn wound healing and treatment: Review and advancements. Crit Care 2015; 19(1): 1-12.
3
Dorai AA. Wound care with traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Indian J Plast Surg 2012; 45(2): 418-424.
4
Dai T, Huang YY, Sharma SK, et al. Topical antimicrobials for burn wound infections. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2010; 5(2): 124-151.
5
Kim HS. Do not put too much value on conventional medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100(1):37-39.
6
Fashena SJ, Jackson DA. Patentability in the United States. Nature Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3(5): 381.
7
Zargaran A, Borhani-Haghighi A, Faridi P, et al. A review on the management of migraine in the Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine. Neurol Sci 2016; 37(3): 471-478.
8
Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabaei SMA. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer in medical textbooks of ancient Iran. J Med Ethics Hist Med 2014; 7: 16.
9
Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Carol Stream, USA: Allured Publishing Corporation 2007; 804.
10
Pasalar M, Mohammadi AA, Rajaeefard AR, et al. Epidemiology of burns during pregnancy in southern Iran: Effect on maternal and fetal outcomes. World Appl Sci J 2013; 28(2):153-158.
11
Nasiri E, Hosseinimehr SJ, Azadbakht M, et al. The Healing Effect of Arnebia Euchroma Ointment versus Silver Sulfadiazine on Burn Wounds in Rat. World J plast Surg 2015; 4(2):134-144.
12
Daryabeigi R, Heidari M, Hosseini SA, et al. Comparison of healing time of the 2nd degree burn wounds with two dressing methods of fundermol herbal ointment and 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2010; 15(3): 97-101.
13
Parvin N, Validi M, Banitalebi M, et al. Effect of medicinal smokes on some nosocomial infection factors. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2010; 12(2): 76-83.
14
Madahi H, Rostami F, Rahimi E, et al. Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken nugget in Iran. Jundihsapur J Microbial 2014; 7(8): e10237.
15
Momtaz H, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Rahimi E, et al. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat in Isfahan province, Iran. J Appl Poult Res 2013; 22(4): 913-921.
16
Hasanpour Dehkordi A, Khaji L, Sakhaei Shahreza MH, et al. One-year prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from raw meat. Trop Biomed 2017; 34(2): 396-404.
17
Japoni A, Farshad S, Alborzi A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Burn infection, treatment and antibacterial resistance. Iran Red Cres Med J 2009(3): 244-253.
18
Chopra I. The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59(4): 587-590.
19
Haeger K. The illustrated history of surgery. London, UK: Harold Starke (Medical) 1998; 200.
20
Hamdiya A, Pius A, Ken A, et al. The trend of acute burns pre-hospital management. J Acute Dis 2015; 4(3): 210-213.
21
Bhattacharya S. Wound healing through the ages. Indian J Plast Surg 2012; 45(2): 177-179.
22
Shaikh DM, Shaikh HZ. Ash as a unique natural medicine for wound healing. Isra Med J 2009; 1(3): 72-78.
23
Justin-Temu M, Rimoy G, Premji Z, et al. Causes, magnitude and management of burns in under-fives in district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr J Publ Health 2008; 5(1): 38-42.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Melissa officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica essential oils
Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils with considerable antimicrobial properties.The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica essential oils (EOs). The identification of chemical constituents of the EOs was carried out using gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry analysis and antimicrobial activity of the EOs was evaluated by disc diffusion assay as well as determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration against four important food-borne bacteria: Salmonella typhimorium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity of the EOs was also determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and β-carotene bleaching tests. The major compounds of D. moldavica were geranial (28.52%), neral (21.21%), geraniol (19.60%), geranyl acetate (16.72%) and the major compounds of M. officinalis EO were citronellal (37.33%), thymol (11.96%), citral (10.10%) and β-caryophyllene (7.27%). The underlying results indicated strong antimicrobial effects of the oils against tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus with the lowest MIC value (0.12 mg mL-1) for both EOs was the most sensitive bacterium, although, antibacterial effect of M. officinalis EO was stronger than D. moldavica. In addition, the results of the antioxidant activity showed that both EOs had notable antioxidant properties. In conclusion, both EOs are appropriate alternatives as potential sources of natural preservative agents with the aim of being applied in food industries.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27371_7faac91b592a4fa55b0aff3b249a80bc.pdf
2017-09-15
223
229
β-carotene bleaching tests
Dracocephalum moldavica
Melissa officinalis
Micro dilution
Ali
Ehsani
aliehsanip@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Omar
Alizadeh
2
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hashemi
mo_hashemi@hotmail.com
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Asma
Afshari
asmafshr@gmail.com
4
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Aminzare
m.aminzare@zums.ac.ir
5
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Arqués J, Rodríguez E, Gaya P, et al. Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk cheese by combinations of high pressure treatments and bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98(2): 254-260.
1
Smith PA, Stewart J, Fyfe L. The potential application of plant essential oils as natural food preservatives in soft cheese. Food Microbiol 2001; 18(4): 463-470.
2
Dorman HJD, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88(2): 308-316.
3
Helander IM, Alakomi HL, Latva-Kala K, et al. Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram-negative bacteria. J Agr Food Chem 1998; 46(9): 3590-3595.
4
Kim J, Marshall MR, Wei CI. Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. J Agr Food Chem 1995; 43(11):2839-2845.
5
Russell A. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to non‐antibiotics: Food additives and food and pharmaceutical preservatives. J Appl Bacteriol 1991; 71(3):191-201.
6
Masakova N, Tserevatuy BS, Trofimenko SL, et al. The chemical composition of volatile oil in lemon-balm as an indicator of therapeutic use. Planta Med 1979; 36:274.
7
Stanojevic D, Comic L, Stefanovic O, et al. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Melissa officinalis L. and some preservatives. Spanish J Agri Res 2010; 8(1):109-115.
8
Rechinger H. Flora Iranica Labiatae. Graz, Austria: Academic Publishing House 1986; 150: 218-230.
9
Raeisi M, Tajik H, Razavi RS, et al. Essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in culture media and Iranian white cheese. Iran J Microbiol 2012; 4(1):30-34.
10
Jamshidi A, Khanzadi S, Azizi M, et al. Modeling the growth of Staphylococcus aureus as affected by black zira (Bunium persicum) essential oil, temperature, pH and inoculum levels. Vet Res Forum 2014; 5(2):
11
Weerakkody NS, Caffin N, Turner MS, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of less-utilized spice and herb extracts against selected food-borne bacteria. Food Control 2010; 21(10):1408-1414.
12
Akhondzadeh-Basti A, Aminzare M, Razavi-Rohani SM, et al. The combined effect of lysozyme and Zataria Multiflora essential oil on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Med Plant 2014; 13(50): 27-34.
13
Gulluce M, Sahin F, Sokmen M, et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia. Food Chem 2007; 103(4):1449-1456.
14
Erkan N, Ayranci G, Ayranci E. Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and sesamol. Food Chem 2008; 110(1):76-82.
15
Miraliakbari H, Shahidi F. Antioxidant activity of minor components of tree nut oils. Food Chem 2008; 111(2): 421-427.
16
Ye CL, Dai DH, Hu WL. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from onion (Allium cepa L.). Food Control 2013; 30(1):48-53.
17
Aziz EE, El-Sherbeny SE. Effect of some micro-nutrients on growth and chemical constituents of sideritis montana as a new plant introduced into Egypt. Arab Uni J Agri Sci 2003; 12(1):391-403.
18
Abd El-Baky HH, El-Baroty GS. Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oil of Egyptian moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L). Int J Integr Biol 2008; 3:202-208.
19
Kakasy AZ, Lemberkovics E, Simandi B, et al. Comparative study of traditional essential oil and supercritical fluid extracts of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Flavour Frag J 2006; 21:598-603.
20
Cosge B, Ipek A, Gurbuz B. GC/MS analysis of herbage essential oil from lemon balms (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in Turkey. J Appl Bio Sci 2009; 3(2): 149-152.
21
Aminzare M, Aliakbarlu J, Tajik H. The effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil on chemical characteristics of Lyoner-type sausage during refrigerated storage. Vet Res Forum 2015; 6(1): 31-39.
22
Ali MS, Saleem M, Ali Z, et al. Chemistry of Zataria multiflora (Lamiaceae). Phytochemistry 2000; 55(8):933-936.
23
Tajik H, Aminzare M, Mounesi-Raad T, et al. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil and grape seed extract on the shelf life of raw buffalo patty and fate of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Process Preserv 2015; 39: 3005-3013.
24
Burt S. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: A review. Int Food Microbiol 2004; 94(3):223-253.
25
Mimica-Dukic N, Bozin B, Sokovic M, et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Medica 2003; 69(5):413-419.
26
Hashemi M, Ehsani A, Jazani NH, et al. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Echinophora platyloba DC against some of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Vet Res Forum 2013; 4(2): 123-127.
27
Nunez L, Daquino M. Microbicide activity of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata). Brazilian J Microbiol 2012; 43(4):1255-1260.
28
Shojaii A, Abdollahi-Fard M. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012; doi: 10.5402/ 2012/510795.
29
Moradi M, Hassani A, Ehsani A, et al. Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Origanum vulgare ssp. gracile growing wild in Kurdistan province of Iran. J Food Qual Hazards Control 2014; 1(4):120-124.
30
Hashemi M, Aminzare M, Naghibi S, et al. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant effect of SalviaOfficinalis, MenthaPiperita and MenthaLongifolia. Med Lab J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2015; 9(3): 47-55.
31
Mimica-Dukic N, Bozin B, Sokovic M, et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:2485-2489.
32
Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, et al. Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(19):6042-6048.
33
Omidbeygi M, Barzegar M, Hamidi Z, et al. Antifungal activity of thyme, summer savory and clove essential oils against Aspergillus flavus in liquid medium and tomato paste. Food Control 2007; 18:1518-1523.
34
Kulisic T, Radonic A, Katalinic V, et al. Use of different methods for testing antioxidative activity of oregano essential oil. Food Chem 2004; 85: 633-640.
35
Prakash B, Singh P, Kedia A, et al. Assessment of some essential oils as food preservatives based on antifungal, antiaflatoxin, antioxidant activities and in vivo efficacy in food system. Food Res Int 2012; 49:201-208.
36
Marongiu B, Porcedda S, Piras A, et al. Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa officinalis Subsp. officinalis and Melissa officinalis Subsp. Inodora. Phytother Res 2004; 8(10):789-792.
37
Dastmalchi K, Dorman HD, Laakso I, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extracts. LWT Food Sci Technol 2007; 40(9):1655-1663.
38
Meftahizade H, Sargsyan E, Moradkhani H. Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. J Med Plant Res 2010; 4(14):1391-1395.
39
Koksal E, Bursal E, Dikici E, et al. Antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis leaves. J Med Plants Res 2001; 5(2): 217-222.
40
Venskutionis P, Dapkevicius A, Baranuauskiene M. Flavour composition of some lemon-like aroma herbs from Lithuania. Dev Food Sci 1995; 37(1):833-847.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and vitamin E on histopathological lesions induced in bursa of Fabricius of broiler chicks by salinomycin
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the turmeric in comparison to vitamin E on bursal damages induced by salinomycin in broiler chickens. In this study, forty one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1- basal diet as control, 2- basal diet plus salinomycin, 3- basal diet plus salinomycin (SLM) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and 4- basal diet plus salinomycin and turmeric powder. The chicks were treated for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the bursal tissues were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological studies. Light microscopic observations showed that, SLM diminished cortex thickness of bursal tissue, enhanced its medulla zone and caused severe lymphocytic necrosis. In addition, SLM led to fibrosis of interstitium along with sever edema of medulla zone in the bursal tissue of the chicken. Administration of Vit. E and TP significantly inhibited the SLM-induced derangements and comparing the Vit. E and TP showed no significant differences. The results of this study indicated that the turmeric may protect bursa of Fabricius against toxicity induced by salinomycin in chicks.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27372_f2589acb4bbca1cda8da8c8a90c381ea.pdf
2017-09-15
231
236
Bursa of Fabricius
Chick
Salinomycin
Turmeric
Vitamin E
Reza
Sayrafi
reza.sayrafi@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Navideh
Mirzakhani
navidehmirzakhani1363@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Mobaseri
mobaseri@kimiaroshd.com
3
DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samuelson DA. Textbook of veterinary histology. St. Louis, USA: Saunders - Elsevier 2007; 270.
1
Owens FN. Ionophore effect on utilization and metabolism of nutrients ruminants. In proceedings: Georgia Nutrition Conference. University of Georgia, Athens 1980; 11-25.
2
Novilla MN. The veterinary importance of toxic syndrome induced by ionophores. Vet Hum Toxicol 1992; 34(1): 66-70.
3
Neuschl J, Saly J, Simko S, et al. Acute toxicity of sodium salinomycin in Synvertas plv. ad us.vet. preparation in chickens. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2001; 45(2): 315-321.
4
Rizvi F, Anjum AD, Rizvi F. Effect of salinomycin on broiler health. Vet Archiv 1999; 69(1): 39-47.
5
Saly J, Magic D, Neuschl J, et al. Subchronic toxicity to chicks of sodium salinomycin in the preparation Synvertas plv. a.u.v. Folia Vet 2002; 46(2): 86-89.
6
Khan MZ, Szarek J, Marchalok E, et al. Effect of concurrent administration of monesin and selenium on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and liver selenium concentration in broiler chicks. Bio Trace Elem Res 1995; 49(2-3): 129-138.
7
Maini SK. Oxidation related problems in poultry and livestock feeds. Poult Plan 2000; 1: 7-8.
8
Inokuchi H, Hirokane H, Tsuzuki T, et al. Anti-angiogenic activity of tocotrienol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67(7): 1623-1627.
9
Aslam F, Khan A, Khan M, et al. Toxico-pathological changes induced by cypermethrin in broiler chicks: Their attenuation with vitamin E and selenium. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2010; 62(4): 441–450.
10
Crespo R, Shivaprasad HL, Sommer F, et al. Interaction of ionophore and vitamin E in knockdown syndrome of turkeys. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20(4): 472-476.
11
Pakcer L, Suzuki Y. Vitamin E and alpha-lipoate: Role in antioxidant recycling and activation of the NF-κB trans-cription factor. Mol Asp Med 1993; 14(3): 229-239.
12
Erf GF, Bottje WG, Bersi TK, et al. Effects of dietary vitamin E on the immune system in broilers: Altered proportions of CD4 T cells in the thymus and spleen. Poult Sci 1998; 77(4): 529-537.
13
Leshchinsky TV, Klasing KC. Relationship between the level of dietary vitamin E and the immune response of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2001; 80(11): 1590-1599.
14
Maizura M, Aminah A, Wan AW. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of kesum (Polygonum minus), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract. Int Food Res J 2011; 23(18): 526-531.
15
Kim KJ, Yu HH, Cha JD, et al. Antibacterial activity of Curcuma longa L. against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytother Res 2005; 19(7): 599-604.
16
Kunnumakkara AB, Guha S, Krishnan S, et al. Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of gemcitabine in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer through suppression of proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-regulated gene products. Cancer Res 2007; 67(8): 3853-3861.
17
Sefidan AM, Mohajeri D. Preventive effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa linn) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Adv Biores 2013; 4(4): 40-46.
18
Maheswari RK, Singh AK, Gaddipati J, et al. Multiple biological activities of curcumin: A short review. Life Sci 2006; 78(18): 2081-2087.
19
Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Maroufi S, et al. Effects of safranal, a constituent of saffron, and vitamin E on nerve functions and histopathology following crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats. Phytomed 2014; 21(5): 717-723.
20
Andreasen JR, Schleifer JH. Salinomycin toxicosis in male breeder turkeys. Avian Dis 1995; 39: 638-642.
21
Bila CG, Perreira CL, Gruys E. Accidental toxicosis in horses in Mozambique. J South Afr Vet Associat 2001; 72(3): 163-164.
22
Hussein MSH, Abd-El-Rahman AH. Hematological, Biochemical, Immunological and Histopathological changes caused by salinomycin in chicken. Egypt J nat toxins 2005; 2: 13-38.
23
Peixoto PV, Nogueira VA, Gonzalez AP. et al. Accidental and experimental salinomycin poisoning in rabbits. Pesq Vet Bras 2009; 29(9): 695-699.
24
Sawant SG, Terse PS, Dalvi RR. Toxicity of dietary monensin in quail. Avian Dis 1990; 34: 571-574.
25
Reyes-Gordillo K, Segovia J, Shibayama M, et al. Curcumin prevents and reverses cirrhosis induced by bile duct obstruction or CCl4 in rats: Role of TGF-b modulation and oxidative stress. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 22(4): 417-27.
26
Yue GGL, Chan BC, Hon PM, et al. Evaluation of in vitro antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities of compounds isolated from Curcuma longa. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48(8-9): 2011-2020.
27
Lao CD, Ruffin MT, Normolle D, et al. Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006; 6(10):1.
28
Sodhi S, Sharma A, Brar RS. A protective effect of vitamin E and Selenium in ameliorating the immunotoxicity of malathion in chicks. Vet Res Communications 2006; 30(8): 935-942.
29
Tayeb IT, Qader GK. Effect of feed supplementation of selenium and vitamin E on production performance and some hematological parameters of broiler. KSU J Nat Sci 2012; 15(3): 46-56.
30
Dlouha G, Sevcikova S, Dokoupilova A, et al. Effect of dietary selenium sources on growth performance, breast muscle selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidative stability in broilers. Czech J Anim Sci 2008; 53(6): 265-269.
31
Arshami J, Pilevar M, Aami Azghadi M, et al. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of curcumin on blood parameters, humoral immunity, and jejunum histology in Hy-line hens. Avicenna J Phytomed 2013; 3(2):178-185.
32
Madhavi K, Saraswathi VS. In vivo toxicological evaluation of chlorpyrifos pesticide on female albino mice: Therapeutic effects of Curcuma longa. Inter J Pharm Sci Res 2011; (2):439-447.
33
Nakamurya K, Imada Y, Maeda M. Lymphocytic depletion of bursa of Fabricius and thymus in chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli. Vet Pathol1986; 23(6): 712-717.
34
Shalaby MA, El-Sanousi AA, Yehia MM, et al. The effect of salinomycin on the immune response ofchicks. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1993;100(5):182-185.
35
Nain S, Bour A, Chalmers C, et al. Immunotoxicity and disease resistance in Japanese quail (Corturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to malathion. Ecotoxicol 2011; 20(4): 892-900.
36
Narendra K. Studies on pathology of experimental salt toxicity in relation to turmeric feeding in cockerel. Indian J Vet Path 2004; 28(2):147.
37
Hoehler D. Marquardt RR. Influence of vitamin E and C on the toxic effects of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in chicks. Poult Sci 1996; 75(12): 1508-1515.
38
Akram M, Uddin S, Ahmed A, et al. Curcuma longa and and curcumin: a review article. Rom J Biol-Plant 2010; 55(2): 65–70.
39
Gowda NKS, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, et al. Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa), containing a known level of curcumin, and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2008; 87(6): 1125-1130.
40
Gowda NKS, Ledoux DR, Goerge ER, et al. Antioxidant efficacy of curcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder in broiler chickens fed diets containing aflatoxin B1. Brit J Nutr 2009; 102(11): 1629-1634.
41
Erenoglu C, Kanter M, Aksu B, et al. Protective effect of curcumin on liver damage induced by biliary obstruction in rats. Balkan Med J 2011; 28: 352-357.
42
Cheng H, Liu W, Ai X. Protective effect of curcumin on myocardial ischemial reperfusion injury in rats. J Chin Med Mat 2005; 28(10): 920-922.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anatomical and morphometrical study of middle ear ossicles in 2 to 3-month-old Makouei sheep fetuses
The middle ear ossicles are important due to transmission of sound to the inner ear leading to sound understanding. The aim of present study was to determine the anatomical and morphometrical aspects of middle ear ossicles in Makouei sheep fetuses. For this experimental study, eight sheep fetuses at the age of 2 to 3 months were provided from public slaughterhouse; their middle ear ossicles were removed from tympanic cavity subsequently and assessed anatomically using stereomicroscope. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used. The results showed that rostral process of malleus doesn’t exist, but an osseous lamina extending to the tympanic bulla and tympanic ring is located in this place. Moreover, lenticular bone and muscular process of stapes weren’t found. These findings were similar to the other animal’s ossicles anatomical features, but there were also some differences that can be useful for study of these ossicles developmental evolution.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27373_4b4d42145ff3ecccec5a5185ddd9fd96.pdf
2017-09-15
237
241
anatomy
Fetus
Middle ear
Ossicle
Sheep
Naeimeh
Simaei
simaei_na@yahoo.com
1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhad
Soltanalinejad
fsoltanalinejad@yahoo.com
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Najafi
g.najafi@mail.urmia.ac.ir
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Shalizar Jalali
ali_shalizar@yahoo.com
4
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Erdogan S, Kilinc M. Gross anatomy and arterial vascularization of the tympanic cavity and osseous labyrinth in mid-gestational bovine fetuses. Anat Rec 2010; 293: 2083-2093.
1
Mason MJ. Evolution of the middle ear apparatus in Talpid moles. J Morphol 2006; 267: 678-695.
2
Konig HE, Liebich HG. Veterinary anatomy of domestic mammals. Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer 2004; 569.
3
Dyce KM, Sackand WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders 1996; 342-345.
4
Kurtul I, Cevik A, Bozkurt EU, et al. A detailed subgross morphometric study on the auditory ossicles of the New Zealand rabbit. Anat Histol Embryol 2003; 32(4): 249-252.
5
Ars B, Decraemerand W, Ars-Piret N. Tympano-ossicular allografts: Morphology and physiology. Am J Otolaryngol 1987; 8: 148-154.
6
Frandson RD, Wilke WL, Fails AD. Anatomy and physiology of farm animals. 7th ed. Colorado, USA: Wiley Blackwell 2009; 192-198.
7
Anson BJ, Bast TH. Development of the stapes of the human ear. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch 1959; 33(1): 44-59.
8
Ars B. Organogenesis of the middle ear structures. J Laryngol Otol 1989; 103(1): 16-21.
9
Hanson JR, Anson BJ, Bast TH. The early embryology of the auditory ossicles in man. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch 1959; 33(4): 358-379.
10
Kosiagina EB. Development of structural elements of the middle ear in humans. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 1979; 77(9): 73-79.
11
Louryan S. Middle ear ossicles development in the human embryo: Correlation with the mouse embryo's features [French]. Bull Assoc Anat 1993; 236: 29-32.
12
Richany SF, Bast TH, Anson BJ. The development and adult structure of the malleus, incus and stapes. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1954; 63(2): 394-434.
13
Rodriguez JF, Merida JR, Jimenez J. A study of the os goniale in man. Acta Anat 1991; 142(2): 188-192.
14
Whyte J, Cisneros A, Yus C, et al. Development of the dynamic structure (force lines) of the middle ear ossicles in human fetuses. Histol Histopathol 2008; 23: 1049-1060.
15
Unur E, Ulger H, Ekinci N. Morphometrical and morphological variations of middle ear ossicles in the newborn. Erciyes Med J 2002; 24(2): 57-63.
16
Mohammadpour AA. Morphological study of auditory ossicles in mouse. J Appl Anim Res 2010; 37: 269-271.
17
Lavinsky L, Seibel V. Detailed histologic, anatomic, and morphometric study of the middle ear in sheep to establish a new experimental model. In: Takasaka T, Yuasa R, Hozawa K (Eds). Recent advances in otitis media. Sendai, Japan: Monduzzi 2001; 231-235.
18
Artur G, Noakes D, Pearson H. Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. London, UK: Baillier Tindall 1996; 62.
19
Mohammadpour AA. Morphology and morphometrical study of hamster middle ear bones. Iran J Vet Res 2011; 12(2): 121-126.
20
Padmini MP, Rao BN. Morphological variations in human fetal ear ossicles. Int J Anat Res 2013; 1(2): 40-42.
21
Botti M, Secci F, Ragionieri L, et al. Auditory ossicles in the ruminants: Comparative morphological analysis with the analogues formations of horse. Ann Fac Medic Vet di Parma 2006; 26: 91-96.
22
Proop D, Hawke M, Berger G, et al. The anterior process of the malleus. J Otolaryngol 1984; 13(1): 39-43.
23
Seibel VAA, Lavinsky L, Oliveira JAP. Morphometric study of the external and middle ear anatomy in sheep: A possible model for ear experiments. Clin Anat 2006; 19(6): 503-509.
24
Lange S, Stalleicken J, Burda H. Functional morphology of the ear in fossorial rodents, Microtus arvalis and Arvicola terrestris. J Morphol 2004; 262(3): 770-779.
25
Pracy JP, White A, Mustafa Y, et al. The comparative anatomy of the pig middle ear cavity: A model for middle ear inflammation in the human. J Anat 1998; 192(3): 359-368.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Function of vitrified mouse ovaries tissue under static magnetic field after autotransplantation
This study was designed to investigate the effects of applying 1 mT static magnetic field (SMF) during the vitrification process, on the viability of ovarian follicles after vitrification-warming and autotransplantation. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, ovaries of female NMRI mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: 1- Freshly isolated ovaries fixed in Bouin solution (control group), 2- Ovaries vitrified-warmed without exposure to magnetic field (V1 group) and 3- Ovaries exposed to magnetic field during equilibration step of the vitrification process (V2 group). In the second phase, the vitrified (V1 and V2 groups) and fresh ovarian tissues were autografted into the back muscles of the mice from which the ovaries were extracted. In both phases, morphological aspects and molecular characteristics of active-apoptotic caspase-3 antibody were evaluated. Results indicated the lower percentages of morphologically intact primordial, primary and antral follicles in the V1 group (67.6, 49.5 and 17.6%, respectively) than those of control (97.3, 85.4 and 42.1%, respectively) and V2 (94.1, 78.8 and 40.9%, respectively) groups. In addition, the mean percentages of morphologically intact follicles in the V1 group were statistically lower than those in other groups, after transplantation. The rate of apoptosis in preantral follicles of the V1 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. It was concluded that exposure of mice ovaries to SMF during vitrification resulted in greater resistance to injuries.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27374_61f3b23d55055c6cf388df6ceebde083.pdf
2017-09-15
243
249
Apoptosis
Autotransplantation
Magnetic field
Mouse
Ovarian vitrification
Vida Sadat
Kazemein Jasemi
1
Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Firooz
Samadi
2
Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hussein
Eimani
eimanih@royaninstitute.org
3
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Hasani
hasani@gau.ac.ir
4
Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Rouhollah
Fathi
rfathi79@royaninstitute.org
5
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolhossein
Shahverdi
shahverdi@royaninstitute.org
6
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Shahi Sadrabadi
biology_pnu@yahoo.com
7
Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Posillico S, Kader A, Falcone T, et al. Ovarian tissue vitrification: Modalities, challenges and potentials. Curr Womens Health Rev 2010; 6(4):352-366.
1
Shaw J, Jones G. Terminology associated with vitrification and other cryopreservation procedures for oocytes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2003; 9(6):583-605.
2
Kojima SI, Kaku M, Kawata T, et al. Cranial suture-like gap and bone regeneration after transplantation of cryopreserved MSCs by use of a programmed freezer with magnetic field in rats. Cryobiology 2015; 70(3):262-268.
3
Pang XF, Deng B. Infrared absorption spectra of pure and magnetized water at elevated temperatures. Europhys Lett 2011; 92(6):65001.
4
Lee SYS, Sun CHB, Kuo TF, et al. Determination of cryoprotectant for magnetic cryopreservation of dental pulp tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18: 397-407.
5
Ideta A, Hayama K, Urakawa M, et al. Cryopreservation of bovine biopsed embryo under a magnetic field. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 19(1): 178.
6
Otero L, Rodríguez AC, Pérez‐Mateos M, et al. Effects of magnetic fields on freezing: Application to biological products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Safe 2016; 15(3):646-667.
7
Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Sakly M, et al. Bioeffects of static magnetic fields: Oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and cancer studies. Biomed Res Int 2013; 602987. doi: 10.1155/2013/602987.
8
Rosen AD. Mechanism of action of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on biological systems. Cell Biochem Biophys 2003;39(2):163-173.
9
Behbahanian A, Eimani H, Zeinali B, et al. In vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture of oocytes obtained from vitrified auto-transplanted mouse ovary. Int J Fertil Steril 2013, (6) 278-285.
10
Fathi R, Valojerdi MR, Eimani H, et al. Sheep ovarian tissue vitrification by two different dehydration protocols and needle immersing methods. Cryo letters 2011; 32(1):51-56.
11
Liu J, Van der Elst J, Van den Broecke R, et al. Early massive follicle loss and apoptosis in heterotopically grafted newborn mouse ovaries. Hum Reprod 2002; 17(3):605-611.
12
Kawata T, Abedini S, Kaku M, et al. Effects of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) free cryopreservation with program freezing using a magnetic field on periodontal ligament cells and dental pulp tissues. Biomed Res 2012;23(3):438-443.
13
Kyono K, Doshida M, Toya M, et al. New freezing method by pulsed magnetic field effects; whole ovaries of cynomolgus monkeys and rabbits. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20 (Suppl. 3): S12.
14
Moriguchi H, Zhang Y, Mihara M, et al. Successful cryopreservation of human ovarian cortex tissues using supercooling. Sci Rep 2012; 2: 537.
15
Stange BC, Rowland RE, Rapley BI, et al. ELF Magnetic field increase amino acid uptake into Vicia faba L. roots and alter ion movement across the plasma membrane. Bioelectromagnetics 2002; 33: 347-354.
16
Antov Y, Barbul A, Mantsur H, et al. Electroendocytosis exposure of cells to pulsed low electric fields enhances adsorption and uptake of macromolecules. Biophys J 2005; 88: 2206-2223.
17
Teodori L, Grabarek J, Smolewski P, et al. Exposure of cells to static magnetic field accelerates loss of integrity of plasma membrane during apoptosis. Cytometry 2002; 49:113-118.
18
Rosen AD. A proposed mechanism for the action of strong static magnetic fields on biomembranes. Int J Neurosci 1993; 73(1-2):115-119.
19
Rosen AD. Membrane response to static magnetic fields: Effect of exposure duration. Biochim Biophys Acta1993; 1148(2):317-320.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the estradiol production of ovine Sertoli cells
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors of transcription factors composed of three family members: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of PPARs in the estradiol production via follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the ovine Sertoli cells. At the first step, transcripts of PPARα, PPARβ /δ and PPARγ were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the ovine Sertoli cells in vitro after FSH treatment. PPARγ transcript was increased in FSH-treated cells while PPARα and PPAR β /δ transcripts were unchanged. At the second step, Pioglitazone as PPARγ agonist and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide (GW9662) as PPARγ antagonist were used in the FSH-treated Sertoli cells and then, the estradiol production and aromatase transcript were evaluated. Aromatase transcript was increased by pioglitazone in the FSH-treated Sertoli cells while GW9662 did not change its transcript. The estradiol production was increased by low concentrations of pioglitazone in FSH-treated Sertoli cells while the production of this hormone was decreased by the high concentration of Pioglitazone. The GW9662 did not change the production of estradiol in FSH-treated Sertoli cells. It is concluded that FSH regulates the estradiol production and aromatase expression in a way independently of PPARβ/δ and PPARα activation, although FSH increases the transcript of PPARγ and in this way, it could affect (mostly increase) aromatase transcript and estradiol production. Probably, this effect of FSH in the estradiol production via PPARγ is only a servo-assist mechanism which if it was inhibited, the estradiol production was not considerably affected.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27375_56ea4f578d78e04e3b31eaa26a40b1e3.pdf
2017-09-15
251
257
Aromatase
Estradiol
PPAR
Sertoli cell
Sheep
Hossein
Hassanpour
hassanpour-h@vet.sku.ac.ir
1
Department of Gamete and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Valiallah
Khalaji-Pirbalouty
vkhalaji@sci.sku.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Manoochehr
Adibi
adiby1347@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Nazari
hassan_nzr@yahoo.com
4
Department of Gamete and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Sorensen H, Treuter E, Gustafsson J. Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Vitam Horm 1998; 54: 121-166.
1
Froment P, Gizard F, Defever D, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in reproductive tissues: from gametogenesis to parturition. J Endocrinol 2006; 189: 199-209.
2
Douard V, Hermier D, Magistrini M, et al. Reproductive period affects lipid composition and quality of fresh and stored spermatozoa in turkeys. Theriogenology 2003; 59: 753-764.
3
Staels B, Fruchart J. Therapeutic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Diabetes 2005; 54: 2460-2470.
4
Debril M, Renaud J, Fajas L, et al. The pleiotropic functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. J Mol Med 2001; 79: 30-47.
5
Hara S, Takahashi T, Amita M, et al. Pioglitazone counteracts the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced follicular development and estradiol production in an in vitro mouse preantral follicle culture system. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6: 1-8.
6
Bhattacharya N, Dufour JM, Vo MN, et al. Differential effects of phthalates on the testis and the liver. Biol Reprod 2005; 72: 745-754.
7
Braissant O, Foufelle F, Scotto C, et al. Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha,-beta, and-gamma in the adult rat. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 354-366.
8
Kadivar A, Heidari Khoei H, Hassanpour H, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ) gene expression profile on ram spermatozoa and their relation to the sperm motility. Vet Res Forum 2016; 7: 27-34.
9
Walker WH, Cheng J. FSH and testosterone signaling in Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2005; 130: 15-28.
10
Skinner MK. Sertoli cell secreted regulatory factors Sertoli cell biology. San Diego, USA: Elsevier Science 2005:107-120.
11
Izadyar F, Spierenberg G, Creemers L. Isolation and purification of type A spermatogonia from the bovine testis. Reproduction 2002; 124: 85-94.
12
Hassanpour H, Kadivar A, Mirshokraei P, et al. Connexin-43: A possible mediator of heat stress effects on ram Sertoli cells. Vet Res Forum 2015; 6: 125-130.
13
Minaee Zanganeh B, Roudkenar M, Kashani IR. Co-culture of spermatogonial stem cells with Sertoli cells in the presence of testosterone and fsh improved differentiation via up-regulation of post meiotic genes. Act Med Iranica 2013; 51: 1-11.
14
Hassanpour H, Mirshokraei P, Khalili Sadrabad E, et al. In vitro effect of nanosilver on gene expression of superoxide dismutases and nitric oxide synthases in chicken Sertoli cells. Animal 2015; 9: 295-300.
15
Ahmadipour B, Hassanpour H, Asadi E, et al. Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf- A promising medicinal herb to prevent pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens reared at high altitude. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 159: 49-54.
16
Hassanpour H, Afzali A, Bahadoran S. Diminished gene expression of cardiac heat shock proteins in pulmonary hypertensive chickens. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54: 581-586.
17
Primers-BLAST: A tool for finding specific primers. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/index.cgi?LINK_LOC=BlastHome. Accessed at Oct 12, 2014.
18
Standard Nucleotide BLAST. Available at: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch.Accessed at October 12, 2014.
19
Ruijter JM, Ramakers C, Hoogaars WMH, et al. Amplification efficiency: Linking baseline and bias in the analysis of quantitative PCR data. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 7:e45. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp045.
20
Dorak M. Real Time PCR. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis 2006: 41-62.
21
Hassanpour H, Nikoukara Z, Nasiri L, et al. Differential gene expression of three nitric oxide synthases is consistent with increased nitric oxide in the hindbrain of broilers with cold-induced pulmonary hypertension. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56: 436-442.
22
McDonald CA, Millena AC, Reddy S, et al. Follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase in immature rat Sertoli cells requires an active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and is inhibited via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 20: 608-618.
23
Matzkin M, Pellizzari E, Rossi S, et al. Exploring the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/15d-Δ -12, 14 PGJ 2 system in hamster Sertoli cells: Regulation by FSH/ testosterone and relevance to glucose uptake. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 179: 254-264.
24
Grygiel-Gorniak B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: Nutritional and clinical implications- a review. Nutr J 2014; 13: 1-10.
25
Froment P, Fabre Sp, Dupont Jl, et al. Expression and functional role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in ovarian folliculogenesis in the sheep. Biol Reprod 2003; 69: 1665-1674.
26
Schultz Rd, Yan W, Toppari J, et al. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in human and rat testis. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 2968-2975.
27
Mu YM, Yanase T, Nishi Y, et al. Insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, directly inhibits aromatase activity in human ovarian granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 271: 710-713.
28
Schoppee PD, Garmey JC, Veldhuis JD. Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells. Biol Reprod 2002; 66: 190-198.
29
Lohrke B, Viergutz T, Shahi SK, et al. Detection and functional characterisation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in lutein cells. J Endocrinol 1998; 159: 429-439.
30
Komar CM, Braissant O, Wahli W, et al. Expression and localization of PPARs in the rat ovary during follicular development and the periovulatory period. Endocrinology 2001; 142: 4831-4838.
31
Subbaramaiah K, Howe LR, Zhou XK, et al. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, suppresses CYP19 transcription: evidence for involvement of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and BRCA1. Cancer Prev Res 2012; 5: 1183-1194.
32
Kwintkiewicz J, Giudice LC. Endocrine disruptor bisphenol A induces expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ which contributes to down-regulation of FSH-stimulated aromatase expression and estradiol production in human granulosa KGN cells. Biol Reprod 2008; 78: 199.
33
Redondo S, Ruiz E, Santos-Gallego CG, et al. Pioglitazone induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta, and a Smad2-dependent mechanism. Diabetes 2005; 54: 811-817.
34
Sharma I, Singh D. Conjugated linoleic acids attenuate FSH-and IGF1-stimulated cell proliferation; IGF1, GATA4, and aromatase expression; and estradiol-17β production in buffalo granulosa cells involving PPARγ, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt. Reproduction 2012; 144: 373-383.
35
Seargent JM, Yates EA, Gill JH. GW9662, a potent antagonist of PPARγ, inhibits growth of breast tumour cells and promotes the anticancer effects of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone, independently of PPARγ activation. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143: 933-937.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of supplemental chromium picolinate and chromium nanoparticles on performance and antibody titers of infectious bronchitis and avian influenza of broiler chickens under heat stress condition
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium nanoparticles (nano-Cr) on the performance and immune function of broilers under heat stress condition. A total of 320 Ross 308 broiler chicks (from 21 to 42 days) were assigned randomly into eight treatment groups (four replicates per treatment, and 10 chicks per replicate) and be reared at either thermoneutral (21 ˚C) or heat stress (36 ◦C). The treatments were control (T1) group without supplementation and heat stress, T2 as a heat stress group without supplementation, T3, T4 and T5 groups which were supplemented with 500, 1000 and 1500 ppb CrPic in diet with heat stress, respectively and T6, T7 and T8 groups which were supplemented with 500, 1000 and 1500 ppb nano-chromium in diet under heat stress, respectively. Supplementation of chromium and nano-chromium improved performance including weight gain and feed conversion ratio of heat-stressed chickens. Antibody titers against avian influenza (AI) and infectious bronchitis (IB) at 21 to 42 days of age in broilers fed supplemental chromium and nano-chromium were higher than broiler chickens fed control diet (p < 0.05). Nano-chromium supplementation at level of 1000 ppb and CrPic at level of 1500 ppb improved the antibody titers against AI and IB of broilers under heat stress conditions. It can be concluded from these findings that dietary supplementation of CrPic and nano-Cr can improve performance and antibody titers against AI and IB under heat stress conditions in broilers.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27376_4a97179230f28e4efca6df780fd49cb0.pdf
2017-09-15
259
264
Avian influenza
Chromium
Heat stress
Infectious bronchitis
Nano-chromium
Farhad
Hajializadeh
f_hajializadeh@yahoo.com
1
Graduate Student, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Ghahri
gahri_hasan@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Talebi
a_talebi1337@yahoo.com
3
Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Rao SV, Raju MV, Panda AK, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147(3): 135-141.
1
Zha L, Xu ZR, Wang MQ, et al. Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8(5): 323-330.
2
Vincent JB. The biochemistry of chromium. J Nutr 2000; 130(4): 715-718.
3
Ghazi SH, Habibian M, Moeini MM, et al. Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146(3): 309-317.
4
Donker RA, Nieuwland MG, van der Zijpp AJ. Heat stress influences on antibody production in chicken lines selected for high and low immune responsiveness. Poult Sci 1990; 69(4): 599-607.
5
Bozkurt M, Kucukvilmaz K, Catli AU, et al. Performance, egg quality, and immune response of laying hens fed diets supplemented with manna-oligosaccharide or an essential oil mixture under moderate and hot environmental conditions. Poult Sci 2012; 91(6): 1379-1386.
6
Anderson RA. Chromium in trace elements in human and animal nutrition. In: Mertz W (Ed). The role of chromium in animal nutrition. 5th ed. New York, USA: Academic Press 1988; 225-244.
7
Amata IA. Chromium in livestock nutrition: A review. Glo Adv Res J Agric Sci 2013; 2(12): 289-306.
8
Kegley EB, Spears JW. Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium. J Anim Sci 1995; 73(9): 2721-2726.
9
Borgs P, Mallard BA. Immune-endocrine interactions in agricultural species: Chromium and its effect on health and performance. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998; 15(5): 431-438.
10
Aengwanich W. Pathological changes and the effects of ascorbic acid on lesion scores of bursa of fabricius in broilers under chronic heat stress. Res J Vet Sci 2010; 1(1): 62-66.
11
Luo X, Guo YL, Liu B, et al. Effect of dietary chromium on growth, serum biochemical traits and immune responses of broiler chicks during 0-3 weeks of age. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica 1999; 30: 481-489.
12
Toghyani M, Zarkesh S, Shivazad M, et al. Immune responses of broiler chicks fed chromium picolinate in heat stress condition. J Poult Sci 2007; 44(3): 330-334.
13
Bartlett JR, Smith MO. Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci 2003; 82(10): 1580-1588.
14
Ebrahimzadeh SK, Farhoomand P, Noori N. Immune response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with different level of chromium methionine under heat stress conditions. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25(2): 256-260.
15
Zulkifli I, Che Norma MT, Israf DA, et al. The effect of early age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures in female broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2000; 79(10): 1401-1407.
16
Lee DN, Fu-Yu W, Yeong-Hsiang C, et al. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2003; 16(2):
17
NRC. Nutrient requirements of poultry. Washington, USA: National Academy of Science Press 1994; 61-68.
18
OIE. Avian Influenza, Chapter 2.3.4. OIE Terrestrial Manual. Paris, France: OIE 2015; 1-23.
19
Akbari M, Torki M. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Int J Biometeorol 2014; 58(6): 1383-1391.
20
Sahin N, Sahin K, Onderci M, et al. Chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail. Br Poult Sci 2005; 46(4): 457-463.
21
Sirirat N, Lu J, Tsung-Yu Hung A, et al. Effects different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance, mineral retention, and immune responses in broiler chickens. J Agric Sci 2012; 4(12): 48-58.
22
Kim SW, Han IK, Choi YJ, et al. Effects of chromium picolinate on growth performance, carcass composition and serum traits of broilers fed dietary different levels of crude protein. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 1995; 8(5): 463-470.
23
Jackson AR, Powell S, Johnston S, et al. The Effect of chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers. J Appl Poult Res 2008; 17(4): 476-481.
24
Anandhi M, Mathivanan R, Viswanathan K, et al. Dietary inclusion of organic chromium on production and carcass characteristics of broilers. Int J Poult Sci 2006; 5(9): 880-884.
25
Al-Mashhadani EH, DK Ibrahim, LK Al-Bandr. Effect of supplementing different levels of chromium yeast to diet on broiler chickens performance. Int J Poult Sci 2010; 9(4): 376-381.
26
Ahmad T, Khalid T, Mushtaq T, et al. Effect of potassium chloride supplementation in drinking water on broiler performance under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2008; 87(7): 1276-1280.
27
Onderci M, Sahin N, Sahin K, et al. Antioxidant properties of chromium and zinc: in vivo effects on digestibility, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant vitamins, and some minerals under a low ambient temperature. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003; 92(2): 139-149.
28
Borel JS, Majerus TC, Polansky MM, et al. Chromium intake and urinary Cr excretion of trauma patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 1984; 6(4): 317-326.
29
Burton JL, Mallard BA, Mowat DN. Effects of supplemental chromium on immune responses of periparturient and early lactation dairy cows. J Anim Sci 1993; 71(6): 1532-1539.
30
Kheiri F, Toghyani M. Effect of different levels of chromium chloride on performance and antibody titer against Newcastle and avian influenza virus in broiler chicks: 16th European symposium on poultry nutrition. Strasbourg, France 2007; 331-334.
31
Jahanian R, Rasouli E. Dietary chromium methionine supplementation could alleviate immunosuppressive effects of heat stress in broiler chicks. J Anim Sci 2015; 93(7): 3355-3363.
32
Bhagat J, Ahmed KA, Tyagi P, et al. Effects of supple-mental chromium on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression in response to Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler chicken. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85(1): 46-51.
33
Khajavi M, Rahimi S, Hassan ZM, et al. Effect of feed restriction early in life on humoral and cellular immunity of two commercial broiler strains under heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 2003; 44(3): 490-497.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraskeletal osteoma in a canary (Serinus canaria)
Osteoma is an uncommon bone tumor in avian species and other animals. A 2-year-old male canary (Serinus canaria) with a history of an oval mass in the left wing for several months was examined. Radiographs showed a radio-opaque mass. Upon the bird’s owner request, the canary was euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. The histopathologic examination revealed numerous trabeculae consisting of both woven and lamellar bone covered by one to several rows of normal osteoblasts. The trabeculae were closely packed, having only small intertrabecular spaces which contained proliferating osteoblasts, sinusoids and myeloid tissue. Based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings, the mass was diagnosed as extraskeletal osteoma. To the best of authors’ knowledge, extraskeletal osteoma has not been reported in in avian species so far, and this is the first report of osteoma tumor in the birds. However, benign tumors of bones are extremely rare in the birds, osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the birds with bone lesions.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27377_c849cd8e97eb6530e241654fa6d8f7c8.pdf
2017-09-15
265
268
Avian
Canary (Serinus canaria)
Extraskeletal osteoma
Histopathology
Moosa
Javdani
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hashemnia
m.hashemnia@razi.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Nikousefat
yaldanikousefat@gmail.com
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ghasemi
mohammad_ghasemi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Head KW, Dixon PM. Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumors. Part 1: Review of the literature and tumor classification. Vet J 1999; 157(3):261-278.
1
Thompson KG, Pool RR. Tumors of bones. In: Meuten DJ (Ed). Tumors in domestic Animals. 4th ed. Ames, USA: Blackwell Publishing Company 2002; 245-318.
2
Kayiran O, Bektas C, Uysal A, et al. A Simple look-up on soft tissue osteoma: Report of a case. Internet J Plast Surg 2009; 7:1-4.
3
Rumbaugh GE, Pool RR, Wheat JD. Atypical osteoma of the nasal passage and paranasal sinus in a bull. Cornell Vet 1978; 68(4):544-554.
4
Jongeward SJ. Primary bone tumors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1985; 15(3):609-641.
5
Steinman A, Sutton GA, Lichawski D, et al. Osteoma of paranasal sinuses in a horse with inspiratory dyspnoea. Aust Vet J 2002; 80(3):140-142.
6
Perez V, Rua P, Benavides J, et al. Osteoma in the skull of a sheep. J Comp Pathol 2004; 130(4):319-322.
7
Reece RL. Observations on naturally occurring neoplasms in birds in the state of Victoria, Australia. Avian Pathol 1992; 21(1):3-32.
8
Reece RL. Some observations on naturally occurring neoplasms of domestic fowls in the state of Victoria, Australia (1977-87). Avian Pathol 1996; 25(3):407-447.
9
Campbell JG, Appleby EC. Tumours in young chickens bred for rapid body growth (broiler chickens): A study of 351 cases. J Pathol Bacteriol 1996; 92(1):77-90.
10
Hahn KA, Jones MP, Petersen MG, et al. Clinical and pathological characterization of an osteoma in a barred owl. Avian Pathol 1998; 27(3):306-308.
11
Cowan ML, Yang PJ, Monks DJ, et al. Suspected osteoma in an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus roratus). J Avian Med Surg 2011; 25(4):281-285.
12
Cardoso JFR, Levy MGB, Liparisi F, et al. Osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). Avian Med Surg 2013; 27(3):218-221.
13
Feldman AT, Wolfe D. Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1180:31-43.
14
Razmyar J, Dezfoulian O, Peighambari SM. Ossifying fibroma in a canary (Serinus canaria). J Avian Med Surg 2008; 22(4):320-322.
15
Rogers AB, Gould DH. Ossifying fibroma in a sheep. Small Ruminant Res 1998; 28:193-197.
16
Conner JR, Hornick JL. SATB2 is a novel marker of osteoblastic differentiation in bone and soft tissue tumors. Histopathology 2013; 63:36-49.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cerebral astrocytoma in a sheep
Astrocytoma as one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors is rarely reported in veterinary literature. A 7-year-old Persian Lori-Bakhtiari ewe was presented to the clinic with a two months history of progressive blindness, nystagmus to the right, bilaterally decreased pupillary reflexes, head pressing and paddling. At necropsy, a whitish well-circumscribed mass with dimensions of 3.50×2.50×1.50 cm was observed in the dorsal parietal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere. Microscopically, the mass was well-circumscribed and highly cellular, consisted of round to elongated cells with scant and vacuolated cytoplasm with few, flaccid processes. The nuclei were round to oval with densely stippled chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemical analyses showed positive staining for vimentin, S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Definitive diagnosis of cerebral protoplasmic astrocytoma was made on the basis of the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. This type of neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesions in the sheep.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_27378_b4f0919dd9806e8e7f79215fba4c373e.pdf
2017-09-15
269
273
Astrocytoma
Histopathology
Immunohistochemistry
Sheep
Ghasem
Farjanikish
farjanikish.gh@lu.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azizollah
Khodakaram-Tafti
tafti@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Dezfoulian
dezfoulian.o@lu.ac.ir
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Koestner A, Higgins RJ. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press 2008; 699-703.
1
Santana FF, Serakides R, Graca DL. Pilocytic astrocytoma in a cat. Vet Pathol 2002; 39: 759-761.
2
McKeever PE, Boyer PJ. The brain, spinal cord, and meninges. In: Mills SE (Eds). Steenbergs diagnostic surgical pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2004: 399-503.
3
Summers BA, Cummings JF, Lahunta A. Veterinary neuropathology, St. Louis, USA: Mosby 1995; 35-401.
4
Wilson PE, Oleszek JL, Clayton GH. Pediatric spinal cord tumors and masses. J Spinal Cord Med 2007; 30: 515-520.
5
Burger PC, Scheithauer BW. Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Rosai J (Eds). Atlas of tumor pathology. Washington, USA: Armed forces institute of pathology 1994; 25-107.
6
Fankhauser R, Luginbuhl H, McGrath JT. Tumors of the nervous system. Bull World Health Organ 1974; 50: 53-69.
7
Higgins RJ. Tumors of the nervous system. Part I. Pathology. In: Theilenand GH, Madewell BR (Eds). Veterinary cancer medicine, Philadelphia, USA: Lea & Febiger 1987; 602-606.
8
Cordy DR. Tumors of the nervous system and eye. In: Moulton JE (Ed). Tumors in domestic animals. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press 1990; 430-433.
9
Delas Mulas JM, Bautista MJ, Fernando CM, et al. Fibrillary astrocytoma in a goat: Pathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. J Vet Diagn Invest 1996; 8: 387-389.
10
Frenier SL, Kraft SL, Moore MP, et al. Canine intracranial astrocytomas and comparison with the human counterpart. Compend Contin Educ Small Anim 1990; 12: 1422-1433.
11
Meuten DJ. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press 2008; 723-738.
12
Cotchin E. Spontaneous tumors in young animals. Proc R Soc Med 1975; 68: 653-655.
13
Elsinghorst TA. First cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 5. Sheep. Vet Q 2003; 25: 165-169.
14
Derakhshanfar A, Mozaffari AA. First report of oligodendroglioma in a sheep. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2010; 81: 114-115.
15
Pintus D, Marruchella G, Masia M, et al. Glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component in a ewe. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28(4): 449-454.
16
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