Maria Ayala; Jorge Hernández-Urcera; Marina Santaella; María Carmen Martínez Graciá; Octavio López-Albors; Rosa Cal
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 105-112
Abstract
The muscle and textural parameters were analyzed in four myotome zones (epaxial upper, hipoaxial upper, epaxial bottom, and hipoaxial bottom) in seven diploids (D) and seven triploids (T) turbot specimens. Diploid specimens showed the highest values of the size and number of white fibers in the epaxial ...
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The muscle and textural parameters were analyzed in four myotome zones (epaxial upper, hipoaxial upper, epaxial bottom, and hipoaxial bottom) in seven diploids (D) and seven triploids (T) turbot specimens. Diploid specimens showed the highest values of the size and number of white fibers in the epaxial zones, being such values higher in female than male specimens. In triploid specimens, the highest fibers sizes were found in the upper zones (epaxial and hipoaxial), whereas the lowest number and density of fibers were found in the epaxial upper zone. In this latter group (T), the lowest fibers sizes were found in female specimens, whereas the rest of the parameters were usually higher in female than male specimens. When comparing both groups, the hypertrophy was higher in T than D in all zones. In both ploidy groups, the highest textural values were usually observed in the upper epaxial fillet, being slightly higher in female than male specimens. The values of standard length, total weight, gonad weight, gonadosomatic index and gutted weight were higher in female than male specimens in both groups (D and T).
Mahdi Eghbali; Sayed Mortaza Alavi-Shoushtari; Siamak Asri-Rezaei; Mohammad-Hassan Khadem Ansari
Volume 1, Issue 3 , December 2010, , Pages 142-148
Abstract
In order to determine iron and lead content of seminal plasma in water buffalo and to study their associations with the semen characteristics, 54 semen samples were collected from 10 buffalo bulls. The semen characteristics were evaluated; its iron and lead content were estimated by atomic absorption ...
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In order to determine iron and lead content of seminal plasma in water buffalo and to study their associations with the semen characteristics, 54 semen samples were collected from 10 buffalo bulls. The semen characteristics were evaluated; its iron and lead content were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The iron and lead content of the seminal plasma (Mean ± SEM) was recorded as 40.68 ± 0.75 mg L-1 and 0.026 ± 0.008 mg L -1, respectively. The mean iron value was highly associated with sperm progressive motility, gross motility and viability, negatively with lead content, and had a negative association with semen volume. The mean lead value was highly negatively associated with sperm progressive motility, gross motility, viability and positively associated with sperm abnormal morphology. For further clarification of these associations, the results were categorized in three groups of excellent (Ex, > 90 % motile, n = 33), good (Go, 80-89 % motile, n = 15) and moderate (Mo, < 79 % motile, n = 6) according to their percentage of sperm motility. The mean progressive motility in Ex, Go and Mo group was 92.24 ± 0.51 %, 81.66 ± 0.62 %, and 71.66 ± 1.05 % respectively. The mean iron and lead values and their associations with other parameters in these groups are discussed. The results show that seminal plasma iron content is associated with the motility and viability of the spermatozoa after ejaculation, but its lead content has an adverse effect on these parameters.
Kubra Karakas Alkan; Hasan Alkan; Mustafa Kaymaz; Ismail Hakki Izgur
Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 143-148
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the superovulation response and pregnancy rates of fresh and vitrified-thawed embryos after transfer in Angora goats with comparing transfer at the beginning (BS) and end (ES) of the breeding season. Nine Angora goats were used as donors in both periods. Donor goats were synchronized ...
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This study aimed to assess the superovulation response and pregnancy rates of fresh and vitrified-thawed embryos after transfer in Angora goats with comparing transfer at the beginning (BS) and end (ES) of the breeding season. Nine Angora goats were used as donors in both periods. Donor goats were synchronized and superovulated with the FSH and mated with five fertile bucks. At 156 hr following mating, embryos were collected surgically. Recipient Angora goats were divided into two groups at the beginning (fresh, n=15; vitrified-thawed, n=15) and end (fresh, n = 8; vitrified-thawed, n = 8) of the breeding season. Fresh or vitrified-thawed grade I embryos (early blastocyst/blastocyst) were transferred surgically to synchronized recipients. On the 30th, 60th and 90th day of transfer, goats were examined by ultrasonography. The number of corpora lutea (CL), total oocyte/embryo and transferable embryos obtained in BS was found to be statistically higher than ES. On the 30th day of transfer, pregnancy rates were 73.30% and 75.00% in the fresh transfer groups in both BS and ES periods; while, rates of 20.00% and 37.50% were found in the vitrified-thawed group, respectively. The embryo survival rates of fresh transfers were 55.55% and 31.25% at BS and ES, respectively. The number of CL, total oocyte/embryo and transferable embryos in the BS was higher than ES following superovulation. Also, fresh embryo transfer can be successfully carried out during the breeding season in Angora goats. Moreover, although pregnancies were obtained following the transfer of vitrified-thawed embryos, they did not sustain on the 60th and 90th days. So, further studies are needed for the vitrified-thawed embryos.
Iraj Khalili; Rahim Ghadimipour; Ali Ameghi; Saeed Sedigh-Eteghad
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 145-148
Abstract
There are little information about growth properties of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) at different incubation temperatures. Knowledge of this information increases the quantity and quality of antigen in vaccine production process. For this purpose, ...
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There are little information about growth properties of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) at different incubation temperatures. Knowledge of this information increases the quantity and quality of antigen in vaccine production process. For this purpose, 10-5 dilution of AIV (A/Chicken/Iran/99/H9N2) was inoculated (Intra-allantoic) into 400, 11-day old specific pathogen free (SPF) ECEs in the 0.1 mL per ECE rate and incubated in 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37.5, 38, 39 ˚C for 72 hr in 65% humidity. Early death embryos in first 24 hr were removed. Amnio-allantoic fluid was withdrawn into the measuring cylinder, and tested for hemagglutination (HA) activity and egg infective dose 50 (EID50). The utilizable ECEs and amnio-allantoic fluid volume was significantly increased in 35 ˚C, (p < 0.05). Significant difference in HA and EID50 titers, were seen only in 39 ˚C group. Therefore, 35°C is an optimum temperature for incubation of inoculated ECEs.
Vaishali Ghormade; Ankur Khare; R.P.S. Baghel
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 147-155
Abstract
Nutrigenomics applies genomic technologies to study how nutrients affect expression of genes. With the advent of the post genomic era and with the use of functional genomic tools, the new strategies for evaluating the effects of nutrition on production efficiency and nutrient utilization are becoming ...
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Nutrigenomics applies genomic technologies to study how nutrients affect expression of genes. With the advent of the post genomic era and with the use of functional genomic tools, the new strategies for evaluating the effects of nutrition on production efficiency and nutrient utilization are becoming available. Nutrigenomics plays an efficient role in various fields of animal health like nutrition, production, reproduction, disease process etc. Nutrigenomic approaches will enhance researchers‟ abilities to maintain animal health, optimize animal performance and improve milk and meat quality.
Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad; Sima Bordbar
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 159-165
Abstract
Rabbits have the capacity to regenerate holes in their ears by forming a blastema, a tissue that is made up of a group of undifferentiated cells. The purpose of the present study was to isolate and characterize blastema progenitor cells and compare them with marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Five ...
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Rabbits have the capacity to regenerate holes in their ears by forming a blastema, a tissue that is made up of a group of undifferentiated cells. The purpose of the present study was to isolate and characterize blastema progenitor cells and compare them with marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Five New Zealand white male rabbits were used in the present study. A 2-mm hole was created in the animal ears. After 4 days, the blastema ring formed in the periphery of the hole was removed and cultivated. The cells were expanded through several subcultures and compared with the MSCs derived from the marrow of same animal in terms of in vitro differentiation capacity, growth kinetics and culture requirements for optimal proliferation. The primary cultures from both cells tended to be heterogeneous. Fibroblastic cells became progressively dominant with advancing passages. Similar to MSCs blastema passaged-3 cells succeeded to differentiate into bone, cartilage and adipose cell lineages. Even lineage specific genes tended to express in higher level in blastema cells compared to MSCs (p < 0.05). Moreover blastema cells appeared more proliferative; producing more colonies (p < 0.05). While blastema cells showed extensive proliferation in 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), MSCs displayed higher expansion rate at 10% FBS. In conclusion, blastema from rabbit ear contains a population of fibroblastic cells much similar in characteristic to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, the two cells were different in the level of lineage-specific gene expression, the growth curve characteristics and the culture requirements.
Hassan Hassanzadazar; Ali Ehsani; Karim Mardani
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 169-175
Abstract
Viability of probiotic bacteria in food during maintenance and time of consuming in food has become a challenge in food hygiene and technology and is important for representing their beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the survival of probiotic Enterococcus faecium derived ...
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Viability of probiotic bacteria in food during maintenance and time of consuming in food has become a challenge in food hygiene and technology and is important for representing their beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the survival of probiotic Enterococcus faecium derived from Koopeh cheese added to industrial Iranian ultra-filtrated (UF) cheese and screening for antimicrobial activity of Enterococcus faecium against Listeria monocytogenes during two months of cheese ripening. Physiochemical and standard microbial methods were used for isolation of Enterococcus strains in cheese samples. The initial number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter culture was 6 Log g-1 in control samples. The counts started to decrease slightly after day seven (p < 0.05) and dropped to 5 Log g-1 at the end of 60 days. The count of LAB in the test groups decreased to 11 Log g-1 on the day 60 of ripening. The number of Enterococcus faecium was 6 Log g-1 on the day 60. The count of Listeria monocytogenes after 60 days of ripening in blank sample decreased 1 Log but in test samples with protective strain decreased 3 Log in 30 days and reached to zero at 45 days. There were not significant (p < 0.05) changes in chemical parameters such as fat, protein and total solid of UF cheese treatment groups. The results showed that Enterococcus faecium of Koopeh cheese was suitable for development of an acceptable probiotic UF cheese and could be adapted to industrial production of UF cheese.
Houshmand Sharafi; Mehran Moradi; Kiomars Sharafi
Volume 14, Issue 4 , April 2023, , Pages 179-194
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to assess the use of plant essential oils and extracts (PEOE) in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application through a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies published in multiple databases were explored via PRISMA protocol on November ...
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The purpose of this review was to assess the use of plant essential oils and extracts (PEOE) in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application through a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies published in multiple databases were explored via PRISMA protocol on November 1, 2022. According to the results, the interquartile range of pathogen reduction potential of essential oil (EO) in dairy products, irrespective of EO, film and product type, was 0.10 - 4.70 log CFU g-1 per % concentration. The findings from 38 articles indicate that among all EOs or their compounds, Zataria multiflora Boiss in protein film, thyme in protein film, Z. multiflora Boiss EO in protein film, Trans-cinnamaldehyde in carbohydrate film and lemongrass EO in protein film had extraordinary pathogen reduction potential on important foodborne pathogens. In the case of plant extract, fish gelatin film with Lepidium sativum extract, whey protein isolate film loaded with oregano EO and carboxymethyl cellulose film with clove EOs had the highest antimicrobial effect on mesophilic bacteria (9.50 log CFU g-1 per % concentration), yeast-mold (2.63 log CFU g-1 per % concentration) and mesophilic/ psychrophilic counts (> 9.06 log CFU g-1 per % concentration), respectively. Listeria monocytogenes is the primary species of interest; whereas, mesophiles and mold-yeast populations were the most investigated microbiota/mycobiota in cheese with PEOE-incorporated film. In light of these findings, the choice of PEOE at appropriate concentrations with the selection of appropriate edible film may improve the safety, sensory, and shelf life of dairy products.
Clinical Pathology
Belal Pashaie; Rahim Hobbenaghi; Hassan Malekinejad
Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 185-193
Abstract
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a perennial plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine in many countries. In the present study, anti-atherosclerotic property of ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was investigated in the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In this study, 36 male ...
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Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a perennial plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine in many countries. In the present study, anti-atherosclerotic property of ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was investigated in the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. In this study, 36 male Wistar rats were selected and allocated into six groups (n = 6). The control group received a normal diet, sham group received a high cholesterol diet (HCD; 1.50% cholesterol and 24.00% fat) and other groups received a HCD and ethanolic extract of C. dactylon at low (100 mg kg-1), moderate (200 mg kg-1) and maximum (400 mg kg-1) doses via gavages. The last group received atorvastatin (10 mg kg-1) through gavage with a HCD. The study period for all groups was six months. At the end of this period, parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in the blood samples. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on coronary and aorta arteries sections were performed. The results showed an increase in vessels wall thickness and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the HCD group, while these pathological changes were not seen in C. dactylon-treated groups. Treatment of HCD animals with C. dactylon positively changed lipid profile by lowering of TC, TG and LDL-C. The results indicate that C. dactylon prevents from early atherosclerotic changes in the vessels wall.
Physiology
Arthénice Jemima Nounamo Guiekep; Augustave Kenfack; Ferdinand Ngoula; Bertin Narcisse Vemo; Kenmeuhe Sidje Nguemmeugne; Etienne Pamo Tedonkeng
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 187-192
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACP) belonging to the neonicotinoid family used against wide array of pests in agriculture and domestic purposes. In this study, we evaluated the attenuating effects of ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica leaves (EEMI) in averting reproductive toxicity caused by ACP in male guinea pigs. ...
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Acetamiprid (ACP) belonging to the neonicotinoid family used against wide array of pests in agriculture and domestic purposes. In this study, we evaluated the attenuating effects of ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica leaves (EEMI) in averting reproductive toxicity caused by ACP in male guinea pigs. Thirty male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 6). Group 1 (T0) received distilled water orally; group 2 (T0-) was given 80 mg kg-1 of ACP and groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated, respectively, with EEMI at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 plus ACP. After 90 days, the reaction time, sexual organ weights, sperm count, motility and anomalies, spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane, testicular histology, serum testosterone concentration, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. Co-administration of EEMI significantly reduced the reaction time, sperm anomalies and testicular MDA, SOD and CAT levels compared to the T0- group. Co-treatment of EEMI significantly alleviated sperm count and motility, percentage of spermatozoa with the normal plasma membrane, serum testosterone concentration, accessory sex gland weights, and testicular GSH concentrations. The ACP treatment induced cell membrane degradation in the testis and this effect was prevented with the addition of EEMI. In conclusion, ACP negatively affected the animal reproductive function and induced oxidative stress. The addition of EEMI alleviated the toxic effects of ACP on the reproductive function of male guinea pigs.
Poultry
Nasibeh Mohammadagheri; Ramin Najafi; Gholamreza Najafi
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 189-195
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic acids and phytase enzyme supplementation on performance and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. The experiment was done in a factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 2 based on completely randomized design with eight treatments, ...
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The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic acids and phytase enzyme supplementation on performance and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. The experiment was done in a factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 2 based on completely randomized design with eight treatments, five replicates with 12 chicks in each until 42 days of age. Diets included natural vinegar (0 and 2%), citric acid (CA; 0.00 and 1.00%) and phytase enzyme (PHY; 0.00 and 500 FTU phytase per kg of feed). One bird from each treatment replicate was randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate the small intestinal morphology on 42 days of age. Analysis of results showed that vinegar increased feed consumption and body weight gain in total experimental period (p ˂ 0.05), while CA significantly decreased feed consumption on 0-14 days of age (p ˂ 0.05). No effect was observed on performance in interaction of organic acids together and with PHY group (p > 0.05). In duodenum CA increased the villusheight and width (p ˂ 0.05) and PHY enzyme increased villuswidth (p ˂ 0.05) and decreased crypt depth (p ˂ 0.05). On the other hand, CA along with PHY significantly decreased crypt depth (p ˂ 0.05). In jejunum PHY alone and in combination with vinegar increased the goblet cells numbers (p ˂ 0.05), whereas vinegar significantly increased the goblet cells numbers in ileum (p ˂ 0.05). The muscular thickness in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was not affected among different treatment groups. The results showed that supplementation of organic acids and phytase together in this experiment, with no negative effects on each other, improved their effects on some parameters.
Poultry
Alireza Talebi; Amir Amani; Masoud Pourmahmod; Poya Saghaei; Reza Rezaie
Volume 6, Issue 3 , September 2015, , Pages 191-197
Abstract
Increased susceptibility of birds to avian pathogens in intensive husbandry system has emphasized on necessity of improvement of innate and specific immune responses of birds by the fast establishment of a beneficial microflora and immune stimulator factors to guarantee healthy and low-price products. ...
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Increased susceptibility of birds to avian pathogens in intensive husbandry system has emphasized on necessity of improvement of innate and specific immune responses of birds by the fast establishment of a beneficial microflora and immune stimulator factors to guarantee healthy and low-price products. During this study, 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-380) in four groups with three replicates per group were used to investigate effectiveness of synbiotic Biomin Imbo on immune responses of the chickens following routine vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI), infectious bronchitis (IB) and infectious bursal disease (IBD). The results of this study indicated that supplementation of Biomin Imbo in diet enhanced humoral immune responses significantly in the case of ND, IB, IBD (p = 0.049, p = 0.020, p = 0.036, respectively), but insignificantly in the case of AI (p = 0.160) following vaccination of the chickens against these most common important viral poultry diseases. It was more effective following vaccination with live than killed vaccines. In conclusion, application of synbiotic Biomin Imbo, as a feed-additive adjuvant promotes acquired humoral immune responses of broiler chickens.
Victor Masekaven Ahur; Yahaya Adenkola Adenkola; Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan; Job Terungwa Ikye-Tor
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 207-212
Abstract
In vitro antioxidant and erythrocyte protecting activities by aqueous extract of Ficus thonningii leaves on blood cells were studied in acetaminophen treated rats. The extract was safe at limit dose of 5000 mg kg-1body weight. The extract demonstrated dose dependent antihemolytic effect at dose levels ...
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In vitro antioxidant and erythrocyte protecting activities by aqueous extract of Ficus thonningii leaves on blood cells were studied in acetaminophen treated rats. The extract was safe at limit dose of 5000 mg kg-1body weight. The extract demonstrated dose dependent antihemolytic effect at dose levels between 50 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight. The lowest antihemolytic effect was observed at dose level of 200 mg kg-1 body given the lowest percentage hemolysis of 10.53 ± 1.76%, whereas the highest percentage hemolysis at dose level of 50 mg kg-1 was 29.02 ± 7.45%. Hematology revealed erythrocytosis at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight. Hyper-globinemia and lymphocytopenia were observed at dose levels of 100 mg kg-1 and 200 mg kg-1, respectively. The extract effectively showed scavenging activity on a stable oxidative radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a significant ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. The plausible erythrocyte membrane protective effect may be due to its free radical scavenging activity and hence the extract can be used to improve hematological parameters and ameliorate oxidative stress.
Microbiology
Akbar Asadi; Taghi Zahraei Salehi; Mahmoud Jamshidian; Reza Ghanbarpour
Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 211-216
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for wide ranges of extra-intestinal diseases in poultry including colibacillosis, cellulitis, coligranuloma and yolk sac infection. Numbers of virulence are considered important in the pathogenicity of these diseases. The aims of the present study ...
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for wide ranges of extra-intestinal diseases in poultry including colibacillosis, cellulitis, coligranuloma and yolk sac infection. Numbers of virulence are considered important in the pathogenicity of these diseases. The aims of the present study were phylogenetic typing and virulence genes detection in Escherichia coli isolates from colibacillosis and cellulitis of broiler chickens in poultry slaughterhouses of Shahrbabak region, Kerman, Iran. A total number of eighty three E. coli isolates were taken from broiler chickens with colibacillosis and thirty four isolates were taken from carcasses with cellulitis in the industrial slaughterhouses. Biochemically confirmed E. coli isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assay to determine phylogenetic groups and presence of pap C, sfa/focDE, iucD, afaIB-C, hlyA, fimH and crl virulence genes. Colibacillosis isolates were belonged to A (54.21%), B1 (7.22%), B2 (6.03%) and D (32.53%) phylogroups. Whereas, the isolates from cellulitis cases were belonged to three main phylogroups; A (55.88%), B1 (5.88%) and D (38.24%). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between the presence of crl virulence gene and phylogroups of A and D in colibacillosis isolates. The results showed that the isolates from both diseases in broiler chickens could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mainly A(. Also, the virulence genes profile of cellulitis E. coli is completely different from that of colibacillosis in this region.
Ehsan Hosseini; Saeed Nafisi; Samad Zare
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2011, , Pages 222-225
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of whole-body magnetic field (MF) exposure on the variations of corticosterone, Free-T3, Free-T4 and malonyl dialdehyde in plasma in 48 adult white New Zealand male rabbits. Animals were divided into six groups namely, C1 (normal diet, not ...
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The main goal of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of whole-body magnetic field (MF) exposure on the variations of corticosterone, Free-T3, Free-T4 and malonyl dialdehyde in plasma in 48 adult white New Zealand male rabbits. Animals were divided into six groups namely, C1 (normal diet, not exposed), C2 (normal diet, sham exposed), T1 (normal diet, exposed to electromagnetic field), C3 (high-cholesterol diet, not exposed), C4 (high-cholesterol diet, sham exposed) and T2 (high-cholesterol diet, exposed to electromagnetic field). In eight separate experiments, sham exposed groups (C2 and C4), were exposed to sham stimulated (without electromagnetic stimulation) for 5 days, 2 hour/day and the rabbits of the treatment groups (T1 and T2) were treated with triangular form 10 Hz of electromagnetic field for 5 days, 2 hour/day, while the control groups (C1 and C3) had no any exposure. At the end of the exposure, after a 12- hour fasting period, blood samples were taken and level of corticosterone, Free-T3 and Free-T4 were measured by Elisa kits and level of malonyldialdehyde was measured by spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the blood serum levels of Free-T3, Free-T4 and Corticosterone in the T1 and T2 groups were significantly increased compared to those of their own control groups (P < 0.05). Malonyldialdehyde levels in T2 animals showed a significant decrease compared to that of animals of C3 and C4 (P < 0.05). We conclude that 10 Hz pulsed electromagnetic field can alter the levels of Free-T3, Free-T4 and corticosterone in animals with both normal diet and hyperchlosterol diet and also alter the amount of malonyldialdehyde in animals with hyperchlosterol diet.
Maryam Ansari-Lari; Mehdi Mohebbi-Fani; Abbas Rowshan-Ghasrodashti
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 233-237
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate causes of culling in industrial dairy herds in Fars province and to describe the pattern of reason-specific culling with respect to age of animal and interval from calving to culling. A total number of 9 dairy herds were selected for the study and information about ...
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This study was designed to investigate causes of culling in industrial dairy herds in Fars province and to describe the pattern of reason-specific culling with respect to age of animal and interval from calving to culling. A total number of 9 dairy herds were selected for the study and information about culling reasons, birth date, last calving date and culling date was collected for culled cows during 2005- 2006. Infertility (32.6% of all culls) was the most prevalent reason of culling followed by mastitis (6.5%). The time interval from last calving to culling averaged 240 days (SD = 176) and nearly 28% of cows were culled in the first 100 days after calving. Mean age of animals at culling was 6 years (SD = 2.7) and median was 5.7 years. In Cox proportional hazard model for calving to culling interval, infertility (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.26) showed lower risk whereas mastitis (HR = 2.40), left displaced abomasum (HR = 2.60) and peripartum problems (HR = 2.60) had higher risk of culling compared with voluntary cull. In the Cox model for age at culling, risk of culling was significantly higher for infertility (HR = 1.70), left displaced abomasum (HR = 3.15), and peripartum problems (HR = 2.10) compared with voluntary culling. In conclusion, farmers tend to keep infertile cows for longer period from calving to culling while infertile cows are generally culled at younger age. Also, early culling appeared to have a high proportion of culls in the studied herds.
Hamideh Najafi; Omid Madadgar; Shahram Jamshidi; Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi; Mahdieh Darzi Lemraski
Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 255-261
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract diseases (URTD) are common clinical problem in cats worldwide. Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) are the main primary pathogens. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are also among the most common infectious diseases ...
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Upper respiratory tract diseases (URTD) are common clinical problem in cats worldwide. Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) are the main primary pathogens. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are also among the most common infectious diseases of cats which suppress the immunity. Oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken from 16 cats with clinical signs of URTD and 26 clinically healthy cats. PCR and RT-PCR were used to detect FHV/FIV or FCV/FeLV infections, respectively. Feline calicivirus was detected in all cats with URTD and 87.00% and 93.00% of them were positive for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Feline herpesvirus rate of infection was 43.00% in sick cats. In clinically normal cats, prevalence rates of FCV and FHV were about 50.00%, but FIV and FeLV rates (42.00% and 65.00% respectively) were higher compared to other studies. Stomatitis was observed in 50.00% of cats with URTD. The main causative agent of corneal ulcers is FHV-1, but in 50.00% of cats with corneal ulcers, FCV was detected alone. It seems new variants of Caliciviruses are the main causative agents to attack uncommon tissues like cornea, although retroviral infections may be in the background of these various signs. The high retroviral prevalence may be due to existence of large population of stray cats. This is the first molecular study of FeLV and FCV in Iran and seems that FCV and FHV prevalence rates in FIV or FeLV infected cats is more than other non-infected ones.
Mohadeseh Panahi; Saeideh Keshavarz; Farhad Rahmanifar; Amin Tamadon; Davood Mehrabani; Negar Karimaghai; Masood Sepehrimanesh; Heydar Aqababa
Volume 6, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 273-278
Abstract
The aim of the present study was stereological evaluation of testes of azoospermic animal model using busulfan in rat. Three groups of male adult rats were used in this study. The first group was injected by single dose of busulfan (10 mg kg-1) and their testes were removed on day 35 post injection. ...
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The aim of the present study was stereological evaluation of testes of azoospermic animal model using busulfan in rat. Three groups of male adult rats were used in this study. The first group was injected by single dose of busulfan (10 mg kg-1) and their testes were removed on day 35 post injection. The second group received double doses of busulfan with 21 days interval and their testes were removed on day 35 after the second injection. The testes of the third group were removed without busulfan therapy. In 10 circular transverse sections of tubules stained with hematoxylin-eosin, stereological parameters were measured. The testes were rated for its spermatogenic potential on a modified spermatogenic scale of 0 to 6. Cellular (germinal epithelium) diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules, total diameter and cross sectional area of the tubules of the seminiferous tubules in rats that received double doses of busulfan were less than the rats in single dose of busulfan and control groups (p < 0.05). Spermatogenesis index of seminiferous tubules in rats receiving two doses of busulfan was less than the rats received one dose of busulfan (p < 0.001) and the index of both treatment groups were less than the control group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, two doses of busulfan injection with 21 days interval produced an appropriate experimental model of induced azoospermia with comparable stereological indices of seminiferous tubules in rat.
Zafer Yazici; Emre Ozan; Cuneyt Tamer; Bahadir Muftuoglu; Ahmed Eisa Elhag; Osman Bas; Serhat Arslan; Semra Gumusova; Harun Albayrak
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 273-276
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of caprine herpes virus-1 (CpHV-1) and bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in 269 goat sera collected from small-scale family farms located in six provinces within the Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The overall seropositivity for alpha-herpesvirus ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of caprine herpes virus-1 (CpHV-1) and bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in 269 goat sera collected from small-scale family farms located in six provinces within the Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The overall seropositivity for alpha-herpesvirus in the native goats was found as 19.33% using BoHV-1 glycoprotein B (gB)-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 was determined in 5.20% of the goats using virus neutralization test. To distinguish between CpHV-1 and BoHV-1, the combinations of gB/gE-blocking ELISA tests were performed. Of tested samples, 15.24% were CpHV-1 seropositive; whereas, 4.09% were BoHV-1 seropositive. The results indicated that CpHV-1 is in circulation among local goats of northern Turkey. Considering the close relationship between BoHV-1 and CpHV-1, the transmission of BoHV-1 via goats may also be one of the predisposing factors involving in the spread of virus among the surrounding cattle.
Pathology
Sadat Ghafarzadeh; Rahim Hobbenaghi; Esmaeal Tamaddonfard; Amir Abbas Farshid; Mehdi Imani
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 277-284
Abstract
Crocin is a plant-derived carotenoid and bears potent antioxidant property. Ranitidine (a histamine H2 receptor blocker) is used for peptic ulcer treatment. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of crocin and ranitidine on indomethacin-induced ulcer in small intestine of rats. Animals ...
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Crocin is a plant-derived carotenoid and bears potent antioxidant property. Ranitidine (a histamine H2 receptor blocker) is used for peptic ulcer treatment. The present study was planned to investigate the effects of crocin and ranitidine on indomethacin-induced ulcer in small intestine of rats. Animals were randomized into two major groups including indo-methacin (10.00 mg kg-1, ulcer group, 48 rats) and normal saline (1.00 mL kg-1, intact group, 48 rats) groups. Each of these two major groups was subdivided into eight subgroups for intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of normal saline, crocin (2.50, 10.00 and 40.00 mg kg-1), ranitidine (5.00 and 20.00 mg kg-1), crocin (2.50 and 10.00 mg kg-1) plus ranitidine (5.00 mg kg-1). Indomethacin induced intestinal ulcer was characterized by bleeding, inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia and crypt loss. This non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indomethacin decreased goblet cell number and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased small intestine weight, organo-somatic index (OSI), malodealdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 contents of intestine. Crocin resolved all the above-mentioned parameter changes induced by indomethacin. These treatments produced no significant effects on the above-mentioned parameters of intact group. The results of the present study showed tissue protective and anti-ulcer effects of crocin on small intestine by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Ranitidine alone showed no effect; however, in combination with crocin it exerted recovery effects. It is recommended that crocin, be considered as a therapeutic agent for NSAIDs-induced intestinal damage management.
Clinical Pathology
Labrini Vasileiou Athanasiou; Zoe Polizopoulou; Maria Rafaela Kalafati; George Ntararas; Vasileios Kontos
Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 281-285
Abstract
To assess the effects of pre-analytical handling (storage time and temperature) on selected hematological parameters, whole blood samples were collected in EDTA coated tubes from each of 30 clinically normal male adult beagle dogs. Each sample was separated in 2 aliquots, of which one was stored in ambient ...
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To assess the effects of pre-analytical handling (storage time and temperature) on selected hematological parameters, whole blood samples were collected in EDTA coated tubes from each of 30 clinically normal male adult beagle dogs. Each sample was separated in 2 aliquots, of which one was stored in ambient temperature (25 ˚C) and the other one was refrigerated (2 to 4 ˚C). Complete blood counts were performed in 1, 2.5, 5, 12, 24, 36 and 60 hr post-sampling for each aliquot of every sample using a flow cytometer. Packed cell volume values remained stable in the samples kept in room temperature (RT), whereas a significant increase was noted in the refrigerated ones 24 hr post-sampling. Statistically significant increases in red blood cell counts were noted after 24hr in the samples stored in 2 to 4 ˚C and after 12 hr in those kept in RT. No significant changes were observed in haemoglobin concentration. A significant decrease was evident only 60 hr post-sampling for the white blood cells kept in RT, but not for those kept in 2 to 4 ˚C. Platelet counts significantly decreased after 24 hr in the refrigerated aliquots and after 5 hr in those kept in RT. The results of this study indicate that storage of blood samples for up to 24 hr in 2 to 4 ˚C is associated with the least artifactual changes.
Pharmacology
Abbas Ahmadi; Saleh Bamohabat Chafjiri; Rajab Ali Sadrkhanlou
Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 281-286
Abstract
Busulfan is an alkylating agent affects ovarian follicles growth by oxidative stress induction. Satureja khuzestanica has antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether S. khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) exhibits protective effects on busulfan-induced ovarian failure. Eighty-four ...
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Busulfan is an alkylating agent affects ovarian follicles growth by oxidative stress induction. Satureja khuzestanica has antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether S. khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) exhibits protective effects on busulfan-induced ovarian failure. Eighty-four adult female mice were divided into six groups including dimethyl sulfoxide (control), SKEO 225.00 mg kg-1 (orally), busulfan 3.00 mg kg-1 (orally), busulfan 36.00 mg kg-1 (intraperitoneally), busulfan 3.00 mg kg-1 and SKEO and busulfan 36.00 mg kg-1 and SKEO. After 28 days, the mice were euthanized and oocytes were removed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate evaluation. Oocyte quantity and quality, fertilization rate and pre-implantation embryo development were daily examined with a stereo microscope in a period of 120 hr. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were also evaluated. Busulfan caused significant decreases in oocyte number and quality, fertilization rate, pre-implantation embryo development and embryo quality. The SKEO significantly decreased the adverse effects of busulfan. The present study indicated that SKEO can protect female fertility potential against busulfan induced damages.
Food Hygiene
Mobin Koohestani; Mehran Moradi; Hossein Tajik; Armen Badali
Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2018, , Pages 301-306
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the stability, antibacterial properties and biofilm removal potential of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus casei 431 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Antibacterial activity of both Lactobacillus strains was ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the stability, antibacterial properties and biofilm removal potential of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus casei 431 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Antibacterial activity of both Lactobacillus strains was measured according to the agar spot method. The CFS was prepared by centrifugation of bacterial suspension at 4000 g for 10 min and the antimicrobial activity was measured using agar-well diffusion. The stability of CFSs during storage at 4.00 ± 2.00 °C and 25.00 ± 2.00 °C for a period of 4 weeks was measured based on the method of broth micro-dilution assay. Moreover, biofilm removal potential of CFS on 2-days-old biofilm of S. aureus developed on polystyrene and glass surfaces was also determined. The efficacy of CFS on bacterial biofilm established on the glass surface was also observed using fluorescence microscope. Results showed that inhibition zones of L. acidophilus (50.26 mm) were greater than L. casei (37.06 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of both CFSs remained stable (40 mg mL-1) during the storage for 28 days at 4.00 and 25.00 °C and storage temperature did not affect the antibacterial effectiveness of CFS. The addition of both CFSs significantly removed biofilm developed on both tested surfaces in a concentration-dependent manner. Biofilm removal property of L. acidophilus CFS was generally better than L. casei CFS which was confirmed by fluorescence microscope. The application of CFS of probiotic strains (i.e. Lactobacillus) as antibacterial and biofilm removal compounds could be very suitable to control the growth of food-borne pathogens.
Ozlem Şahan Yapicier; Dilek Ozturk; Mehmet Kaya
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 469-474
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the tetracycline resistance in Trueperella pyogenes isolates from bovine samples in Burdur, Turkiye, and assess 16 tetracycline-resistance genes distribution among the isolates. Forty-nine T. pyogenes isolates were phenotypically characterized for anti-microbial ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the tetracycline resistance in Trueperella pyogenes isolates from bovine samples in Burdur, Turkiye, and assess 16 tetracycline-resistance genes distribution among the isolates. Forty-nine T. pyogenes isolates were phenotypically characterized for anti-microbial resistance to doxycycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline by disc diffusion method. Presence of tetracycline genes of T. pyogenes was investigated by multiplex and singleplex polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that 87.80% and 42.86% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, respectively, and the rate of resistance to doxycycline was 6.12%. Total of 21 (42.85%) were carrying tetracycline-resistance genes and tet(A) was present in 12 (24.49%) isolates; whereas, the tet(W) gene was identified in 9 (18.37%) and 2 (4.08%) of the isolates carried both tet(A) and tet(W), respectively. The study indicated antibiotic resistance patterns of tetracycline agents and links to the tet-genes among T. pyogenes were detected. It makes it worthwhile that this is the first report for detection of tet(A) gene in T. pyogenes.
Genetic
Qiang Liu; Yue-Yang Yu; Huai-Yu Wang
Volume 14, Issue 10 , October 2023, , Pages 531-539
Abstract
The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), belonging to the betaretrovirus genus of the retroviridae family, includes both exogenous and endogenous jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses (exJSRV and enJSRV, respectively). At the proviral genome level, exJSRV and enJSRV strains have a high degree of similarity with ...
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The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), belonging to the betaretrovirus genus of the retroviridae family, includes both exogenous and endogenous jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses (exJSRV and enJSRV, respectively). At the proviral genome level, exJSRV and enJSRV strains have a high degree of similarity with their main variation regions being the LTR, gag, and env genes. In this study, for the first time, we investigated and compared the distribution of CpG islands between these enJSRV and exJSRV strains. Specifically, we analyzed a total of 42 full-length JSRV genomic sequences obtained from the GenBank® database to identify CpG islands in the exJSRV and enJSRV genomes using the MethPrimer software. Our results showed that the CpG islands in the two JSRV strains were mainly distributed in the LTR, gag, and env genes. In exJSRVs, 66.66% (6/9), 33.33% (3/9), and 100% (9/9) of the sequences presented at least one CpG island in LTR, gag, env genes, respectively, and for enJSRVs, 84.84% (28/33), 57.57% (19/33), and 96.96% (32/33) of the sequences presented at least one CpG island in the LTR, gag, and env genes. These findings suggested that the distribution, length, and genetic traits of CpG islands were different for the exJSRV and enJSRV strains. In future, it would be necessary to demonstrate the biological significance of CpG islands within these genes in exJSRV and enJSRV genomes. This will enhance understanding regarding the potential role of CpG islands in epigenetic regulation.
