Microbiology
Masoud Amini; Abdulghaffar Ownagh; amir Tokmachi; Manochehr Allymehr
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023
Abstract
The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the ...
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The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The bacteriophage was purified, enhanced, and titrated using the Spot test and Double Layer Agar techniques after being isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse and sewage treatment facility. By determining the morphological characteristics of resulting plaque, the specificity and host range of the phage were studied on S. typhimurium isolates. The number of 22 suspected Salmonella isolates was confirmed biochemically positive in sample by cultures method. Nine of these isolates (40.90%) were identified as Salmonella typhimurium by Polymerase Chain Reaction. All of isolates (100%) were resistant to Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline, Kanamycin, Florfenicol, Rifampin, and Erythromycin. Seven isolates (77.70%) were resistant to Amoxicillin and Nalidixic acid. The plaques were present with a diameter of 3 ± 0.22 mm on the culture of 6 out of 9 (66.60%) isolates of S. typhimurium on the B.H.I broth medium using Double Layer Agar method. The amount of phage titer was 7.6 × 107 pfu/ mL and its Multiplicity of infection value was calculated as 5.06 × 10-2 based on obtained results. In place of antibiotics, the MDR S. typhimurium was successfully destroyed by the isolated bacteriophage from wastewater. In vitro settings were used in this investigation to identify the efficient bacteriophages against MDR S. typhimurium.
Parasitology
Bijan Esmaeilnejad; Awat samiei; Zahra Darabizade; Mohsen Akhoondi; Romina Salavati; Bahar Ahooghalandari; Vahid Fathipour; Arash Akhavan; Armin Fakheri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023
Abstract
A 6-year-old male domestic short-hair cat (Felis catus) presented with weakness, anorexia, fever, icterus, a painful abdomen, ruffled hair and a tick infestation, and it had no prior surgery. Laboratory analysis revealed left-shifted neutrophils, thrombocytopenia, and decrease in albumin content, high ...
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A 6-year-old male domestic short-hair cat (Felis catus) presented with weakness, anorexia, fever, icterus, a painful abdomen, ruffled hair and a tick infestation, and it had no prior surgery. Laboratory analysis revealed left-shifted neutrophils, thrombocytopenia, and decrease in albumin content, high serum bilirubin concentration as well as activities of hepatic enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Azotemia, and increased serum levels of creatinine and urea were also recorded. In Giemsa-stained blood smear, Hepatozoon gamonts were observed within neutrophil granulocytes. Species-specific PCR assay was used to amplify an approximately 590 bp fragment of 18S rRNA gene and confirmed Hepatozoon felis infection. The cat was treated with imidocarb dipropionate and doxycycline and recovered completely. Six-month follow-up showed no recurrence. This study reveals the presence of H. felis in Iran and it should be considered in differential diagnosis in febril and icteric cats. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of H. felis infection in a cat in Iran.
Parasitology
Sepideh Abdollahzadeh; Mousa Tavassoli; Bijan Esmaeilnejad; Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023
Abstract
The overuse of antiparasitic drugs as a method of control has led to insufficient effectiveness and widespread drug resistance worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of albendazole and levamisole as antiparasitic agents in a lungworm control program in goat flocks. During 2021 ...
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The overuse of antiparasitic drugs as a method of control has led to insufficient effectiveness and widespread drug resistance worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of albendazole and levamisole as antiparasitic agents in a lungworm control program in goat flocks. During 2021 and 2022, a total of 110 goats over the age of 4 months and above were randomly selected from 11 herds in the north-western region of Iran. including Saanen breed, both sexes of the same age. The results indicated that 3.6%, 50.8% and 41.9% were infected to Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris and Protostrongylus rufescens , respectively and generally all the lung parasites in goats of this region were resistant to albendazole and levamisole. Due to clinical importance of D. filaria in goats the molecular analysis of two samples was also done. Sequencing results showed that the identified parasites were 100% similar to the reference sequences registered in the GenBank. The results of this research showed low level of efficacy of these anthelmintics were detected against Dictyocaulus and Muelleries. Generally, the lung parasites in goats of this region are resistant to albendazole and levamisole. P. rufecense respiratory worms showed high resistance to these drugs. Totally, it can be concluded that the level of drug resistance varies in different parts of the world, but the frequencies of drug resistance in different parts of the world are not the same and requires more studies.
Poultry
Manoochehr Allymehr; Kamyar Yousefi; Alireza Talebi; Amir Tukmechi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2024
Abstract
The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth hormone type I (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross ...
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The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth hormone type I (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross 308 (Ross), Cobb 500 (Cobb), and Arian (Arian) in 2023. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were reared under an equalized standard management condition for six weeks. Performance, organ weights, meat quality, and the expression level of the myogenic genes in the pectoral muscle were investigated. The lowest body weight, feed intake, weight gain and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed for Arian at the end of the study (p<0.05). The meat quality was similar between strains (p>0.05). The IGF-I expression level was significantly higher at 42 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian (p<0.001). The MRF4 expression level was significantly higher at 28 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross (p<0.001). The MyoG expression level was significantly lower in Arian compared to Cobb at 42 days of age (p<0.05). Furthermore, the MSTN expression level was significantly lower in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian at 42 days of age (p<0.05). The remarkable differences in gene expression levels at the end of the rearing period was supported by higher growth performance and body weight of Cobb compared to RossandArian strains. In conclusion, the finding of current study will conveniently help to assess the performance of these broiler strains under similar rearing condition.
Small Animal Internal Medicine
Reza Azargoun; seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Asl; Siamak Asri-Rezaei
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 March 2024
Abstract
A 2-year-old intact male Asian Shepherd dog was referred with a history of chronic regurgitation along with normal appetite and diagnosis of megaesophagus on plain radiography. Clinical examination revealed normothermia, normocardia, normopnea, low body condition score and poor hair coat. The most important ...
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A 2-year-old intact male Asian Shepherd dog was referred with a history of chronic regurgitation along with normal appetite and diagnosis of megaesophagus on plain radiography. Clinical examination revealed normothermia, normocardia, normopnea, low body condition score and poor hair coat. The most important laboratory findings include anemia, azotemia, hyperlipidemia, increased thyroid stimulating hormone, decreased thyroxine and hypocortisolemia, as well as a marked increase in acetylcholine receptor antibody concentration. Based on the results, in addition to primary hypothyroidism and primary hypoadrenocorticism, myasthenia gravis was also diagnosed as an underlying cause of megaesophagus. Following nursing care and preferred treatment of each disease, the megaesophagus was resolved in the next visit. This clinical report describes for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, a dog with a rare type of autoimmune poly-glandular syndrome (APS) known in human medicine as a Schmidt's syndrome. We want to emphasize the importance of clinicians’ awareness regarding the possibility of APS to identify different diseases caused by it in order to achieve successful treatment.
Microbiology
Hassan Tizfahm Tikmehdash; Alireza Dehnad; Nader Mosavari; Behroz Naghili Hokmabadi; Sanaz Mahmazi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and ...
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Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and fourth quarters of 2020, throughout 2021, and in the first and second quarters of 2022, the complement fixation test (CFT) was performed on 350 horses. The malleination was used to confirm the positive CFT cases. Blood samples were taken for culture and for preparing serums to perform the ELISA. Deep eye discharge, nostril, cutaneous ulcers, and lymph fluid swabs were cultured, and finally, PCR was carried out. Eleven (3.14%) horses were CFT-positive. Based on the malleination on these 11 horses, six (1.7%) were affected by glanders, five (1.42%) were not affected (false positive), and one horse (0.28%) was CFT-negative despite exhibiting clinical signs. It was positive by malleination, ELISA, and PCR. A total of seven positive cases of glanders were diagnosed. B. mallei could not be isolated, but the B. cepacia complex was isolated in one case. Except for three cases (14.28%), the results of the CFT, mallein, and ELISA tests were consistent (71.42%). The amount of confidence interval (CI) was 95%. It is suggested that ELISA be used as a complement to CFT in screening and, if positive results are observed in one of the tests, the entire herd be examined more accurately using the mallein and western blot confirmatory tests.
Microbiology
saeed alamian; Karim Amiry; Afshar Etemadi; Maryam Dadar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis, an infectious disease transmitted by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, presents a significant risk as a zoonotic hazard that may result in adverse consequences for agricultural economics and animal health. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive understanding ...
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Bovine brucellosis, an infectious disease transmitted by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus, presents a significant risk as a zoonotic hazard that may result in adverse consequences for agricultural economics and animal health. The primary objective of this study is to present a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and features of Brucella strains within the industrial dairy farming sector in Iran. RBPT, SAT, and I-ELISA tests were used to confirm all seropositive animals. A total of 1311 bovine samples from seropositive animals (lymph nodes, milk, aborted fetuses, and abomasum contents) were collected from 224 farms in different provinces of Iran and examined bacteriologically. The discovered Brucella isolates were phenotyped and molecularly characterized. The isolates were all B. abortus or B. melitensis. Bacteria analysis revealed that 70.5% of seropositive farms tested positive for Brucella strains, predominantly B. melitensis biovar 1 (43.5%) and B. abortus biovar 3 (27.2%). Geographical distribution revealed that B. melitensis biovar 1 was the most common in dairy cow farms (16 provinces), followed by B. abortus biovar 3 (6 provinces). Furthermore, the prevalence of B. melitensis biovar 2, B. melitensis biovar 3, B. abortus biovar 1, B. abortus biovar 2 and RB51 vaccine were restricted to certain provinces. AMOS-PCR and Bruce-ladder PCR confirmed species identification. These results highlight the complexity of bovine brucellosis in Iran and illustrate that B. melitensis spreads from small ruminants to cattle. This study provides important epidemiological insights for targeting future brucellosis control programs in the Iranian dairy farms.
Food Hygiene
sima Valipour; Hossein Tajik; Mehran Moradi; Rahim Molaei; Mahdi Ghorbani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei (L. sakei) and to investigate its application as an ...
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In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei (L. sakei) and to investigate its application as an anti-Listeria solution on beef fillets using an aerosolization technique. The functional groups, including organic acids, polysaccharides, and other minor metabolites, were identified by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) in the postbiotics. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the postbiotics was reported as 0.82 mg mL-1. The antimicrobial test using the agar well diffusion method revealed a zone of inhibition of 27 ± 1.20 mm. Application of an aerosolized postbiotics solution resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in Listeria monocytogenes counts on beef fillets, reaching 3.30 log10 CFU/g over a 15-day storage period at 4.00 ± 1.00 °C. The results of this study revealed that the postbiotics of L. sakei is an effective antimicrobial additive for controlling foodborne pathogens in beef fillets and aerosolization is a promising method for developing an antimicrobial coating on meat to enhance meat safety.
Pathology
Ömer Faruk Keleş
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Linguatulosis can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. Linguatula serrata is the causative parasite of Linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore ...
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Linguatulosis can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. Linguatula serrata is the causative parasite of Linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore the clinical and pathologic findings of pulmonary linguatulosis in a rabbit. The most striking clinical findings in the deceased rabbits were wheezing and labored breathing. Grossly, the most prominent morphological changes in the lungs were well-circumscribed, flat or slightly raised, solitary grayish-white nodular lesions and consolidated areas. The developmental forms of parasite with characteristically tongue-shaped were observed on cut surface of the lung. Histopathologically, the most striking morphological changes in the lung parenchyma were diffuse thickening of the interalveolar septum, fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis, hypertrophy of the medial smooth muscle cells of the arteries, alveolar emphysema, longitudinal and transverse sections of L. serrata nymphs and extramedullary hematopoietic foci (megakaryocytes). Morphologic appearance of the nymphs showed multiple transverse grooves, saw-like cuticles, peribuccal hooks and acidophilic glands. In conclusion, these findings reveal the etiopathological diagnosis of Linguatulosis and suggest that the lungs might be a target organ in addition to the liver and lymph nodes.
Pathology
Tomokazu Nagashima; Chisato Kishi; Yukino Machida; Masaki Michishita
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised ...
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A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised polygonal or round tumor cells with distinct cell borders arranged in a nested and diffuse pattern. The tumor cells had round-to-oval fine hyperchromatic nuclei containing distinct multiple nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic or pale cytoplasm. Multiple giant cells were frequently observed. The mitotic index was 12.6/high power field. Extensive necrosis, hemorrhage and part of the cord-like or papillary epithelioid cells were observed in the intratumor tissue. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin and negative for cytokeratin, desmin and PNL2. On the other hand, the cord-like and papillary epithelioid cells were positive for vimentin, S100 and NSE. The tumor was diagnosed as an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. This case considered to have occurred in the ocular region, although the ocular structure was destroyed.
Pathology
Osman DAĞAR; Mehmet Burak Ates; Mustafa Ortatatli; Fatih Mehmet Öztürk
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
This case report presents the first recorded instance of congenital tuberculosis in an 8-month-old male British Shorthair cat. The case was examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The cat was presented to a private veterinary clinic with general respiratory system problems and ...
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This case report presents the first recorded instance of congenital tuberculosis in an 8-month-old male British Shorthair cat. The case was examined using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. The cat was presented to a private veterinary clinic with general respiratory system problems and subsequently deteriorated, leading to its death. The cat owner granted permission for the cat to undergo necropsy and pathological examination at Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. During systemic necropsy, white round foci with diameters ranging from 3 to 5 mm were observed in the lung and spleen. Tissue samples were collected from the lung, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, mediastinal lymph nodes, and brain for histopathological examination. The tissues were subjected to routine histological tissue processing. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen. Additionally, Mycobacterium spp. antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. Microscopic examination revealed exudative tuberculosis lesions, areas of necrosis without a fibrous capsule, and karyorrhectic cells only in the lung and spleen. Acid-resistant bacteria observed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining in the lesioned areas of the lung and spleen were identified as Mycobacterium spp. by immunohistochemical staining. No positive staining was observed in other organs as a result of Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemical staining. As a result, congenital tuberculosis was diagnosed in a cat for the first time, especially in relation to lesions in the spleen.
Epidemiology
Afroz Afroz; Amit Kumar Verma; Amit Kumar; Surendra Upadhyay; Arbind Singh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness ...
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness of the vaccination program, the serological studies are very much required after the vaccination program. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against structural proteins of FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia-1 in seven districts of western Uttar Pradesh and assure the efficacy of vaccination under National Animal Disease Control Program. A total of 308 sera samples were collected from apparent healthy vaccinated cattle and buffaloes from seven districts viz., Amroha, Baghpat, Bareilly, Bulandsahar, Gautam Budh Nagar, Meerut, and Muzaffarnagar of Western Uttar Pradesh. Determination of antibodies against structural proteins of FMDV was carried out using solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protective level of the FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 included in the inactivated trivalent vaccine was 66.55%, 48.05% and 47.08% in bovines. To provide the higher level of protection against the circulating FMDV, the present study recommended the thorough investigation of the immunogenic interaction between the vaccine strains and the field strains. Further investigations should also be conducted with larger sample size and across diverse geographic regions to gain a more comprehensive understanding of herd immunity
Theriogenology
Pururava Sharma; Akshay Sharma; Pravesh Kumar; Ankit Ahuja; Pankaj Sood; Alisha Dhiman; Rakesh Kumar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Genital tumours are rare among cattle, largely due to their relatively short lifespans. Leiomyoma, a smooth muscle tumour more prevalent in dogs, appears only at a rate of 1-2% in cattle, affecting reproductive efficiency in cases of complete uterine obstruction. This case report involves an eight-year-old ...
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Genital tumours are rare among cattle, largely due to their relatively short lifespans. Leiomyoma, a smooth muscle tumour more prevalent in dogs, appears only at a rate of 1-2% in cattle, affecting reproductive efficiency in cases of complete uterine obstruction. This case report involves an eight-year-old cow with repeated insemination attempts unveiled 5 cm intra-luminal uterine mass, obstructing the right uterine horn. Transrectal sonography (TRUS) revealed a highly vascularized mass with normal ovarian function. Confirmation of clinical condition i.e., uterine leiomyoma, via uterine biopsy concluded presence of neoplastic smooth muscle cells arranged in interlacing bundles showing mild pleomorphism and special stain with Masson’s trichome revealed unappreciable amount of connective tissue, subsequently right flank celiotomy for removal of benign tumour was performed. Forty five days post celiotomy, trans-rectal sonography (TRUS) examination confirmed unobstructed uterine horn and bilateral oviduct patency was adjudged with 2.5% methylene blue. Following treatment for chronic endometritis, artificial insemination led to conception nearly 90 days post-procedure. In peroration, TRUS aids preliminary diagnosis, while definitive identification demands necropsy and surgical methods. This case underscores the diagnostic significance of TRUS, histopathology and celiotomy for identifying and managing uterine leiomyoma in cattle.