Microbiology
Masoud Amini; Abdulghaffar Ownagh; amir Tokmachi; Manochehr Allymehr
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023
Abstract
The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the ...
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The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The bacteriophage was purified, enhanced, and titrated using the Spot test and Double Layer Agar techniques after being isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse and sewage treatment facility. By determining the morphological characteristics of resulting plaque, the specificity and host range of the phage were studied on S. typhimurium isolates. The number of 22 suspected Salmonella isolates was confirmed biochemically positive in sample by cultures method. Nine of these isolates (40.90%) were identified as Salmonella typhimurium by Polymerase Chain Reaction. All of isolates (100%) were resistant to Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline, Kanamycin, Florfenicol, Rifampin, and Erythromycin. Seven isolates (77.70%) were resistant to Amoxicillin and Nalidixic acid. The plaques were present with a diameter of 3 ± 0.22 mm on the culture of 6 out of 9 (66.60%) isolates of S. typhimurium on the B.H.I broth medium using Double Layer Agar method. The amount of phage titer was 7.6 × 107 pfu/ mL and its Multiplicity of infection value was calculated as 5.06 × 10-2 based on obtained results. In place of antibiotics, the MDR S. typhimurium was successfully destroyed by the isolated bacteriophage from wastewater. In vitro settings were used in this investigation to identify the efficient bacteriophages against MDR S. typhimurium.
Poultry
Manoochehr Allymehr; Kamyar Yousefi; Alireza Talebi; Amir Tukmechi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2024
Abstract
The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth hormone type I (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross ...
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The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth hormone type I (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross 308 (Ross), Cobb 500 (Cobb), and Arian (Arian) in 2023. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were reared under an equalized standard management condition for six weeks. Performance, organ weights, meat quality, and the expression level of the myogenic genes in the pectoral muscle were investigated. The lowest body weight, feed intake, weight gain and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed for Arian at the end of the study (p<0.05). The meat quality was similar between strains (p>0.05). The IGF-I expression level was significantly higher at 42 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian (p<0.001). The MRF4 expression level was significantly higher at 28 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross (p<0.001). The MyoG expression level was significantly lower in Arian compared to Cobb at 42 days of age (p<0.05). Furthermore, the MSTN expression level was significantly lower in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian at 42 days of age (p<0.05). The remarkable differences in gene expression levels at the end of the rearing period was supported by higher growth performance and body weight of Cobb compared to RossandArian strains. In conclusion, the finding of current study will conveniently help to assess the performance of these broiler strains under similar rearing condition.
Microbiology
Hassan Tizfahm Tikmehdash; Alireza Dehnad; Nader Mosavari; Behroz Naghili Hokmabadi; Sanaz Mahmazi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and ...
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Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and fourth quarters of 2020, throughout 2021, and in the first and second quarters of 2022, the complement fixation test (CFT) was performed on 350 horses. The malleination was used to confirm the positive CFT cases. Blood samples were taken for culture and for preparing serums to perform the ELISA. Deep eye discharge, nostril, cutaneous ulcers, and lymph fluid swabs were cultured, and finally, PCR was carried out. Eleven (3.14%) horses were CFT-positive. Based on the malleination on these 11 horses, six (1.7%) were affected by glanders, five (1.42%) were not affected (false positive), and one horse (0.28%) was CFT-negative despite exhibiting clinical signs. It was positive by malleination, ELISA, and PCR. A total of seven positive cases of glanders were diagnosed. B. mallei could not be isolated, but the B. cepacia complex was isolated in one case. Except for three cases (14.28%), the results of the CFT, mallein, and ELISA tests were consistent (71.42%). The amount of confidence interval (CI) was 95%. It is suggested that ELISA be used as a complement to CFT in screening and, if positive results are observed in one of the tests, the entire herd be examined more accurately using the mallein and western blot confirmatory tests.
Food Hygiene
sima Valipour; Hossein Tajik; Mehran Moradi; Rahim Molaei; Mahdi Ghorbani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei (L. sakei) and to investigate its application as an ...
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In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei (L. sakei) and to investigate its application as an anti-Listeria solution on beef fillets using an aerosolization technique. The functional groups, including organic acids, polysaccharides, and other minor metabolites, were identified by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) in the postbiotics. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the postbiotics was reported as 0.82 mg mL-1. The antimicrobial test using the agar well diffusion method revealed a zone of inhibition of 27 ± 1.20 mm. Application of an aerosolized postbiotics solution resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in Listeria monocytogenes counts on beef fillets, reaching 3.30 log10 CFU/g over a 15-day storage period at 4.00 ± 1.00 °C. The results of this study revealed that the postbiotics of L. sakei is an effective antimicrobial additive for controlling foodborne pathogens in beef fillets and aerosolization is a promising method for developing an antimicrobial coating on meat to enhance meat safety.
Pathology
Ömer Faruk Keleş
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Linguatulosis can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. Linguatula serrata is the causative parasite of Linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore ...
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Linguatulosis can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. Linguatula serrata is the causative parasite of Linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore the clinical and pathologic findings of pulmonary linguatulosis in a rabbit. The most striking clinical findings in the deceased rabbits were wheezing and labored breathing. Grossly, the most prominent morphological changes in the lungs were well-circumscribed, flat or slightly raised, solitary grayish-white nodular lesions and consolidated areas. The developmental forms of parasite with characteristically tongue-shaped were observed on cut surface of the lung. Histopathologically, the most striking morphological changes in the lung parenchyma were diffuse thickening of the interalveolar septum, fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis, hypertrophy of the medial smooth muscle cells of the arteries, alveolar emphysema, longitudinal and transverse sections of L. serrata nymphs and extramedullary hematopoietic foci (megakaryocytes). Morphologic appearance of the nymphs showed multiple transverse grooves, saw-like cuticles, peribuccal hooks and acidophilic glands. In conclusion, these findings reveal the etiopathological diagnosis of Linguatulosis and suggest that the lungs might be a target organ in addition to the liver and lymph nodes.
Pathology
Tomokazu Nagashima; Chisato Kishi; Yukino Machida; Masaki Michishita
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised ...
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A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised polygonal or round tumor cells with distinct cell borders arranged in a nested and diffuse pattern. The tumor cells had round-to-oval fine hyperchromatic nuclei containing distinct multiple nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic or pale cytoplasm. Multiple giant cells were frequently observed. The mitotic index was 12.6/high power field. Extensive necrosis, hemorrhage and part of the cord-like or papillary epithelioid cells were observed in the intratumor tissue. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin and negative for cytokeratin, desmin and PNL2. On the other hand, the cord-like and papillary epithelioid cells were positive for vimentin, S100 and NSE. The tumor was diagnosed as an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. This case considered to have occurred in the ocular region, although the ocular structure was destroyed.
Epidemiology
Afroz Afroz; Amit Kumar Verma; Amit Kumar; Surendra Upadhyay; Arbind Singh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 March 2024
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness ...
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness of the vaccination program, the serological studies are very much required after the vaccination program. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against structural proteins of FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia-1 in seven districts of western Uttar Pradesh and assure the efficacy of vaccination under National Animal Disease Control Program. A total of 308 sera samples were collected from apparent healthy vaccinated cattle and buffaloes from seven districts viz., Amroha, Baghpat, Bareilly, Bulandsahar, Gautam Budh Nagar, Meerut, and Muzaffarnagar of Western Uttar Pradesh. Determination of antibodies against structural proteins of FMDV was carried out using solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protective level of the FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 included in the inactivated trivalent vaccine was 66.55%, 48.05% and 47.08% in bovines. To provide the higher level of protection against the circulating FMDV, the present study recommended the thorough investigation of the immunogenic interaction between the vaccine strains and the field strains. Further investigations should also be conducted with larger sample size and across diverse geographic regions to gain a more comprehensive understanding of herd immunity
Microbiology
Deepthi Balam; Ratnamma Doddamane; Ramani Pushpa Rn; Shrikrishna Isloor; Veeregowda Bm
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 April 2024
Abstract
Since decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has become endemic in the poultry population of the Indian subcontinent. ND is a highly contagious disease of poultry and other avian species. However, the genetic nature of ND viruses circulating ...
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Since decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has become endemic in the poultry population of the Indian subcontinent. ND is a highly contagious disease of poultry and other avian species. However, the genetic nature of ND viruses circulating in the rock pigeons is unraveled. The present investigation is a part of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) surveillance in wild birds. Two velogenic NDV strains could be isolated from apparently healthy rock pigeons, thus establishing the status of carrier/ reservoir host. The fusion protein cleavage site in the fusion protein has multiple basic amino acid (RRRKRF) motifs similar to velogenic isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete fusion gene sequences confirmed that the isolates belong to NDV sub genotype XIII 2.2. Further analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions in the hypervariable region, heptad repeat regions and neutralizing epitopes of the fusion protein and heptad repeat regions and antigenic sites of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein that are critical for fusion. A unique D170A substitution in the neutralizing epitope is identified that is critical for structure and function of the fusion protein. Mutations within the virulence determinants including fusion (F) and HN, elucidate continuous evolution of the viruses among the rock pigeons. Accidental spillover of these mutated viruses into commercial poultry operations may result in disease outbreaks with economic breakdown.
