Clinical Pathology
Pedram Yaghmaei; Aligholi Ramin; Siamak Asri-Rezaei; Asghar Zamani
Volume 8, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 133-137
Abstract
Blood selenium and trace minerals play an important role in animal’s health and production. The aims of this study were to determine selenium effect on blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, trace minerals and weight gain in lambs. Twelve female Makuei breed were studied for 63 days in groups ...
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Blood selenium and trace minerals play an important role in animal’s health and production. The aims of this study were to determine selenium effect on blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, trace minerals and weight gain in lambs. Twelve female Makuei breed were studied for 63 days in groups of control, nanoselenium (NanoSe) and sodium selenite (NaSe). Mean concentrations of GPX, Cu and Fe in selenium supplemented groups were higher than in control group but the differences were not significant. Mean GPX and selenium was significant among the bleeding times, for Cu and Zn significant occasionally while not for weight gain. The percentages of weight gain in groups were 34.20, 38.90 and 36.30, respectively, which was not different. The individual comparison of parameters among groups showed differences for GPX, selenium and Cu. Correlations were observed between weight & Fe, weight & GPX, weight & selenium, Zn & Fe and GPX & selenium in NanoSe group. Weight gain showed negative correlations with Fe and positive correlation with GPX. In conclusion, selenium compounds increased GPX activity and selenium in which it was predominant in NanoSe than in NaSe group. Selenium compounds showed no effects on Cu, Zn and Fe but caused weight gain to increase. NanoSe revealed correlations between weight gain, GPX, Fe and selenium and was preferable to NaSe. Thus, the effect of NanoSe on reducing the oxidative stress and increased weight gain was acceptable and probably an option to NaSe administration in lambs.
Saeed Nazifi; Amin Tamadon; Mohammad-Amin Behzadi; Shahram Haddadi; Ali-Reza Raayat-Jahromi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2011, , Pages 135-138
Abstract
The economic importance of tick infestation on camels are important as they are important meat and milk producer animals in the less vegetation area of Iran and their health and production are greatly affected by the high tick infestation. In this investigation, tick infestations on camels (Camelus ...
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The economic importance of tick infestation on camels are important as they are important meat and milk producer animals in the less vegetation area of Iran and their health and production are greatly affected by the high tick infestation. In this investigation, tick infestations on camels (Camelus dromedarius) were determined in Qeshm Island, Iran. A total number of 912 adult ticks (472 males and 440 females) were collected and identified. Hyalomma dromedarii was the predominant tick specie and accounted for 61.9% of the adult ticks. Other hard ticks were H. anatolicum excavatum (22 %), H. asiaticum asiaticum (14.2 %), H. marginatum (1.9 %), H. impeltatum (0.4 %) and Ripicephalus bursa (0.4 %). In conclusion, The provision of tick control programs in the Qeshm Island would seem a prerequisite for improving camel meat and milk production.
Food Hygiene
Ali Ehsani; Mohammad Hashemi; Nima Hosseini Jazani; Javad Aliakbarlu; Sajad Shokri; Seyedeh Samane Naghibi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 139-148
Abstract
The present study was carried out to enhance shelf life of pasteurized cream using Echinophora platyloba essential oil (EEO) and lycopene. For this purpose, two concentrations of EEO (0.10% and 0.50%) and lycopene (20 and 50 ppm) alone and together as combinations were added in pasteurized creams and ...
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The present study was carried out to enhance shelf life of pasteurized cream using Echinophora platyloba essential oil (EEO) and lycopene. For this purpose, two concentrations of EEO (0.10% and 0.50%) and lycopene (20 and 50 ppm) alone and together as combinations were added in pasteurized creams and analyzed for microbial characteristics, sensorial properties and lipid stability during storage at 4 ˚C and 25 ˚C for 14 days. Results of microbial and chemical analyses of experimental pasteurized creams showed that pasteurized creams treated with combinations of the EEO and lycopene in their higher concentrations had the best microbial and chemical properties and the most stability than control during storage (p < 0.05). Results of sensorial evaluation demonstrated that all treatments had favorable overall acceptability, even though, the best sensorial properties were observed in creams with combinations of EEO and lycopene in their lower concentrations. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, application of EEO and lycopene as natural preservatives is especially recommend in high fat dairy products such as butter and cream.
Small Animal Internal Medicine
Naqa Tamimi; Abdolali Malmasi; Aniseh Talebi; Fatemeh Tamimi; Atoosa Amini
Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 143-147
Abstract
Behavioral problems in cats have drawn more attention in recent years since they affect the cat-owner relationship. This study was designed to study the rate of cats with undesirable behaviors according to their owners. Frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty ...
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Behavioral problems in cats have drawn more attention in recent years since they affect the cat-owner relationship. This study was designed to study the rate of cats with undesirable behaviors according to their owners. Frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated using a questionnaire. According to the results, 94.6% of owners reported that their cats have exhibited at least one undesirable behavior. Fearfulness, attention seeking, aggression towards other cats/people, scratching, and elimination problems were the most prevalent behavioral complaints reported by the owners; whereas obsessive behaviors were the least common behavioral complaints. In addition, data analysis suggested that age, breed, outdoor access, owner reaction towards the behavior and the cat’s interaction with other cats/people might have been associated with the development of some behavioral problems in cats. Considerable rate of undesirable behaviors in domestic cats in Iran is important enough to highlight the significance of veterinary intervention.
Nutrition
Afrooz Sharifi; Morteza Chaji; Alirez Vakili
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 145-152
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) treated with different levels of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a tannin source on cellulolytic bacterial population and rumen fermentation parameters of fattening lambs. For this purpose, twenty-eight Arabian lambs ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) treated with different levels of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a tannin source on cellulolytic bacterial population and rumen fermentation parameters of fattening lambs. For this purpose, twenty-eight Arabian lambs (19.70 ± 2.45 kg body weight, 90 ± 12 days of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Recycled poultry bedding was treated with PPE at four levels of 0 (control), 20.00, 25.00 and 30.00% on DM basis. Bacterial populations were enumerated by DNA extraction of samples of rumen liquor followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Also, rumen samples were evaluated for pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentrations. The populations of total bacteria, Ruminococcusalbus and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased significantly as the level of PPE in the diet increased, however, the population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens was not affected. Dietary treatments did not have effect on ruminal pH, while AN concentration was decreased in the diets containing RPB treated with PPE compared to the control. Concentrations of total VFA and individual VFA remained unchanged by PPE-treated RPB inclusion in the diet. In conclusion, supplementing RPB with PPE improved nitrogen metabolism of fattening lambs, however, it decreased population of rumen cellulolytic bacteria R. flavefaciens.
Food Hygiene
Ali Mojaddar Langroodi; Hossein Tajik; Tooraj Mehdizadeh
Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 153-161
Abstract
Beef is susceptible to rapid spoilage due to its high amount of protein (18.00%) and moisture (72.00%). Food industries have recently found methods to extend beef shelf-life. The influence of beef dipping in hydro-alcoholic extract of sumac (SE) and chitosan (CH) coating incorporated with Zataria multiflora ...
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Beef is susceptible to rapid spoilage due to its high amount of protein (18.00%) and moisture (72.00%). Food industries have recently found methods to extend beef shelf-life. The influence of beef dipping in hydro-alcoholic extract of sumac (SE) and chitosan (CH) coating incorporated with Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) on microbial, chemical and sensory quality of beef was evaluated during refrigerated storage. Total viable counts (TVC), lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts-molds, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV) were founded to be significantly lower in all treatment groups compare to control groups during storage time.The highest level of antimicrobial effects induced by chitosan, SE 4.00% and ZEO. We found that in TVC (3.69 log CFU g-1 reduction compared with control group (sterile distilled water), Enterobacteriaceae (3.61 log CFU g-1 reduction) and lactic acid bacteria (2.67 log CFU g-1 reduction), respectively. Sumac gave a pleasant effect on sensory attributes and chitosan coating enriched with ZEO significantly improved sensory scores except for flavor factor. The results revealed the bio preservative properties of chitosan, hydro-alcoholic extract of sumac and Z. multiflora Boiss essential oil during refrigeration in normal packaging of beef.
Naeimeh Akramzadeh; Zahra Ramezani; Rohollah Ferdousi; Behrouz Akbari-Adergani; Abdorreza Mohammadi; Nader Karimian-Khosroshahi; Bahareh Khalili Famenin; Zahra Pilevar; Hedayat Hosseini
Volume 11, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 153-158
Abstract
Excessive consumption of red meat is associated with various diseases including coronary heart diseases and cancer. Lower health-related problems of chicken meat, consumption of chicken meat, and mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) have been increased due to their cheaper prices. Thereby, chemical, ...
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Excessive consumption of red meat is associated with various diseases including coronary heart diseases and cancer. Lower health-related problems of chicken meat, consumption of chicken meat, and mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) have been increased due to their cheaper prices. Thereby, chemical, microbial, and physical causes of chicken meat losses and the safety aspects are needed to be fully considered to save food by improved application of chicken meat and its by-product. This study investigated the effects of chicken classes, layer, and broiler, and different carcass cuts, fillet, skeleton, and the whole carcass, on physicochemical, protein, fat, ash, moisture, pH, and peroxide, and microbiological, total plate counts, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter, and Salmonella, characteristics as well as introducing content changes of metal elements iron, calcium (Ca), lead, cadmium, and arsenic in MDCM. The highest values of physicochemical characteristics, calcium, iron, and heavy metals were observed in deboned layer chicken carcass and deboned broiler skeleton (p<0.05). Although Escherichia coli was detected in all of the treatments, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter contamination were found only in the deboned layer and broiler skeleton. In conclusion, the application of MDCM by-products in meat products without thermal processing is not recommended. The broiler and layer skeleton MDCMs are not suitable for human consumption due to the high contents of heavy metals. However, the whole carcasses of layer chickens are suitable to be mutually used in MDCM at the end of the egg laying period.
Hossein Naghili; Hossein Tajik; Karim Mardani; Seyed Mehdi Razavi Rouhani; Ali Ehsani; Payman Zare
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 179-183
Abstract
Drop plate technique has a priority and preference compared with the spread plate procedure, because of less time, quantity of media, effort requirement, little incubator space, and less labor intensive. The objective of this research was to compare the accuracy and fidelity of drop plate method vs. ...
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Drop plate technique has a priority and preference compared with the spread plate procedure, because of less time, quantity of media, effort requirement, little incubator space, and less labor intensive. The objective of this research was to compare the accuracy and fidelity of drop plate method vs. spread plate method by parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. For bacterial enumeration by drop and spread plate methods, successive dilutions of second subculture of Lactobacillus casei and Salmonella Typhimurium were transferred to selective agar. The correlation of agreement between both methods was evaluated by using statistical proofs. Results showed that mean value (parametric unpaired t-test) comparison at 95 percent confidence level did not reject null hypothesis, which it meant that the equality of the mean data could not be ruled out. Nonparametric method was used because of approximately Gaussian pattern of data distribution. For this purpose, Mann-Whitney test (equivalent nonparametric t-test) was used. It meant that the equality of medians obtained from two methods were similar. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient (r) via both methods due to data distribution patterns for enumeration of S. Typhimurium and L. casei were 0.62 and 0.87, respectively; which represented moderately strong and strong relationship between two methods, respectively. Besides, there was a significant and strong positive correlation (p < 0.001) between spread and drop plate procedures. Because of aforementioned reasons, the spread plate method can be replaced by drop plate method.
Ali Asadi Rad; Hossein Najafzadeh-Varzi; Ahmad Farajzadeh-Sheikh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , December 2010, , Pages 188-191
Abstract
Extract of Echinops persicus is traditionally used for a long time in Iran for treatment of cough and constipation. This extract is produced by activity of bug (Situphilus spp.) on the plant. We documented its anti-tussive effect in rats in our previous study. The aim of this study was to assess the ...
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Extract of Echinops persicus is traditionally used for a long time in Iran for treatment of cough and constipation. This extract is produced by activity of bug (Situphilus spp.) on the plant. We documented its anti-tussive effect in rats in our previous study. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-ulcer effect of Echinops persicus in an animal model. In this study we evaluated anti-ulcer effect of Echinops persicus by Shay's method in rats. In 3 groups of rats, pylorus was ligatured under anesthesia. The rats were euthanized after 19 hours later and number and level of ulcer in stomach was measured. In group 2 the extract was orally administered 45 minutes before pyloric ligature, and in group 3, it was administered intraperitoneally 20 minutes before pyloric ligature. The number of ulcers in stomach was significantly low in group 2 (P = 0.01) and 3 (P = 0.037) in comparison with group 1. The level of ulcer was significantly decreased in group 2 (P = 0.047) with comparison to group 1. We conclude that, Echinops extract can exhibit potentially cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activity.
Amineh Beyrami; Farhad Soltanalinejad; Ali Shalizar Jalali
Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 191-196
Abstract
Obtaining information about the eye arterial supply in the buffalo can be a criterion for ocular diseases diagnosis and give a morphological basis for even more researches on the related clinical surgery of this animal. The aim of the present study was to describe the course and branches of the arteries ...
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Obtaining information about the eye arterial supply in the buffalo can be a criterion for ocular diseases diagnosis and give a morphological basis for even more researches on the related clinical surgery of this animal. The aim of the present study was to describe the course and branches of the arteries supplying the eye in the adult river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In this study, the heads of eight buffaloes were prepared from the public slaughterhouse and dissected to study the eye arterial supply. This research results showed that the eye blood supply in the buffalo originates from the external ophthalmic, internal ophthalmic, superficial temporal and malar arteries. The external ophthalmic artery was given rise to branches to take part in the ophthalmic rete mirabile formation and also given off lacrimal, external ethmoidal, supraorbital and ciliary arteries as well as muscular branches to supply the eye ball and extra-ocular muscles. The internal ophthalmic artery was one of the sources of lateral posterior long ciliary artery. The superficial temporal artery was detached off some branches to supply the lateral angle of inferior and superior eyelids as well as lacrimal branch to supply lacrimal gland. The malar artery was originated from the infra-orbital artery and its branches were supplied the medial angle of inferior, superior and third eyelids. There were no obvious differences between buffalo and yak regarding arteries supplying the eyes. However, there were minor differences between buffalo and oxen, sheep and goat and there were obvious differences between buffalo and camel and giraffe.
Sayed Mortaza Alavi-Shoushtari; Siamak Asri Rezaie; Mozhgan Pak; Sajad Alizadeh; Roya Abedizadeh; Amir Khaki
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2012, , Pages 199-203
Abstract
To investigate uterine and serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations variation during the bovine estrus cycle , 232 blood and genital tract samples were collected from the abattoir in Urmia. The phase of the estrous cycle was determined by the examination of the ovaries and the uterine tonicity. ...
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To investigate uterine and serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations variation during the bovine estrus cycle , 232 blood and genital tract samples were collected from the abattoir in Urmia. The phase of the estrous cycle was determined by the examination of the ovaries and the uterine tonicity. Of the 46 samples selected for use in the study, 13 were pro-estrus, 10 estrus, 8 metestrus, and 15 diestrus. The uterus was incised and uterine fluid was collected by gentle scraping of the uterine mucosa with a curette. The total mean (± SEM) Cu concentrations in serum and uterine fluid samples, determined by spectrophotometry, were 66.1± 6.5 and 171.3 ± 33.2μg dL-1 respectively, which were significantly different, while total mean serum and uterine fluid Zn concentrations were 91.9 ± 5.4 and 291.6 ± 23.4 μg dL-1, which also showed a significant difference. The mean serum Cu values in different phases of the estrous cycle were not significantly different, while uterine fluid Cu content in pro-estrus and diestrus were significantly higher than those in estrus and metestrus, and were also significantly higher than those of the serum samples. The mean Zn value of serum samples at different stages of the cycle was not significantly different. The mean Zn value of the uterine fluid samples was also not significantly different in different stages, but in pro-estrus, metestrus, and in diestrus they were highly significantly different from those of the serum. These results showed that Cu concentrations in the uterine fluid vary at different stages of the cycle and are higher than those in the blood serum, but, the uterine Zn content does not vary during the estrous cycle and is much higher than those in the serum, that seems to be due to the secretory action of the uterine mucosa.
Afshin Jafari-Dehkordi; Mohammad Rahim Haji-Hajikolaei; Zahra Karimi-Dehkordi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 203-208
Abstract
For induction of ruminal acidosis, 10 clinically healthy three years old non pregnant female sheep were selected. Prior to the infusion of sucrose (0 hour), rumen and blood samples were obtained in order to determine baseline rumen and blood pH, respectively. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was also recorded. ...
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For induction of ruminal acidosis, 10 clinically healthy three years old non pregnant female sheep were selected. Prior to the infusion of sucrose (0 hour), rumen and blood samples were obtained in order to determine baseline rumen and blood pH, respectively. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was also recorded. Acute ruminal acidosis was induced experimentally with sucrose at a dose of 18g kg-1 body weigh through rumen fistula. ECG was recorded and blood and rumen samples collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours after the infusion of sucrose. Results indicated that blood and rumen pH decreased significantly at 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36 and 48 hours and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36 and 48 hours, respectively. Acidosis produced a marked increasing in heart rate and a decrease in PR interval at 15 and 18 hour significantly with little apparent effect on the ST and PR segment. The P amplitude increased significantly at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 hours. The T amplitude increased significantly at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30 and 36 hours. The RR interval decreased significantly at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36 and 48 hours. In conclusion acute ruminal acidosis caused significant changes in ECG of sheep though there was not any detectable arrhythmia in the ECG in acute ruminal acidosis.
Rasoul Pirmohammadi; Ehsan Anassori; Zahra Zakeri; Mortaza Tahmouzi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 207-212
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of garlic on some blood metabolites in pre-partum dairy goats, the ration was supplemented with raw garlic at the doses of 0, 30, 50 and 70 g kg-1 of Dry matter (DM) in eight pregnant Mahabadi breed goats (59 ± 1 kg initial live weight) in a replicated Latin square design ...
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To evaluate the effects of garlic on some blood metabolites in pre-partum dairy goats, the ration was supplemented with raw garlic at the doses of 0, 30, 50 and 70 g kg-1 of Dry matter (DM) in eight pregnant Mahabadi breed goats (59 ± 1 kg initial live weight) in a replicated Latin square design during the last two months of pregnancy. Each experimental period lasted 14 days with the first 12 days used for diet adaptation and two days of data collection with a 3-days wash-out period between treatments. The results revealed a beneficial increasing effect of garlic (at the level of 70 g kg-1 of DM) on serum glucose concentration (p < 0.05). No effects of garlic supplementation on blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total triglycerides, total protein, and albumin concentration were observed, except for serum cholesterol concentration, which was reduced (p < 0.05) with 70 g kg-1 of DM of garlic supplementation. Dry matter intake was the same between the different treatment groups and throughout the trial period. Concerning the blood indicators of negative energy balance, no significant effects were found for NEFA and BHB in pre-partum goats however, serum glucose was improved significantly, which showed that garlic supplementation may improve the efficiency of feed utilization. In conclusion, garlic, as feed additives in ruminant nutrition, holds promise for improving feed efficiency and controlling the negative energy balance.
Poultry
Amir Hossein Asl Najjari; Zolfaghar Rajabi; Mehdi Vasfi Marandi; Gholamreza Dehghan
Volume 6, Issue 3 , September 2015, , Pages 227-231
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion ...
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Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. At present, oils that are used as adjuvant in commercial vaccines are mineral oils, which not only lack immunizing effect, but also produce some detriments. The aim of this study is the evaluation the immunogenicity of vegetable oils, which are more metabolizable and safer than mineral oils. In this study the efficacy of hexanic extracts of fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea) fruit and also nano-selenium on the immunogenicity of the inactivated avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 was evaluated in broiler chickens. The results indicated that the prepared emulsions could elicit a little degree of immunity, but they could not inhibit the anamnestic response and infection. With regard to the results, it seems that the intact mixture of fig and olive fruit hexanic extracts could not be administered as an immunoadjuvant in the vaccine, and about nano-selenium. In spite of positive effect on the immunogenicity of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2, it still needs more work.
Pathology
Amir Faramarzpour; Ali Asghar Tehrani; Esmaeal Tamaddonfard; Mehdi Imani
Volume 10, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 227-234
Abstract
Crocin, as a carotenoid compound of saffron, exerts a potent antioxidant property. Mesalazine is frequently used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study investigated the effects of separated and combination treatments with crocin and mesalazine in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative ...
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Crocin, as a carotenoid compound of saffron, exerts a potent antioxidant property. Mesalazine is frequently used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study investigated the effects of separated and combination treatments with crocin and mesalazine in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced by intra-colonic administration of acetic acid (4.00%, 1.00 mL) at 8 cm proximal of the anus. Normal saline, acetic acid, crocin (5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 mg kg-1), mesalazine (100 and 300 mg kg-1) and crocin (5.00 mg kg-1) plus mesalazine (100 mg kg-1) were administered after induction of colitis for eight days. Body weight, oraganosomatic index (OSI), macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of colon and measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) contents of colon tissue were determined on day eight after induction of colitis. Crocin (10.00 and 20.00 mg kg-1), mesalazine (300 mg kg-1) and crocin (5.00 mg kg-1) plus mesalazine (100 mg kg-1) significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight and OSI and reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores. These treatments also significantly (p <0.05) recovered the increased levels of MDA and TNF-α as well as the decreased level of SOD in colon tissue. Crocin and mesalazine did not produce significant effects in intact rats. Based on the results, it is concluded that crocin and mesalazine produced protective effects on colon tissue via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed between crocin and mesalazine in attenuating ulcerative colitis.
Aligholi Ramin; Gholamreza Abdollahpour; Aadeh Hosseinzadeh; Farid Azzizzadeh; Pouya Ramin; Yousef Khalili; Davood Sanajoo; Sasan Iran Nejhad
Volume 14, Issue 4 , April 2023, , Pages 229-235
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, is characterized by fever, jaundice, abortion and hemo-globinuria. It is widespread and the determination of the dominant serotype in the animal species of each region accelerates the control and prevention program. 862 blood samples were prepared from ruminants and ...
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Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, is characterized by fever, jaundice, abortion and hemo-globinuria. It is widespread and the determination of the dominant serotype in the animal species of each region accelerates the control and prevention program. 862 blood samples were prepared from ruminants and equines. Serum antibody of leptospira serovars were determined based on gender and age parameters. Sera were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with six live serotypes. The overall prevalence was 22.30%, with the highest (37.00%) and the lowest (6.60%) in Holsteins and mules, respectively. The overall male and female incidence were 12.20% and 9.86%, respectively, which was not different. The highest gender infection was in male Holsteins (19.20%) and the lowest were in male Simmentals and mules (1.72%). The highest dilution was 1:100 for pomona and the lowest was for canicola. All animals responded positively to grippotyphosa. The highest infection to one serovar was in Holsteins and the lowest for four serovars were in goats and Simmentals. Males less than 1.5 years old showed the highest infection. Age differences in leptospira infection except for sheep was significant. In conclusion, leptospira infection in ruminants was high compared to equines. Gender differences were not significant. The highest dilution was 1:100, with pomona in ruminants and grippotyphosa in all species. Leptospiral infection was increased with age and the differences among animals except for sheep were significant. Finally, regarding 22.30% infection rate, vaccination is necessary to Holsteins, and preventive measures for others. Health advices would be necessary for human safety.
Pathology
Reza Sayrafi; Navideh Mirzakhani; Reza Mobaseri
Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 231-236
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the turmeric in comparison to vitamin E on bursal damages induced by salinomycin in broiler chickens. In this study, forty one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1- basal diet as control, 2- ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the turmeric in comparison to vitamin E on bursal damages induced by salinomycin in broiler chickens. In this study, forty one day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1- basal diet as control, 2- basal diet plus salinomycin, 3- basal diet plus salinomycin (SLM) and vitamin E (Vit. E) and 4- basal diet plus salinomycin and turmeric powder. The chicks were treated for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the bursal tissues were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological studies. Light microscopic observations showed that, SLM diminished cortex thickness of bursal tissue, enhanced its medulla zone and caused severe lymphocytic necrosis. In addition, SLM led to fibrosis of interstitium along with sever edema of medulla zone in the bursal tissue of the chicken. Administration of Vit. E and TP significantly inhibited the SLM-induced derangements and comparing the Vit. E and TP showed no significant differences. The results of this study indicated that the turmeric may protect bursa of Fabricius against toxicity induced by salinomycin in chicks.
Theriogenology
Sahar Nouri Gharajelar; Rajab Ali Sadrkhanloo; Masoud Onsori; Adel Saberivand
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2016, , Pages 235-239
Abstract
Cryopreservation has the capacity to extend spermatozoa’s lifespan and viability. In addition, the semen samples can be collected, preserved and stored or sent to distant locations and still be used long after the death of the semen donor. In this study for the vitrification of dog sperm (fresh ...
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Cryopreservation has the capacity to extend spermatozoa’s lifespan and viability. In addition, the semen samples can be collected, preserved and stored or sent to distant locations and still be used long after the death of the semen donor. In this study for the vitrification of dog sperm (fresh and swum-up sperm), different cryopreservation mediums on the basis of glycerol, milk and egg yolk were used. Then, all of the samples were vitrified in the liquid nitrogen and thawed at least 48 hr later for re-examination of sperm parameters. The sperm parameters before and after cryopreservation in all groups were compared. It was found that during vitrification process, spermatozoa were damaged by the mechanical blows in centrifugation during swim-up processing, so they had less resistance than fresh semen. The examination of different cryoprotectants revealed that milk has better effects on the cryopreservation of semen than glycerol and egg yolk. With the comparison of the effects of glycerol and egg yolk as cryoprotectants, it was found that glycerol had better effects than egg yolk on the cryopreservation of the semen. In conclusion, milk might be used as a cryoprotectant instead of glycerol for canine sperm cryopreservation.
Ahmadreza Mohamadnia; Amin Khaghani
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2013, , Pages 245-249
Abstract
Wide variety of timings and techniques has been used based on the housing, production, availability of requirements etc. This current study was done for a morphologic evaluation of the cow's digit in different trimming times. A dairy herd with 2200 milking cow, free stalls barns, average daily production ...
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Wide variety of timings and techniques has been used based on the housing, production, availability of requirements etc. This current study was done for a morphologic evaluation of the cow's digit in different trimming times. A dairy herd with 2200 milking cow, free stalls barns, average daily production of 36 liters per cow was selected. Forty cows were assigned to four groups based on hoof trimming times as, 100-120 days in milk (Group I), cows before drying (Group II), visual long toed cows (Group III) and delayed pregnant cows (Group IV). Toe length from coronary band to the toe tip (A), dorsal hoof angle (D), toe height from coronary band in toe region to the ground level (B), heel height from coronary band in heel region to the ground level (C) and heel height to toe length proportion was measured. The highest toe length was recorded in medial digit of group IV (9.19 ± 0.68 cm) and the lowest one recorded in lateral digit of group I (8.28 ± 0.62 cm). Distribution of the cows in different groups under study was based on their toe length, as the highest and lowest distribution were recorded in groups III and I, respectively. The highest measurements in all indices were recorded in group IV that followed by group III except for toe height that was higher in group II following group IV. The lowest toe length was recorded in group I that needs more attention due to the risk of over trimming and its supposed complications in this group.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Abdollah Derakhshandeh; Fatemeh Namazi; Elmira Khatamsaz; Vida Eraghi; Zahra Hemati
Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 253-257
Abstract
In the present study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was investigated in goats slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir using histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ilium and mesenteric lymph node samples from 66 suspected goat carcasses to Johne’s disease ...
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In the present study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was investigated in goats slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir using histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ilium and mesenteric lymph node samples from 66 suspected goat carcasses to Johne’s disease were collected. Among 66 examined slaughtered goats, nine (13.63%) goats were positive for MAP in both histopathological and PCR examinations. Eight goats were positive in PCR method while no lesion related to Johne’s disease was observed in their histopathological sections. All positive goats in histopathological examination were also positive in PCR. Based on the results of PCR, the detection rate of MAP in Shiraz abattoir was 25.80% (17 goats). According to the present findings, although both histopathological and PCR methods are appropriate for detecting Johne’s disease, PCR is more sensitive than histopathological examination.
Mohammad Azizzadeh
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2011, , Pages 254-258
Abstract
To describe proportion and pattern of culling in commercial dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi Province, this survey was carried out from 21st March 2008 to 20th March 2009 in 15 industrialized dairy herds. For each culled cow data related to parity at culling, last calving to culling interval and primary ...
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To describe proportion and pattern of culling in commercial dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi Province, this survey was carried out from 21st March 2008 to 20th March 2009 in 15 industrialized dairy herds. For each culled cow data related to parity at culling, last calving to culling interval and primary reason for culling were recorded. Annual herd exit rate was 20.9%. Out of a total of 652 culled cows, the proportions of culled dairy cows were due mainly to involuntary culling with very small proportion of voluntary culling (4%). The involuntary culling were mainly from infertility or reproductive disorders (23.6%), udder disorders (17.5%) and digestive tract disorders (15.9%). Average ± SD of parity at culling was 3.15 ± 1.96. Culled cows from digestive tract disorders, injuries and infectious diseases were significantly younger than those of other culling reasons (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD of last calving to culling interval was 194 ± 159 days. Culled cows from digestive tract disorders, injuries and udder disorders were removed earlier in lactation period than cows culled from reproductive disorders, infectious diseases and lameness (P < 0.05). Low proportion of voluntary and high percentage of involuntary culling specially from health problems should be considered as an important economic loss and precaution measures are necessary to reduce this loss.
Ali Ehsani; Mohammad Sedigh Jasour
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2012, , Pages 269-273
Abstract
One of the simplest methods for short-term handling and storage of fish is the refrigeration in combination with dip treatments. This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-storage α-tocopherol acetate dipping treatments on lipid stability of refrigerated rainbow trout fillets. Trout ...
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One of the simplest methods for short-term handling and storage of fish is the refrigeration in combination with dip treatments. This study was conducted to determine the effect of pre-storage α-tocopherol acetate dipping treatments on lipid stability of refrigerated rainbow trout fillets. Trout fillets were dipped in α-tocopherol acetate solutions (200 and 500 mg kg-1 flesh) and subsequently stored in a refrigerator at 4 ˚C for 12 days. Control samples received no α-tocopherol acetate during dip treatment. At the end of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage, lipid damage analysis of trout fillets was performed. A continuous notable increase (p < 0.05) in peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and free fatty acid (FFA) was observed for all samples throughout the storage period. Although throughout the storage period the lipid hydrolysis (FFA) of fish fillets was not affected by α-tocopherol acetate solutions, successful (p < 0.05) inhibition of lipid oxidation (PV and TBA) in refrigerated trout fillets was possible with dip treatment in α-tocopherol acetate solutions (200 and 500 mg kg-1 flesh). There was no significant (p > 0.05) effect of increasing α-tocopherol acetate concentration on the lipid deterioration of fish fillets. These results indicated that α-tocopherol acetate especially at lower level (200 mg kg-1 flesh) was very effective in retarding the lipid oxidation.
Sayed Mortaza Alavi Shoushtari; Siamak Asri Rezaie; Amir Khaki; Abulfazle Belbasi; Hamid Tahmasebian
Volume 5, Issue 4 , December 2014, , Pages 301-305
Abstract
To investigate uterine fluid and serum calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) variations during the estrus cycle in water buffaloes, 71 genital tracts and blood samples were collected from the abattoir in Urmia. The phase of the estrous cycle was determined by examining ovarian structures. 18 animals were pro-estrous, ...
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To investigate uterine fluid and serum calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) variations during the estrus cycle in water buffaloes, 71 genital tracts and blood samples were collected from the abattoir in Urmia. The phase of the estrous cycle was determined by examining ovarian structures. 18 animals were pro-estrous, 15 estrous, 16 met-estrous and 22 diestrous. The uterine fluid was collected by gentle scraping of the uterine mucosa with a curette. Blood serum and uterine fluid samples of 71 pre-pubertal buffalo calves were also collected and treated in similar manners. The mean ± SEM total serum and uterine fluid Ca in cyclic buffaloes were 8.68 ± 0.28 mg dL-1 and 8.10 ± 0.2 mg dL-1 vs. 6.76 ± 0.65 mg dL-1 and 7.90 ± 0.15 mg dL-1 in pre-pubertal calves, respectively. Blood serum Mg was not different in cyclic and pre-pubertal animals but the uterine fluid Mg in cyclic cows was higher than those in pre-pubertal calves. Serum Ca in pro-estrus and estrus were higher than those in other stages and also higher than those in the uterine fluid. The lowest Mg content of serum was recorded in diestrus, while in the uterine fluid it was observed in estrus. In all stages of estrous cycle except for estrus the uterine fluid Mg content was significantly higher than those of the serum. These results suggested that during the estrous cycle in the buffalo cows, Ca was passively secreted in uterine lumen and mostly dependent on blood serum Ca concentrations but Mg was secreted independently. The values (except for serum total Mg) also increased after puberty.
Physiology
Mehrzad Foroud; Nasser Vesal
Volume 6, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 313-318
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (S) (control group, 1.0 mL kg-1), morphine (MO) ...
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of morphine, tramadol, meloxicam and their combinations in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into seven equal groups and randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal saline (S) (control group, 1.0 mL kg-1), morphine (MO) (4.0 mg kg-1), tramadol (TR) (12.5 mg kg-1), meloxicam (ML) (1.0 mg kg-1), tramadol- morphine (TR-MO), meloxicam-morphine (ML-MO) and meloxicam-tramadol (ML-TR) at the same doses. Anti-nociception was evaluated using tail flick latency (TFL) test at 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min after drug injection. The TFL was significantly higher in TR and MO groups compared to S group for 90 and 120 min, respectively. No significant change in TFL from baseline values was observed at all time points in ML group. Among rats that received combination of analgesics, those that received TR-MO had significantly greater TFL. There was no significant difference in TFL between ML-TR and ML-MO groups. In conclusion, TR, MO and their combination all provided acceptable anti-nociceptive effects in rats. Meloxicam at the given dosage (1.0 mg kg-1) did not demonstrate any anti-nociceptive effect when evaluated by TFL test.
Alireza Arbati; Masoud Maham; Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
Volume 12, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 313-318
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility disorders can occur as either increased or decreased movements. Studies have shown that herbal ingredients such as essential oils can modify the increase and decrease of gastrointestinal movements of ruminants. Cinnamaldehyde at room temperature is an oily yellow liquid which ...
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Gastrointestinal motility disorders can occur as either increased or decreased movements. Studies have shown that herbal ingredients such as essential oils can modify the increase and decrease of gastrointestinal movements of ruminants. Cinnamaldehyde at room temperature is an oily yellow liquid which is obtained from the steam distillation of the oil of cinnamon bark. It bears carminative activity and gastrointestinal, antimicrobial, and vasodilatory effects. This study examined the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the contraction of circular smooth muscles of abomasal fundus and the antrum, duodenum, and ileum of healthy cows using an in vitro approach. The results indicated that cinnamaldehyde had relaxant effects on the basal tonus and contractions caused by barium chloride (BaCl2) and carbachol (CCh) in these tissues dependent upon concentration and the origin of the smooth muscle. These effects were more prominent in the ileal smooth muscle preparations than in other tissues. This substance in the smooth muscle preparations of the abomasal fundus not only had no significant effect on the basal tonus, but also significantly increased the contractions caused by barium chloride at low concentrations. Study of the mechanism of action showed that, similar to verapamil, cinnamaldehyde applied its relaxation effect by blocking the calcium channels. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde possessed a spasmolytic effect mediated through blockage of the calcium channels, which may provide a pharmacological base to its medicinal use for diarrhea and spasms.
