Histology
Mojtaba Babazadeh; Gholamreza Najafi
Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 319-326
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum organophosphate pesticide used for agricultural health purposes. Its principal mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of CPF on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats. ...
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Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum organophosphate pesticide used for agricultural health purposes. Its principal mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of CPF on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats. Thirty-two healthy male rats were divided into two groups: a CPF-exposed group and a control-sham group. Control-sham group received corn oil (0.20 mL per day). The CPF was administered orally to male rats at 37 mg kg-1 BW for 45 days to evaluate the reproductive toxicity. In all rats, sampling for histological and sperm analyses was performed on days 5, 15, 30 and 45. The CPF caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sperm count, viability and motility and increased immature sperms and DNA damage in sperm cells. Light microscopic analyses revealed increased arrested spermatogenesis, negative tubular differentiation and repopulation indexes and decreased Leydig cells number. These findings indicate that CPF has adverse effects on sperm cells and reproductive system of male rats.
Clinical Pathology
Parisa Cheraghi; Seyyed Ali Mard; Tahereh Nagi
Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 323-328
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa through several protective mechanisms but till now its effect on mRNA expression of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBC1), trefoil factor1 (TFF1) and trefoil factor2 (TFF2) was not investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the ...
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa through several protective mechanisms but till now its effect on mRNA expression of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBC1), trefoil factor1 (TFF1) and trefoil factor2 (TFF2) was not investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of H2S on mRNA expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2 in rat gastric mucosa in response to gastric distention. Thirty two rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups. They were control (C), distention (D), propargylglycine (PAG)-, and NaHS-treated groups. To evaluate the effect of exogenous and endogenous H2S on gene expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2, two groups of rats were received H2S donor, intra-peritoneal NaHS (80 µg Kg-1), and PAG (50 mg kg-1), accompanied to stimulate the gastric acid secretion, respectively. Under general anesthesia and laparotomy, a catheter was inserted into the stomach through duodenum for instillation of isotonic saline for gastric distention. Ninety min after beginning the experiment, animals were sacrificed and the gastric mucosa was collected to determine total acid content of gastric effluents and to quantify the mRNA expression of studied genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that A) gastric distention increased the level of mRNA expressions of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2; B) these levels in NaHS-treated rats were significantly higher than those in Distention group; and C) PAG decreased the expression levels of NBC1 and TFF1. The Findings showed H2S upregulated gene expression of NBC1, TFF1 and TFF2 in gastric mucosa.
Poultry
Mohammad Naser Nazem; Negin Amiri; Shima Tasharofi
Volume 10, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 323-331
Abstract
Early development of the digestive tract is crucial for achieving maximal growth and development of chickens. This study examined the effects of in ovo (IO) feeding of 0.70 mL of dextrose (10.00% and 20.00%) or amino acids solutions into the yolk sac at day 14 of incubation on small intestine histomorphometry ...
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Early development of the digestive tract is crucial for achieving maximal growth and development of chickens. This study examined the effects of in ovo (IO) feeding of 0.70 mL of dextrose (10.00% and 20.00%) or amino acids solutions into the yolk sac at day 14 of incubation on small intestine histomorphometry and histomorphology, intestinal development, hatchability, body weight, and liver glycogen reserves in newborn chicks. Results showed body weight in amino acid fed hatchlings was higher than control and dextrose groups non-significantly, but hatchability was lower in amino acid group than others. Also, diameter of glycogen vacuoles in all IO treatment groups was more than control. Administration of exogenous dextrose and amino acids solutions into the yolk sac enhanced intestinal development by increasing the size and surface area of the villi and changed villi shape as well. It seems that dextrose or amino acids solutions could improve the intestinal villi development, while they did not affect finger-like villi in jejunum.
Theriogenology
Reza Narenji Sani; Bahram Hajigolikhani; Mahmood Ahmadi-Hamedani; Khatereh Kafshdouzan
Volume 9, Issue 4 , December 2018, , Pages 343-348
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic evaluation of milk lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activities by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve in early lactation of ewes with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and determine the correlation ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic evaluation of milk lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (mALP) activities by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve in early lactation of ewes with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and determine the correlation between number of somatic cell count (SCC) and mLDH and mALP activities. A total of 196 udder half milk samples were collected within the first 6 weeks of lambing. The SCM was determined by positive milk bacterial culture and positive California mastitis test (CMT); SCC was determined by fossomatic method and enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The mLDH and mALP of SCM cases were positively correlated with SCC values. Values of mLDH, mALP and SCC were significantly higher in SCM than non-SCM udder halves. The optimum cut-off points of mLDH and mALP activities for SCM diagnosis were determined at 203.61 (U L-1) and 329.84 (U L-1), respectively. In conclusion, SCC has positive correlation with mALP and mLDH activities in SCM ewes and mLDH and mALP activities could be considered as reliable indicators for intra-mammary inflammation diagnosis.
Saeed Seifi; Parisa Sedighara; Afsaneh Mohajer
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 507-512
Abstract
In the recent years, the use of medicinal plants to reduce the effects of mycotoxins in foods and feeds has been considered. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aloe vera on performance, serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathology in laying hens fed on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated ...
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In the recent years, the use of medicinal plants to reduce the effects of mycotoxins in foods and feeds has been considered. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aloe vera on performance, serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathology in laying hens fed on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet. Seventy-two White Leghorns (Hy-Line W-36) were randomly allocated to four treatments. 1) basal diet (control), 2) control plus 1.00 mg kg-1 AFB1, 3) control diet plus 1.00 mg kg-1 AFB1 + 100 ppm Aloe vera powder, and 4) control diet plus 1.00 mg kg-1 AFB1 + 300 ppm Aloe vera powder. Each treatment consisted of three replicates of 6 birds. Egg weight and Haugh units were not affected by AFB1. Egg production and eggshell thickness were lower for groups fed 1.00 mg kg-1 AFB1. Egg production, egg weight and eggshell thickness were improved by incorporation of Aleo vera in the AFB1 contaminated feed but were not significant. Chickens fed AFB1 had significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid and higher cholesterol than other groups. Aloe vera powder improved levels of cholesterol, uric acid, AST, and ALT. AFB1 also caused histopathological changes in liver tissues, such as vacuolar degeneration, fatty infiltration, and necrosis. The addition of Aloe vera powder to the aflatoxin containing diet reduced the severity of lesions in liver. The data demonstrated the ability of Aloe vera to reduce the adverse effects of AFB1 exposure in laying hens.
Diagnostic Imaging
Amin Anoushepour; Saeideh Eftekhari; Majid Masoudifard
Volume 14, Issue 10 , October 2023, , Pages 579-582
Abstract
Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) plays an important role in the locomotion of the horses with flexion of the limbs. In the hind limb, it passes over the calcaneal bone and attaches to medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous by two bands of connective tissue; while, the medial band is weaker ...
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Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) plays an important role in the locomotion of the horses with flexion of the limbs. In the hind limb, it passes over the calcaneal bone and attaches to medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous by two bands of connective tissue; while, the medial band is weaker than the lateral one. Occasionally, severe trauma, over-extension or fracture of the calcaneous may cause rupture of the supportive bands leading to tendon luxation. An 11-year-old Thoroughbred jumping gelding with symptoms of lameness in both legs, after examination by an internal specialist veterinarian in equine practice field was referred to the Teaching and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Clinical examination showed lateral luxation of SDFT in the right and left tarsal joints. Radiography revealed no sign of calcaneal involvement, except soft tissue swelling. In the radiography of the tarsal joints, the calcaneus bones did not show significant changes, but among the bones of the central and 3rd tarsal bone (distal intertarsal joint) of the tarsus, osteophyte formation was observed to a mild extent, indicating mild bone spavin in both tarsal joints. In ultrasonography, SDFT thickenings accompanied by hypoechoic regions in tendons were seen, confirming the signs of tendonitis. Moreover, fibrous tissue formation was diagnosed. In the left leg, anechoic fluid in the calcaneous bursa was seen. Evaluation of diagnostic imaging findings enables veterinarians to diagnose the site and extent of the lesions, choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to clinical symptoms.
Small Animal Surgery
Vahid Ganjiani; Amin Bigham-Sadegh; Abdolhamid Meimandi-Parizi; Mohsen Nouroozi; Dariush Sarikhani; Parisa Afraz
Volume 14, Issue 11 , November 2023, , Pages 631-633
Abstract
Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (trachea/bronchus) are very rare conditions; therefore, it is not on top of the list of differential diagnoses in patients with chronic or severe cough, but its occurrence should not be considered unexpected. A 2-year-old male Shih Tzu terrier mix dog (9.20 kg) ...
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Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (trachea/bronchus) are very rare conditions; therefore, it is not on top of the list of differential diagnoses in patients with chronic or severe cough, but its occurrence should not be considered unexpected. A 2-year-old male Shih Tzu terrier mix dog (9.20 kg) with a history of dyspnea for 6 days was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. In the clinical examination, respiratory distress and pain during palpation of the neck area were observed. Radiology indicated a triangular radiopaque object (bone) in the trachea of the animal. The size of the foreign body, the weakness of the grasping forceps of the device, and the edges of the bone being stuck in the trachea caused tracheoscopy failure after 30 min of trying. Surgical procedure (tracheotomy) was effective to remove the foreign body using Noyes alligator tissue forceps. Aspirated foreign body is not a common condition. In the case of early recognition and immediate treatment of the aspirated foreign body, the prognosis is usually good.
Clinical Pathology
Canan Akdeniz İncili; Yesari Eröksüz; Barış Otlu; Emel Kara; Elif Seren Tanriverdi; Mehmet Özkan Timurkan; Hakan Kalender; Hatice Eröksüz
Volume 14, Issue 12 , December 2023, , Pages 685-688
Abstract
Moellerella wisconsensis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus of Entero-bacteriaceae family, and it is an uncommon pathogen in domestic animals. To date, five cases were reported including two dogs, two cattle, and a goat. Streptococcus equisimilis is the second common bacterial agent after ...
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Moellerella wisconsensis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus of Entero-bacteriaceae family, and it is an uncommon pathogen in domestic animals. To date, five cases were reported including two dogs, two cattle, and a goat. Streptococcus equisimilis is the second common bacterial agent after the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equine pneumonia cases. The present report describes the isolation of M. wisconses from lungs and spleen of a 10-year-old Arabian horse (May 08, 2022) at post-mortem examination being co-infected with S. equisimilis. Clinical and pathological findings included bilateral nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sternal recumbency, severe diffuse necrosuppurative rhinitis, multi-focal fibrinopurulent pneumonia and purulent lymphadenitis. Polymerase chain reaction assays showed no viral nucleic acids of equid alphaherpesvirus (EHV) 1, EHV-4, equine arteritis virus and equine papilloma virus. The antibiogram test revealed that the isolate was sensitive to several antibiotics except colistin. Taken together, the present report documents the first isolation of M. wisconsensis from lungs and spleen of a horse; hence, experimental studies are needed to clarify the pathogenity and pathogenesis of M. wisconsensis.
Ala Enayati; Rahim Peyghan; Ahmad Ali Papahn; Gholam-Hosain Khadjeh
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 49-53
Abstract
In this study the effects of salinity on the electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp were investigated. For this purpose, grass carp were exposed to concentrations of 4, 8 and 12 g L-1 salinities and electrocardiogram of all fish was recorded. Blood samples were also collected ...
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In this study the effects of salinity on the electrocardiogram and some of blood serum minerals in grass carp were investigated. For this purpose, grass carp were exposed to concentrations of 4, 8 and 12 g L-1 salinities and electrocardiogram of all fish was recorded. Blood samples were also collected from all fish and serum minerals were measured. Our results indicated that mineral level in the studied groups was significantly different. The average of heart rate per minute in control group and 4, 8 and 12 g L-1 were 10.15, 10.06, 12.17 and 7.79 beat per min, respectively. In 8 g L-1 group only the average of QT and ST segment decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). In 12 g L-1 group the average of heart rate per minute decreased significantly in comparison with 8 g L-1 group (p < 0.05) and no difference in the average of heart rate per minute was observed in all groups. The average of RR, PT and ST segment in the 12 g L-1 group were significantly more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The results showed that water salinity level increased to concentrations above 8 g L-1 can have significant effect on the electrocardiogram and mineral level of blood serum in grass carp. These changes are probably can be considered as one of the causes of impairment of health and death of this fish species in the salinities more than 8 g L-1 due to ion imbalance and cardiovascular disorders.
Shahram Nozad; Ali-Gholi Ramin; Gholamali Moghadam; Siamak Asri-Rezaei; Azadeh Babapour; Sina Ramin
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 55-59
Abstract
Seventy six high and low producer cows were selected to determine the composition of the blood and milk parameters, and their interrelationships to determine the indices which could be useful to improve the milk yield. The highest mean blood concentrations were found in high producer cows. Mean values ...
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Seventy six high and low producer cows were selected to determine the composition of the blood and milk parameters, and their interrelationships to determine the indices which could be useful to improve the milk yield. The highest mean blood concentrations were found in high producer cows. Mean values for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum protein (SPtn), creatinine, triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) were 25.10 mg dL-1, 10.15 g dL-1, 0.81, 62.30, 177.10 and 0.16 mmol L-1, and for macro-minerals including SCa, SMg, serum in-organic phosphorus (SIP), SNa and SK were 3.85, 2.66, 4.63, 108.00 and 4.34 mmol L-1, respectively. The highest concentrations for milk parameters, were observed in the high producers, and were significant only for MCa, MIP and MMg. Mean values for milk urea nitrogen (MUN), milk protein (MPtn) and lactose were 19.90 mg dL-1, 0.39 g dL-1, and 4.12% and for macro-minerals, 13.24, 3.88, 11.03, 73.30 and 16.90 mmol L-1, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between the blood and milk parameters except for creatinine/BHB, TGs/cholesterol and MNa/MK which were not significant. The correlations between the blood parameters were greater than in the milk parameters. Creatinine and SPtn, MUN and MPtn were the main parameters in that the relationships between MPtn with BUN, SPtn and creatinine were more noticeable than others. The regression analysis showed that BUN with the SIP and creatinine, MPtn with the BUN and creatinine and MUN with the SIP and SMg were the appropriate parameters in improvement studies related to the milk yield. In conclusion, BUN, SPtn, MUN and MPtn concentrations are the most effective indices for predicting the preferred milk yield.
Yousef Mirzai; Mohammad Yakhchali; Karim Mardani
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 55-60
Abstract
The protozoan intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium commonly infects cattle throughout the world and Iran. The present study was undertaken to determine the abundance and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle herds of northwestern Iran. A total number of 246 fecal samples from ...
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The protozoan intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium commonly infects cattle throughout the world and Iran. The present study was undertaken to determine the abundance and associated risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle herds of northwestern Iran. A total number of 246 fecal samples from 138 (56.1%) diarrheic (D) and 108 (43.9%) non-diarrheic (ND) cattle were randomly collected and examined by fecal smears stained with Ziehl-Neelsen. For molecular specification, DNA was extracted from collected Cryptosporidium oocysts and a fragment of 1325 bp in size from 18S rRNA gene was amplified. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 22.3% (55/246). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in examined calves less than 6 month-old was significantly higher than adult cattle. C. parvum and C. andersoni were identified in 20.3% (50/246) and 2.03% (5/246) of examined cattle, respectively. The highest prevalence of C. parvum infection was found in D calves < 6 month-old (13.4%, 33/246), while C. andersoni was only detected in ND cattle (8.9%, 22/246). There was significant difference in the prevalence between male than female cattle. There was no significant difference between prevalence and seasons of investigation. It was concluded that C. parvum was the prevalent species in younger animals compared to older ones as a potentially zoonotic agent in the region.
Parasitology
Sadaf Sabzevari; Gholamreza Razmi; Abolghasem Naghibi; Javad Khoshnegah
Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 55-61
Abstract
Dog is the main reservoir host of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The present study was carried out to investigate visceral leishmaniasis in owned dogs with dermal lesions in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi province. Thirty- nine owned dogs with dermal lesions were selected. During study, four of dogs were ...
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Dog is the main reservoir host of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The present study was carried out to investigate visceral leishmaniasis in owned dogs with dermal lesions in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi province. Thirty- nine owned dogs with dermal lesions were selected. During study, four of dogs were euthanized. The dermal smears, blood and tissue samples were collected and examined using parasitological, serological and molecular methods. A total of 39 examined dogs, leishman bodies were microscopically detected in 33.30% (13/39) of dermal smears. The sera samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibody against Leishmania infantum was detected in 26.00% (10/39) dogs. According to semi-nested PCR, DNA of Leishmania infantum was detected in 2.50% (1/39) of blood samples and in 75.00 % (3/4) of different tissues of euthanized dogs. BLAST analysis of the sequenced samples indicated a 99.00% similarity with kDNA of Leishmania infantum. Based on the results, it is concluded that visceral leishmaniasis due to L. infantum is distributed among household dogs of this area and it needs more surveillance to control the disease by public health and veterinary authorities.
Poultry
Hesam Alizade; Reza Ghanbarpour; Maziar Jajarami; Asma Askari
Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 55-58
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an economic threat to the poultry industry throughout the world. Some of the virulence genes may enhance the ability of E. coli isolates to grow in the tissues of broilers. The APEC strains are assigned to a few distinct phylogenetic ...
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Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an economic threat to the poultry industry throughout the world. Some of the virulence genes may enhance the ability of E. coli isolates to grow in the tissues of broilers. The APEC strains are assigned to a few distinct phylogenetic groups. The purpose of the present study was to detect the virulence genes and phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from colibacillosis cases in Japanese quail in 2014 in Kerman, Iran. In the present study, one hundred and two E. coli isolates were obtained from dead Japanese quails with colibacillosis. E. coli isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical and bacteriological methods. DNA of E. coli isolates was extracted by boiling method. The confirmed E. coli isolates were investigated to detect the phylogenetic groups and virulence genes including sfa/focDE, afaIBC, papEF by PCR methods. E. coli isolates were classified into A (62 isolates), B1 (24 isolates), B2 (12 isolates) and D (four isolates) phylogenetic groups. Among examined isolates nine isolates (8.82%) were positive for papE-F, five isolates (4.90%) for afaIB-C and two isolates (1.96%) for sfa/focD-E genes. Based on our findings, E. coli isolates from colibacillosis of Japanese quail could be assigned to various phylogenetic groups (mostly A and D), and they may contain the adhesion genes in a low prevalence.
Stem Cells
Neda Abedpour; Mojdeh Salehnia; Nassim Ghorbanmehr
Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 59-66
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) known as a serum-derived growth factor, is involved in several cell physiological functions in the female reproductive system including: oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo implantation by its transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. The aim of the present ...
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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) known as a serum-derived growth factor, is involved in several cell physiological functions in the female reproductive system including: oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and embryo implantation by its transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of LPA on in vitro follicular development of mouse ovarian tissue. Neonatal mouse ovarian tissues were cultured in five different concentrations of LPA (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM). The developmental competence and the function of cultured ovarian tissue were assessed by morphological study using hematoxylin and eosin staining and hormonal analysis. The expression of LPA receptor (LPAR 1-4) genes were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The proportion of preantral follicles and the level of E2 hormone were significantly higher in the 20 µM LPA-treated group than those in the other treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the expression of LPAR 1-4 genes in 20 µM LPA treated group in comparison with 0 µM LPA (control group) treated and non-cultured groups. In addition, the expression of LPAR1 gene was higher than other receptor genes in all studied groups. In conclusion supplementation of the media with 20 µM LPA, could improve the survival and developmental potential of follicles and it had positive effects on cell function and stimulation of E2 synthesis in mouse whole ovarian tissues.
Nutrition
Amir Gholami-Yangije; Rasoul Pirmohammadi; Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of sunflower residues silage (SRS) and effects of its substitution with alfalfa hay and corn silage on lactation performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters of Mohabadi dairy goats. Four ...
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This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of sunflower residues silage (SRS) and effects of its substitution with alfalfa hay and corn silage on lactation performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters of Mohabadi dairy goats. Four experimental diets were formulated to gradually replace alfalfa hay and corn silage with SRS as follows: Control (no inclusion of SRS, group 1) and groups 2 to 4, representing 15, 30 and 45.00% replacement of common forages in the diet with SRS, respectively. Sixteen multiparous dairy goats weighing 60.00 ± 3.00 were divided into two 4 × 4 latin square design. Ensiling was being able to increase crude protein content, reduce neutral detergent fiber and increase acid detergent lignin in sunflower residues. Daily dry matter (DM) intake and DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased with increasing levels of SRS in the diet. The highest and the lowest digestibility coefficients belonged to 30 and 45.00% embedment levels, respectively. Milk yield decreased with increasing levels of SRS and differences were statistically significant compared to the highest substitution level. Milk composition was similar among diets, but daily production of milk decreased in higher substation levels. Statistically significant differences were found in serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentrations between treatments and LDL levels decreased as dietary levels of SRS increased. According to these results, SRS is an acceptable feed for dairy goats and common dietary forages can be replaced up to 30.00% with SRS without negative effects on milk yield and composition.
Abbas Ali Ahmadinaghadehi; Younes Ali Alijoo; Abbas Ali Naserian
Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warm and cold physical as well as chemical processing methods on the nutritive value of barley grains by gas production technique. The processing methods included milling, steam flaking, extruding and soaking up the grain in water containing ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warm and cold physical as well as chemical processing methods on the nutritive value of barley grains by gas production technique. The processing methods included milling, steam flaking, extruding and soaking up the grain in water containing 1.00% citric acid, 1.00% propionic acid and 0.01 M sulfuric acid. Two-hundred mg of milling samples were incubated in special 100 mL glasses and the amount of gas produced at different hr was measured. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. The results showed that different treatments did not have a significant effect on chemical composition of barley seeds. Other methods of processing compared to the grinding method, significantly reduced the total amount of produced gas. In the 72 hr incubation period, the lowest amount of gas production was in the extruded (245.6 mL per g dry matter) treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the two methods of extruding and flaking. The highest percentage of digestible organic matter was associated with propionic acid (64.90%), while the steam cracking method (58.74%) was the least. Among the processing methods, the highest amounts of methane production, total protozoa population and volatile fatty acid concentration were related to the grinding method and the least amount of extrusion treatment was observed during 24 hr of incubation. Different experimental treatments had a significant effect on ammonia nitrogen condensation and the highest level was observed in milling. According to our results, processing methods such as extrusion and flaking may improve the grain nutritive value.
Ghazale Golestan; Amir Parviz Salati; Saeed Keyvanshokooh; Mohammad Zakeri; Hossein Moradian
Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 63-67
Abstract
Aloe vera has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of its constituents. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total number ...
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Aloe vera has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of its constituents. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total number of 480 O. mykiss (mean weight 9.50 ± 0.85 g) were randomized into four experimental groups including one control and three experimental groups that aloe vera was incorporated in their diet at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1. Trial was done for eight weeks. Then biometry and blood sampling were done. Plasma malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and growth index were estimated at the end of study. The results showed that aloe vera extract did not affect growth indices. Malondialdehyde was increased in the experimental group compared to the control group but ferric reducing ability of plasma showed a decrease in experimental groups (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Our findings showed that dietary aloe vera have adverse effects on antioxidant defense system in O. mykiss.
Hossein Sharideh; Mojtaba Zaghari
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 63-67
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights are more energy-efficient and provide adequate illumination compared to compact fluorescent (CFL) lamps and incandescent light (ICD) bulbs. However, as new light sources, the LED lights may have a stress effect on broiler chickens. Thus, this study aimed to determine ...
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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights are more energy-efficient and provide adequate illumination compared to compact fluorescent (CFL) lamps and incandescent light (ICD) bulbs. However, as new light sources, the LED lights may have a stress effect on broiler chickens. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary L-tryptophan (Trp), as an anti-stress agent and different color temperatures of light-emitting diodes on immune responses and growth performance of male broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty day-old Ross 308 male chicks were used from day 1 to 42. The chicks were randomly distributed into six treatment groups in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement [0 or 1 g Trp per kg diet along with neutral-white (4286 K), warm-white (2990 K), and incandescent (2790 K) light bulbs] with four replicates of 20 chicks each. Results showed that dietary Trp and Trp×light interaction did not affect growth performance, immune responses, a total number of leukocytes, and different leukocytes count (heterophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte) of male broiler chickens. However, LEDs’ different color temperatures significantly affected the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and primary antibody of sheep red blood cell (SRBC). The FCR was the lowest in the warm-white light, and primary SRBC antibody titers of the chicks were the highest. In conclusion, although adding Trp to male broiler diets did not affect the growth performance and immune responses of chickens, the warm-white light improved the FCR and primary SRBC.
Mina Tadjalli; Saeed Nazifi; Rahil Haghjoo
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 119-122
Abstract
In order to study the normal hematopoiesis, cellular components and myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio in the bone marrow of the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), bone marrow samples were collected from the proximal tibiotarsus bone of 16 clinically healthy adult pheasant. The bone marrow smears were stained ...
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In order to study the normal hematopoiesis, cellular components and myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio in the bone marrow of the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), bone marrow samples were collected from the proximal tibiotarsus bone of 16 clinically healthy adult pheasant. The bone marrow smears were stained using the Giemsa stain. The results indicated that the development and formation of blood cells in the bone marrow of pheasant were similar to other birds, whereas the morphology of the cells was similar to chickens, ducks, quail, and black-head gull. The mean M/E ratio was 1.24, the mean erythroid percentage was 42.24, the mean myeloid percentage was 52.62, and the mean percentage of all other cells percentage was 5.38. There was no significant difference in any of the cellular composition between male and female.
Fatemeh Zobeiri; Rajab-Ali Sadrkhanlou; Siamak Salami; Karim Mardani; Abbas Ahmadi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2012, , Pages 131-135
Abstract
Side effects of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), a widely used broad spectrum antibiotic with fluoroquinolone core, have been reported in different organs. In the present study we sought to elucidate the impact of ciprofloxacin on sperm chromatin integrity and sperm DNA damage using Aniline Blue and Acridine Orange ...
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Side effects of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), a widely used broad spectrum antibiotic with fluoroquinolone core, have been reported in different organs. In the present study we sought to elucidate the impact of ciprofloxacin on sperm chromatin integrity and sperm DNA damage using Aniline Blue and Acridine Orange technique, respectively. The fertility potential in male mice was also evaluated. NMRI male mice of 8-week old were included in this study and they were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was received low dose (LD) of ciprofloxacin (206 mg kg-1, PO) and the second was treated with high dose (HD) of ciprofloxacin (412 mg kg-1, PO) for 45 consecutive days. The control mice were only treated with oral carboxymethyl cellulose for 45 consecutive days. Sperm cells were removed from cauda epididymis and analyzed for chromatin integrity and DNA damage. In addition, the rate of fertilization, two cell embryos, blastocysts, arrested embryos and their types was examined using zygotes cultured in human tubal fluid - bovine serum albumin (HTF-BSA) medium. Concomitant significant increase in DNA damage and protamine deficiency of the sperm cells in ciprofloxacin treated mice were observed (P < 0.05). In addition, the fertilization rate and embryonic development in treated mice were significantly lower than that of control mice, but the embryo arrest rate in treated mice was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.001). In conclusion CPFX was able to induce DNA damage and chromatin abnormalities of sperm cells which could be contributed in the observed low fertilization rate and retarded embryonic development.
Shalaleh Mousavi; Alireza Haghparast; Gholamreza Mohammadi; Seyed-Elias Tabatabaeizadeh
Volume 5, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 135-139
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali provinces which are the main provinces located in the northeast of Iran. Total number of 429 blood samples were collected from industrial dairy herds. The samples were categorized ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali provinces which are the main provinces located in the northeast of Iran. Total number of 429 blood samples were collected from industrial dairy herds. The samples were categorized based on province, age (2-3, 4-6, and 7-10 years old), calving (≤ 2, 3-5, and > 5) and herd size (≤ 100, 101-250, and > 250) and examined by indirect ELISA. The results of this study showed that 109 (25.4%) out of 429 serum samples were BLV seropositive. The BLV prevalence among cattle of dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali provinces were 29.8% and 1.5%, respectively. The results showed that the number of seropositive animals was increased significantly with the age (p < 0.05). The infection rate in animals 2-3, 4-6 and 7-10 years old were 12.1%, 26.7% and 45.6%, respectively. It was shown that BLV prevalence according to calving ≤ 2, 3-5 and > 5 was 15.5%, 33.0% and 42.9%, respectively, with a significant difference between calving ≤ 2 and > 5 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of BLV among herd size of ≤ 100, 101-250 and > 250 was 19.7%, 14.3% and 42.1%, respectively, which was significantly higher in herds with more than 250 cattle (p < 0.05). This study revealed that BLV infection in dairy herds of northeast of Iran was influenced by geographical location (province), age, calving and herd size.
Parasitology
Seyyed Mostafa Mohammadi; Bijan Esmaeilnejad; Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin
Volume 8, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 139-144
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the infection rate and vectors of Theileria lestoquardi in goats from West Azerbaijan province, Iran. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from 40 randomly selected flocks in the study area from June to September, 2014. Out of 400 blood samples examined using ...
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This study was aimed to determine the infection rate and vectors of Theileria lestoquardi in goats from West Azerbaijan province, Iran. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from 40 randomly selected flocks in the study area from June to September, 2014. Out of 400 blood samples examined using microscopic examination, a number of 14 goats (3.50%) were positive for Theileria spp., whereas 25 goats (6.25%) yielded a specific T. lestoquardi SSU-rRNA fragment (235 bp). The prevalence of theileriosis in goats estimated by semi-nested PCR was significantly higher than the prevalence estimated by microscopic examination of the blood smears. The prevalence of Theileria infection in different age and sex groups of goats was not significantly different. The highest and lowest prevalence of Theileria infection was in July (12.00%) and September (2.00%), respectively. A number of 315 adult Ixodid ticks were also collected from naturally infested goats and they were characterized. Out of 315 examined ticks, a number of 37 ticks including Hyalomma marginatum (65.20%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (44.00%), and Dermacentor marginatus (68.70%) were infected by T. lestoquardi. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the semi-nested PCR assay based on SSU-rRNA gene is a valuable method for epidemiological investigation of caprine theileriosis. The results showed that H. marginatum, R. turanicus and D. marginatus can be considered as risk factor in the epidemiology of T. lestoquardi.
Parasitology
Soraya Naem; Behzad Pourreza; Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 149-153
Abstract
From April 2009 to December 2011, 44 dead hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were collected incidentally from areas of Urmia, Iran. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 95.0%. Specific parasites and their prevalences were: Physalopteraclausa(93.0%), Crenosoma striatum (61.0%), Capillariaaerophila(9.0%), ...
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From April 2009 to December 2011, 44 dead hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were collected incidentally from areas of Urmia, Iran. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 95.0%. Specific parasites and their prevalences were: Physalopteraclausa(93.0%), Crenosoma striatum (61.0%), Capillariaaerophila(9.0%), Capillariasspp.(4.0%), Brachylaemuserinacei(2.0%) and Hymenolepiserinacei(16.0%). There were no significant differences in helminth occurrence between hedgehog sexes, either in single or in mixed infections (p > 0.05). The mixed infection involving Crenosoma striatum and P. clausaoccurred significantly more frequently than other mixed infection (p < 0.05).There were significant differences in prevalence among seasons, with the highest prevalence in summer and spring especially among P. clausaand C. striatum (p < 0.05).
Stem Cells
Vahid Akbarinejad; Parviz Tajik; Mansoureh Movahedin; Reza Youssefi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 149-153
Abstract
The receptors 1 and 2 of fibroblast growth factor (FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively) have been observed in all types of testicular cells. Culture on extracellular matrix (ECM) has been observed to lead to initiation of differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The present study was carried out ...
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The receptors 1 and 2 of fibroblast growth factor (FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively) have been observed in all types of testicular cells. Culture on extracellular matrix (ECM) has been observed to lead to initiation of differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The present study was carried out to investigate whether FGFR1 and FGFR2 play a role in SSCs differentiation. Following isolation, bovine testicular cells were cultured on ECM-coated or uncoated (control) plates for 12 days. The gene expression of THY1, cKIT, FGFR1 and FGFR2 was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results related to the gene expression of markers of with undifferentiated (THY1) and differentiated (cKIT) spermatogonia implicated stimulation of self-renewal and differentiation in cells cultured on ECM-coated and uncoated plates, respectively (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, the expression of FGFR2 increased during culture in the ECM group (p < 0.05), whereas it did not change in the control group (p > 0.05). As a result, the gene expression of FGFR2 was greater in the ECM than control group (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, FGFR1 expression did not change during culture in the control and ECM groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential role of FGFR2 in differentiation of SSCs during culture on ECM.
Theriogenology
Abolfazl Mohammadi; Hesam Seifi; Nima Farzaneh
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 153-158
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of administrating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and GnRH at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the pregnancy survival rate of dairy cows. A number of 830 lactating Holstein cows were ...
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The present study aimed to determine the effect of administrating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and GnRH at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the pregnancy survival rate of dairy cows. A number of 830 lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups. Cows in group 1 (n=200) treated with 150 µg d-cloprostenol. In group 2 (n=212), cows received 10 µg buserelin acetate, and group 3 (n=205) was treated with both 150 µg d-cloprostenol and 10 µg buserelin acetate. In addition, 213 cows were assigned as control group which received normal saline as placebo (group 4). To measure progesterone, milk samples were collected at the insemination day and five days later. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 28 and 60 days after the insemination, and the size and number of corpus luteum (CL) and twin pregnancies were recorded. Hormone therapies had no effect on the P/AI, pregnancy survival rate, and the size and number of CL. The P/AI ratio in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 38.50%, 42.92%, 41.46% and 40.84%, and the pregnancy survival rates in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 84.42%, 86.81%, 88.23% and 83.91%, respectively. The probability of a twin pregnancy was significantly higher in group 1 (15.58%) than other groups. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the offspring gender. In conclusion, the administration of d-cloprostenol or buserelin acetate at the time of AI had no effect on P/AI and pregnancy survival rate in dairy cattle under no heat stress condition, while the administration of d-cloprostenol increased the probability of twin pregnancies.
