Rida Haroon Durrani; Ali Ahmad Sheikh; Masood Rabbani; Muti-ur-Rehman Khan; Muhammad Ilyas Riaz; Muhammad Anas Naeem; Salman Ashraf Chattha; Aleena Kokab; Munazzah Maqbool; Muhammad Athar Abbas; Naila Siddique
Volume 13, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 481-487
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance among pathogens of the agro-food sector is increasing at an alarming rate, which has directed attention to the search for alternative to antibiotic therapy. The present work studied the physiological and population dynamics of lytic bacteriophages against ...
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The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance among pathogens of the agro-food sector is increasing at an alarming rate, which has directed attention to the search for alternative to antibiotic therapy. The present work studied the physiological and population dynamics of lytic bacteriophages against avian-adapted Salmonella. Out of 28 positive samples, four bacteriophage isolates (SalØ-ABF37, SalØ-RCMPF12, SalØ-MCOH26, SalØ-DNLS42) were selected based on their ability to clearly lyse bacterial test strains. The isolates propagated were active against closely related D1 serotypes, i.e., S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, with no heterologous activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 23235. Each of the monophage suspension and cocktail efficiently suppressed the bacterial count from exponential increase in comparison to the untreated bacterial control. The bacterial turbidity was recorded as 0.244 at λ600 during 400 min of co-incubation, in contrast to bacterial control showing λ600 = 0.669. The latent period was recorded to be 25, 35, 25 and 30 for SalØ-ABF37, SalØ-RCMPF12, SalØ-MCOH26 and SalØ-DNLS42, with 73.00, 97.00, 132 and 75.00 PFU cell-1, respectively. The highest lytic activity was seen at 37.00 ˚C - 42.00 ˚C, with phage particle count being fairly stable at pH 3.00 - 9.00. Each of the isolates possessed dsDNA by being resistant to RNase A. The current study concludes that lytic phages are promising alternative to combat multidrug resistant superbugs. The physiological characterization and bacterial growth inhibition are important parameters in standardization of phage therapy.
Physiology
Fereshteh Anbarian; Esmaeal Tamaddonfard; Amir Erfanparast; Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad
Volume 14, Issue 10 , October 2023, , Pages 549-557
Abstract
The cerebellum and its deep nuclei contribute to the regulation of important functions including motor coordination and pain. Histamine modulates some functions of the fastigial nucleus (FN) such as motor coordination. In this study, by application of histamine and activation of its H1 and H2 receptors, ...
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The cerebellum and its deep nuclei contribute to the regulation of important functions including motor coordination and pain. Histamine modulates some functions of the fastigial nucleus (FN) such as motor coordination. In this study, by application of histamine and activation of its H1 and H2 receptors, the FN processing of visceral pain, general locomotor activity and motor coordination were targeted. The possible mechanism of action was followed by the inhibition of opioid receptors. The right and left sides of the FN were surgically implanted with guide cannulas. Immediately after an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1.00 mL, 1.00%), the first writhing onset latency and the writhing number over 60 min were recorded. Open-field and rotarod tests were applied for general locomotor and motor coordination assessment, respectively. Histamine and dimaprit (H2 receptor agonist) increased first writhing onset latency, decreased the writhing number and increased falling time from the rod. These effects were prevented by ranitidine (H2 receptor antagonist) pre-treatment. Significant alterations were not observed by histamine H1 receptor agonist (2-pyridylethylamine) and antagonist (mepyramine). Naloxone, with no effect on falling time from the rod, inhibited the antinociceptive effects of histamine and dimaprit. Beam break number was not affected by the above-mentioned treatments. Based on the results, it can be suggested that histamine H2, but not H1 receptors at the FN might have had an inhibitory role on acetic acid-induced visceral pain and improved motor coordination. The antinociception, but not motor coordination might be mediated by FN opioid receptors.
Theriogenology
Sadigheh Pashapour; Adel Saberivand; Amir Afshin Khaki; Maryam Saberivand
Volume 14, Issue 11 , November 2023, , Pages 601-606
Abstract
About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found ...
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About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found in many plants, improves sperm parameters. The present study investigated the effect of saponin on sperm oxidative stress and testicular structure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by the administration of 150 mg kg-1 STZ via a single intra-peritoneal injection. All experimental mice were allocated to the following groups: Control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group administrated 100 mg kg-1 saponin daily and one healthy group administrated saponin daily for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of insulin, glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. A histological evaluation of testicles was performed. Treatment of diabetic mice with saponin ameliorated testicular tissue damage as well as serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, in the diabetic group, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde was increased; while, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was reduced. The mean Johnsen's score and the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules were lower in the diabetic mice than control ones. However, these parameters were higher in the saponin-treated mice than controls. Overall, saponin administration rectified all examined parameters. The anti-oxidant role of saponin improves sperm parameters and diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage.
Microbiology
Somayeh Bahrami; Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi; Nader Mosavari; Fattah Sotoodehnejad; Mohammad Eslampanah
Volume 14, Issue 12 , December 2023, , Pages 659-664
Abstract
The new strategy for vaccine development such as the fused protein multi-epitope capable of preventing the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBi) can be an effective strategy for controlling tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunity of experimentally ...
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The new strategy for vaccine development such as the fused protein multi-epitope capable of preventing the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBi) can be an effective strategy for controlling tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunity of experimentally infected BALB/c mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis after injection of DNA construct. Nineteen female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and injected with 0.50 mL of M. tuberculosis. After 3 weeks, lung and spleen samples from the infected mice were examined. The protective effects of light chain 3-fused protein multi-epitope against TB were evaluated for post-exposure and therapeutic exposure. The lungs and spleens of the mice were aseptically removed after death for histopathology analysis. The bacterial colonies were counted, and the cells were stained after 3 weeks of incubation. No significant differences were observed between the post-exposure and therapeutic exposure groups. The pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice in these groups included an increase in the thickness of interalveolar septa, hyperemia, and intraparenchymal pulmonary hemorrhage centers (positive control), scattered hyperemic areas (negative control), and hyperemia in the interstitial tissue, scattered hyperemic areas in the lung parenchyma and lymphocytic infiltration centers (experimental group). Flow cytometry of the post-exposure and therapeutic exposure models showed insignificant changes in all three groups. It seems necessary to develop a post-exposure and therapeutic exposure vaccine strategy that focuses on LTBi to prevent the progression of the active disease. In this regard, multi-epitope vaccines should be designed to induce both cellular and humoral immunity.
Abbas Tavasoly; Hannaneh Golshahi; Annahita Rezaie; Mohammad Farhadi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2013, , Pages 25-30
Abstract
Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and ...
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Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n = 21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n = 5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n= 4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n = 2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n = 12) grade I, 46.9% (n = 15) grade II and 15.6% (n = 5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Mosa Tavassoli; Habib Khoshvaghti
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2010, , Pages 26-29
Abstract
Forty-one wild sheep (Ovis ammon orintalis) from Kabodan Island of National Park of Urmia Lake (North-West of Iran), were examined during a period of six months from October 2002 to March 2003, for helminthes and coccidian infection. The numbers of oocyst and eggs per gram of faeces (OPG & EPG) were ...
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Forty-one wild sheep (Ovis ammon orintalis) from Kabodan Island of National Park of Urmia Lake (North-West of Iran), were examined during a period of six months from October 2002 to March 2003, for helminthes and coccidian infection. The numbers of oocyst and eggs per gram of faeces (OPG & EPG) were determined by the centrifuge flotation technique using saturated sugar solution. The rate of infection for Strongylid form, Marshalagia, Trichuris eggs, and lung worm larvae were 8 (19.5%), 12 (29.5%), 17 (41.5%) and 14 (34.1%), respectively. Thirty-three (80.48%) of the examined wild animals were infected to one or more Eimeria species including E. parva, E. ahsata, E. ovinoidalis and E. faurei. This study suggested that the rate of parasitic infection in wild sheep were very low but it would seem that in unsuitable condition such as drought and starvation, parasitic infection can be cause a serious problem in wild sheep population.
Theriogenology
Ali Kadivar; Heidar Heidari Khoei; Hossein Hassanpour; Hamid Ghanaei; Arefeh Golestanfar; Hossein Mehraban; Najmeh Davoodian; Roohollah Dehghani Tafti
Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2016, , Pages 27-34
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a member of nuclear receptors superfamily, which mainly regulate the expression of target genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. These receptors are divided to three isotypes: PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ. Each isotype ...
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a member of nuclear receptors superfamily, which mainly regulate the expression of target genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. These receptors are divided to three isotypes: PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ. Each isotype has a distinct tissue distribution relating to the distinct functions. In this study, the mRNA abundance for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARβ/δ was evaluated and compared with high and low motile ram spermatozoa. Semen samples from 6 adult rams were fractionated on a two layer discontinuous Percoll gradient to high and low motile sperm and quantitative parameters of sperm motility were determined by CASA. Total RNA was extracted and the mRNA abundance for each gene was measured by relative quantification technique with Real time PCR. The levels of three isotypes of PPAR transcripts were significantly higher in high motile semen samples using quantitative RT-PCR. Some of sperm motility indices were also significantly correlated with PPARα and PPARγ relative expression. This study revealed the novel association of PPAR gene isotypes with sperm motility. Data from our study suggested PPARs are one of the possible factors that can be studied in male infertility.
Clinical Pathology
Akbar Anaeigoudari; Fatemeh Norouzi; Azam Abareshi; Farimah Beheshti; Azita Aaghaei; Mohammad Naser Shafei; Zahra Gholamnezhad; Mahmoud Hosseini
Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 27-33
Abstract
In the present study the protective effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa)on synaptic plasticity impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was investigated. Fifty-eight rats were grouped and treated as follows: 1) control (saline), 2) LPS, 3) LPS-N. sativa,and 4) N. sativa. In a Morris water ...
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In the present study the protective effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa)on synaptic plasticity impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats was investigated. Fifty-eight rats were grouped and treated as follows: 1) control (saline), 2) LPS, 3) LPS-N. sativa,and 4) N. sativa. In a Morris water maze test, the escape latency and traveled path to find the platform as well as time spent and the traveled distance in target quadrant (Q1) were measured. Long term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of hippocampus followed by high frequency stimulation to Schafer collateral was studied and slope, slope 10-90% and amplitude of field excitatory field potential (fEPSP) were calculated. The escape latency and traveled path in LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group while, in LPS-N. sativa group these parameters were significantly lower than those in LPS group. The rats in LPS group spent less time and traveled shorter distance in Q1 than the rats in the control group while, in LPS-N. sativa group the rats spent more time and traveled longer distance than the rats in LPS group. LPS significantly decreased slope, slope 10-90% and amplitude of fEPSP while, in LPS-N. sativa group these parameters increased compared to LPS group. The results indicated that the hydro-alcohol extract of N. sativa protected against synaptic plasticity and spatial learning and memory impairment induced by LPS in rats.
Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou; Sara Javanmardi; Hossein Tayefi Nasrabadi
Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 27-33
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the protective effects of Plantago major L (PM) leaf extracts on the testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Twenty-four mature male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were selected. They were randomly divided ...
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The present study was aimed to determine the protective effects of Plantago major L (PM) leaf extracts on the testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D)-induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Twenty-four mature male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were selected. They were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: Sham (sham-operated rats; all the surgical steps were performed but T/D was not induced), TDC (control group; T/D was induced and the right testicular torsion of 720° lasting two hours was followed by detorsion), TDP50 (T/D-operated rats received 50.00 mg kg-1 of PM extract daily for seven days intraperitoneally after detorsion) and TDP100 (T/D-operated rats received 100 mg kg-1 of PM extract daily for seven days intraperitoneally after detorsion). After seven days of treatment, the right testicles were collected. Histopathological and biochemical analyses including levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) and peroxidase activities were determined in testicular tissues of the rats. Tissue sections were taken from testis, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was done, and the slides were examined by a light microscope. The level of MDA was significantly increased in the testes of the TDC group. The CAT activity levels were decreased significantly after I/R. The post-torsion treatment with PM, particularly at 100 mg kg-1, prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and reduced the CAT activity levels. The PM also prevented I/R-induced cellular damage and histological changes in the testicular tissues. According to the results of the current study, PM leaf extracts had significant positive effects on the testicular T/D-induced I/R injury. The possible mechanism of reduction in biochemical and histological injuries by PM extracts could be due to antioxidant property.
Surgery
Shiva Amanollahi; Ahmad Reza Bahrami; Azadeh Haghighitalab; Haniyeh Shaterzadeh Yazdi; Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2024, , Pages 27-34
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents challenging and unpredictable neurological recovery. During inflammatory conditions, the amount of serum albumin and nutrition consumption decreases. Currently, it is proposed to measure serum albumin and glucose content in human or animal subjects to predict the recovery ...
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents challenging and unpredictable neurological recovery. During inflammatory conditions, the amount of serum albumin and nutrition consumption decreases. Currently, it is proposed to measure serum albumin and glucose content in human or animal subjects to predict the recovery rate and the efficiency of treatments following SCI. In this study, the effect of extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) from immortalized human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSCs) equipped with the ectopic expression of the human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) gene on serum albumin and glucose levels was investigated. After pre-clearing steps of 72-hr conditioned media, small EVs (sEVs) were isolated based on the ultra-filtration method. They were encapsulated with a chitosan-based hydrogel. Five experimental groups (female rats, N = 30, ~ 230 g) were considered, including SCI, sham, hydrogel, control green fluorescent protein (GFP)-EVs and IDO1-EVs. The 60.00 µL of hydrogel or hydrogels containing 100 µg sEVs from GFP or IDO1-EVs were locally injected immediately after SCI (laminectomy of the T10 vertebra and clip compression). After 8 weeks, non-fasting serum glucose and albumin levels were measured. The results indicated that the level of serum albumin in the animals received IDO1-EVs (3.52 ± 0.04) was increased in comparison with the SCI group (3.00 ± 0.94). Also, these animals indicated higher glucose levels in their serum (250.17 ± 69.61) in comparison with SCI ones (214 ± 45.34). Although these changes were not statistically significant, they could be considered as evidence for the beneficial effects of IDO1-EVs administration in the context of SCI to reduce hypoalbuminemia and improve energy consumption. More detailed experiments are required to confirm these results.
Mojtaba Bonyadian; Hamdollah Moshtaghi; Maryam Akhavan Taheri
Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains and antibiotic resistance of the isolates in raw milk and unpasteurized cheese. Out of 200 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of unpasteurized cheeses, 96 and 24 strains of E. coli ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains and antibiotic resistance of the isolates in raw milk and unpasteurized cheese. Out of 200 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of unpasteurized cheeses, 96 and 24 strains of E. coli were isolated, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the genes encoding heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa), heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb), heat labile toxin (LT) and enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin1 (EAST1). Twelve out of 120 (10.00%) isolates harbored the gene for EAST1, 2(1.66%) isolates were detected as producing STb and LT toxins and 12 (10.00%) strains contained STb and EAST1 genes. None of the strains contain the STa gene. All of the strains were tested for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion method. Disks included: ciprofloxacin (CFN), trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TSX), oxytetracycline (OTC), gentamicin (GMN), cephalexin (CPN), nalidixic acid (NDA) and nitrofurantoin (NFN), ampicillin (AMP), neomycin (NEO) and streptomycin (STM). Among 120 isolated strains of E. coli, the resistance to each antibiotics were as follows: OTC100%, CPN 86.00%, NDA 56.00%, NFN 42.00%, GMN 30.00%, TSX 28.00%, CFN 20%, AM 23.40% and STM 4.25%. None of the isolates were resistant to NEO. The present data indicate that different resistant E. coli pathogens may be found in raw milk and unpasteurized cheese. It poses an infection risk for human and transferring the resistant factors to microflora of the consumers gut.
Physiology
Esmaeal Tamaddonfard; Amir Erfanparast
Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
The parafascicular nucleus (PFN) of thalamus, as a supraspinal structure, has an important role in processing of nociceptive information. In addition, μ-opioid receptor contributes to supraspinal modulation of nociception. In the present study, the effects of microinjection of naloxone (a non-specific ...
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The parafascicular nucleus (PFN) of thalamus, as a supraspinal structure, has an important role in processing of nociceptive information. In addition, μ-opioid receptor contributes to supraspinal modulation of nociception. In the present study, the effects of microinjection of naloxone (a non-specific opioid-receptor antagonist) and naloxonazine (a specific μ-opioid receptor antagonist) were investigated on morphine-induced antinociception in a rat model of acute trigeminal pain. Right and left sides of PFN of thalamus were implanted with two guide cannulas. Acute trigeminal pain was induced by local corneal surface application of hypertonic saline and the number of eye wipes as a pain index was recorded for 30 sec. Microinjection of morphine at doses of 1, 2 and 4 μg per site significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the number of eye wipes. Alone microinjection of naloxone (4 μg per site) and naloxonazine (1 and 2 μg per site) significantly (p < 0.05) increased corneal pain severity. Prior microinjection of naloxone (2 and 4 μg per site) and naloxonazine (1 and 2 μg per site) significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the antinociceptive effect induced by morphine (4 μg per site). All the above-mentioned chemicals did not alter locomotor behavior in an open-field test. The results of the present study showed an antinociceptive effect of morphine at the PFN level of thalamus. Mu-opioid receptor of the PFN of thalamus may be involved in morphine-induced antinociception.
Bijan Esmaeilnejad; Mousa Tavassoli; Siamak Asri-Rezaei
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 31-36
Abstract
Babesia ovis plays an important role in causing anemia and kidney dysfunction in affected animals. There are few extensive studies about hematological and biochemical findings of small ruminants' babesiosis caused by B. ovis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of babesiosis on some hematological ...
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Babesia ovis plays an important role in causing anemia and kidney dysfunction in affected animals. There are few extensive studies about hematological and biochemical findings of small ruminants' babesiosis caused by B. ovis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of babesiosis on some hematological and biochemical parameters in infected small ruminants with B. ovis. A total of 280 sheep and 122 goats from 40 herds were randomly examined for the presence of B. ovis in blood samples. Of 402 samples, 67 animals (16.7%) were positive for B. ovis of which 52 (18.5%) were sheep and 15 (12.2%) goats, respectively. The infected animals were divided into four subgroups according to parasitemia rates (<1%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). As a control group, 67 uninfected animals were also selected from the same farms. With increase in parasitemia rates, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while, total leukocyte count, number of lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). Infected animals presented a significant elevation (P < 0.05) of total proteins and significantly lower level (P < 0.05) of albumin compared to non-infected animals. Significant elevation (P < 0.05) of BUN, creatinine, cholestrol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL level were found with parasitemia progression.
Majid Aminzare; Javad Aliakbarlu; Hossein Tajik
Volume 6, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 31-39
Abstract
The effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) at two concentrations (0.02% and 0.04% v/w) on chemical composition, pH, water activity (aw), lipid oxidation, color stability and sensory characteristics of Lyoner-type sausage stored at 4 ˚C for 40 days was investigated. The moisture content ...
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The effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) at two concentrations (0.02% and 0.04% v/w) on chemical composition, pH, water activity (aw), lipid oxidation, color stability and sensory characteristics of Lyoner-type sausage stored at 4 ˚C for 40 days was investigated. The moisture content of the control sample was higher (p < 0.05) than CZEO incorporated samples, while fat, ash and protein content were not affected by adding essential oil. At days 0 and 40, Lightness (L*) and whiteness index (WI) were significantly decreased and total color difference (ΔE) significantly increased (p < 0.05) by adding CZEO. With the exception of first day of storage, redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were significantly increased and decreased, respectively during the rest of storage (p < 0.05). The pH values were not differing between the control samples and samples containing CZEO (p > 0.05). The water activity content fell in Lyoners with added CZEO during the storage. Incorporation of CZEO retard lipid oxidation process at the end of storage (p < 0.05). Samples containing highest amount of CZEO had higher sensory score compared to control sample. Our results pointed out that CZEO could be used as natural additive for increasing the chemical stability of Lyoner-type sausages.
Anesthesiology
Hesam Savadkoohi; Nasser Vesal
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 31-36
Abstract
In order to assess possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions, the analgesic effects of intra-peritoneal tramadol and morphine administered either separately or in combination were determined using tail-flick latency test following exposure to radiant heat in rats. Groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley ...
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In order to assess possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions, the analgesic effects of intra-peritoneal tramadol and morphine administered either separately or in combination were determined using tail-flick latency test following exposure to radiant heat in rats. Groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tramadol (3.90, 7.00, 12.50, and 22.20 mg kg-1) and morphine (1.26, 2.25, 4.00 and 7.10 mg kg-1) or a combination of tramadol and morphine (4 different combinations). The baseline latency was obtained before drug injection for each rat, then at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min after injection. The effective dose (ED)50 for either tramadol or morphine individually was 11.70 mgkg-1 and 2.26 mg kg-1, respectively. Based on isobolographic analysis, the ED50 values obtained by drug combination were significantly less than the calculated additive values; which indicates that the co-administration of tramadol and morphine produces synergistic antinociception in the radiant heat tail-flick assay. Combination of morphine and tramadol administered intra-peritoneally can be used for the control of acute pain in rats.
Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Hossein Bayatani; Mona Vakili Alavijeh
Volume 12, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 33-37
Abstract
In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to investigate the relationship between locomotion score and production traits. A total number of 123 dairy cows from a free-stall housing farm were used in this study. To compare the effectiveness of the ANNs for the prediction of locomotion ...
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In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to investigate the relationship between locomotion score and production traits. A total number of 123 dairy cows from a free-stall housing farm were used in this study. To compare the effectiveness of the ANNs for the prediction of locomotion score, the multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed using the eight production traits, body condition score, parity, days in milk, daily milk yield, milk fat percent, milk protein percent, daily milk fat yield, and daily milk protein yield as input variables to predict the locomotion score. The ANN predictions gave a higher coefficient of determination (R2) values with lower mean squared error (MSE) than MLR. The R2 and MSE of the MLR model were 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. However, the ANN model for the same dataset produced much improved results with R2 = 0.80 and MSE = 0.16, respectively. Globally, the results of this study showed that the connectionist network model was a better tool to predict locomotion scores compared to the multiple linear regression.
Reza Asadpour; Razi Jafari; Hossein Tayefi - Nasrabad
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 37-44
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of frozen-thawed bull semen processed with extenders containing vitamin C and E as antioxidants. Pooled semen's were collected from 5 bulls and diluted to a concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/mL with citrate –egg yolk (CEY) or Tris – ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of frozen-thawed bull semen processed with extenders containing vitamin C and E as antioxidants. Pooled semen's were collected from 5 bulls and diluted to a concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/mL with citrate –egg yolk (CEY) or Tris – egg yolk (TEY) extenders. The diluted semen was divided to 5 aliquots including control and 4 experimental groups. Each aliquot was further diluted with an equal volume of CEY or a Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS) - based extender without (control) or containing vitamin C 1mM or 2mM and vitamin E 0.1mM or 0.2mM, and routine semen evaluations like sperm motility, viability and measurement of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were conducted. Significant reductions of LPO were achieved by addition of 1mM vitamin C and 0.1 mM vitamin E to CEY extender (P < 0.05). The highest sperm viability was achieved by addition of 0.1mM vitamin E to CEY extender. Supplementing CEY extender with 2mM vitamin C and 0.1mM vitamin E improved the sperm motility compared with the control group. On the basis of the present results it is concluded that vitamin C and E are very efficient antioxidants in CEY extender.
Zahra Noori Sabzikar; Mehrdad Mohri; Hesam Adin Seifi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , February 2023, , Pages 87-95
Abstract
Limited information exists about the relationship of adipose tissue with inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism during the transition period in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to assess the changes and relation of some adipokines, cytokines, oxidative biomarkers, and serum ...
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Limited information exists about the relationship of adipose tissue with inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism during the transition period in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to assess the changes and relation of some adipokines, cytokines, oxidative biomarkers, and serum biochemical parameters related to energy balance (EB) in cows during the transition period. Thirty multiparous Holstein cows were selected based on estimated parturition date, and blood samples were collected from jugular vein on one-week prepartum and one and three weeks postpartum and used to measure the parameters. The serum levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), non-esterified fatty acid, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase, and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly, and glucose, urea, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased significantly after parturition. The serum values of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were not changed significantly during the experiment. The results of the Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between BHB with glucose, albumin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and a positive correlation with TG and malondialdehyde. Also, there was a significant direct correlation between insulin and leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-6 and TNF-α in the whole experiment period. These emphasize the difficulty of dairy cows to manage the energy requirements during the transition period. It can be stated that adipokines and cytokines may have an essential role in the metabolic status in this period, and control of their production and, or secretion could be helpful in EB during the transition period.
Abdulghaffar Ownagh Ownagh; Abbas Hasani; Karim Mardani; Samira Ebrahimzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , September 2010, , Pages 99-105
Abstract
Growth inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus flavus and Fusarum solani exposed to the essential oils including Thyme, Agastache and Satureja were studied. Disc Diffusion Method was used to evaluate the fungal growth inhibitory effects of the essential oils. Minimal inhibitory concentration ...
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Growth inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus flavus and Fusarum solani exposed to the essential oils including Thyme, Agastache and Satureja were studied. Disc Diffusion Method was used to evaluate the fungal growth inhibitory effects of the essential oils. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oils were determined and compared with each other. The results showed that all three essential oils examined, had antifungal effects against three fungi species. The MIC data revealed that Thyme oil was the most effective essential oil with the MIC of 62.5 μl ml-1.
Javad Khoshnegah; Ahmad Reza Movassaghi; Mehrnaz Rad
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 99-103
Abstract
In order to assess the prevalence of skin diseases in dogs encountered in a first opinion university small animal clinic, 1299 Iranian domestic dogs presented from September 2007 through March 2011 to the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital, were examined. Dermatological disorders ...
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In order to assess the prevalence of skin diseases in dogs encountered in a first opinion university small animal clinic, 1299 Iranian domestic dogs presented from September 2007 through March 2011 to the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital, were examined. Dermatological disorders were noted in 17.00% (221/1299) of all the dogs examined. Pruritus was the most common presenting sign, accounting for 25.35% of the dermatological consultations. It was followed by erythema, maculo-papular-pustular eruptions (16.97%), erosive or ulcerative lesions (16.74%), scaling or crusting (13.02%), alopecia (8.84%) and visible ectoparasites (7.44%). The most common primary final diagnoses were superficial pyoderma, cutaneous manifestations of canine leishmaniasis, flea infestation and allergy, tick infestation, atopic dermatitis, scabies, unspecified dermatoses, otitis, furunculosis and food allergy. There were no apparent age or sex predilections for dermatological disease as a whole. Spitz (odds ratio = 3.38; p = 0.001), Terriers (odds ratio = 2.52; p < 0.001) and German Shepherds (odds ratio = 1.90; p = 0.001) appeared to be at increased risk for dermatological disease. In addition, Khorasani large cross breed dogs (odds ratio = 0.36; p = 0.003) and mixed breed dogs (odds ratio = 0.33; p < 0.001) showed decreased risk for dermatological conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey study on canine dermatological conditions carried out in Iran.
Ramin Mazaheri-Khameneh; Farshid Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei; Siamak Asri-Rezaei; Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2012, , Pages 103-109
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to compare the intraosseous (IO) and intravenous (IV) effects of propofol on selected blood parameters and physiological variables during general anesthesia in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Six rabbits received IV propofol (group 1) and another 6 ...
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This prospective study aimed to compare the intraosseous (IO) and intravenous (IV) effects of propofol on selected blood parameters and physiological variables during general anesthesia in rabbits. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Six rabbits received IV propofol (group 1) and another 6 rabbits, were injected propofol intraosseously (Group 2) for 30 minutes (experimental groups). Rabbits of the third and fourth groups received IV and IO normal saline at the same volume given to the experimental groups, respectively. In the fifth group IO cannulation was performed but neither propofol nor normal saline were administered. Blood profiles were assayed before induction and after recovery of anesthesia. Heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, saturation of peripheral oxygen and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded. Heart rate increased significantly 1 to 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia in experimental groups (P < 0.05). Although mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline, values remained above 60 mm Hg (P < 0.05). Respiratory rate decreased significantly in experimental groups, but remained higher in group 2 (P < 0.05). The lymphocyte count decreased significantly in group 1 (P < 0.05). The concentration of alkaline phosphatase in all rabbits, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the first group and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the third group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Total bilirubin decreased significantly in group 2 (P < 0.05). All measured values remained within normal limits. Based on the least significant physiological, hematological and biochemical effects, the IO injection of propofol appears to be safe and suitable method of anesthesia in rabbits with limited vascular access.
Abdollah Jamshidi; Saeid Khanzadi; Majid Azizi; Mohammad Azizzadeh; Mohammad Hashemi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 107-114
Abstract
Black zira (Bunium persicum) is a medicinal plant and spice, naturally grows in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different concentrations of Bunium persicum essential oil (EO; including 0, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.24%), three incubation temperatures (15, 25 and 35˚C), three ...
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Black zira (Bunium persicum) is a medicinal plant and spice, naturally grows in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different concentrations of Bunium persicum essential oil (EO; including 0, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.24%), three incubation temperatures (15, 25 and 35˚C), three levels of pH (5, 6 and 7 adjusted by hydrochloric acid), and three inoculum size (102, 103 and 104 CFU mL-1) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the brain heart infusion broth. Black zira EO was extracted and its component was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The experiment was carried out in triplicate. Growth was monitored by visible turbidity during a 30-day period. To evaluate effects of explanatory variable on time to detection (TTD) of bacterial growth, parametric survival models based on Log-normal distribution was used. All explanatory variables had significant association with time to detection (p < 0.05). The final model accurately predicted the growth initiation and inhibition of S. aureus.
Abdolvahed Moarabi; Bahman Mosallanejad; Ali Reza Ghadiri; Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2011, , Pages 113-120
Abstract
Ultrasonographic examination of urinary system (kidney and urinary bladder) was conducted in New Zealand white rabbit [NZwr] and Tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Ultrasound images of the kidney and urinary bladder were evaluated on fifteen healthy rabbits of New Zealand white rabbit and another fifteen Tolai ...
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Ultrasonographic examination of urinary system (kidney and urinary bladder) was conducted in New Zealand white rabbit [NZwr] and Tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Ultrasound images of the kidney and urinary bladder were evaluated on fifteen healthy rabbits of New Zealand white rabbit and another fifteen Tolai hares. The healthy rabbits were 8-12 months old (mean = 9.3 months), of both sexes and weighed between 1.1-1.7 kg (mean = 1.250 kg). All examinations were performed while the rabbits were in dorsal recumbancy. The kidneys were examined from fossa by the use of an 8 MHz linear real-time scanner. This study revealed the following measurements normal rabbit kidneys: 27.80-35.70 mm and 16.90-22.40 mm in length and width in New Zealand white rabbit, respectively. The length and width were 26.67-34.50 and 15.82-20.60 mm, in Tolai hare, respectively. Bladder wall thickness varies from 1.70-2.50 mm (in New Zealand white rabbit) to 1.80-2.60 mm (in Tolai hare). Statistical analysis showed that the gender did not have effect on length, width and weight (P > 0.05), but the type of the animal, had significant effect on the cortex and surface (P < 0.05). In the present study, the renal cortex was uniform in echogenicity, hyperechoic to the renal medulla, hypoechoic to the spleen, and isoechoic to the hepatic parenchyma.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Mojtaba Mohseni; Masoud Maham; Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh; Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin
Volume 8, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 115-120
Abstract
Displacement of the abomasum is a common disease of the gastrointestinal tract in dairy cattle. Abomasal displacement has been associated with abomasal hypomotility. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective therapeutic agents that stimulate abomasal motility in cattle. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) ...
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Displacement of the abomasum is a common disease of the gastrointestinal tract in dairy cattle. Abomasal displacement has been associated with abomasal hypomotility. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective therapeutic agents that stimulate abomasal motility in cattle. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is traditionally used as a folk remedy for treatment of human gastrointestinal complaints in the northwest of Iran. This study investigated the effects of A. millefolium extracts on abomasal smooth muscle preparations from healthy cattle. The A. millefolium extracts (3 to3000 mg L-1) contracted the isolated of smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner, with an effective threshold concentration of 30 mg L-1 (p < 0.05). The strongest contraction by A. millefolium aqueous extracts in a concentration of 3000 mg L-1 was observed and amounted to 124.90 ± 10.80% of the control treatment. This action was unaffected by pretreatment with hexamethonium and indomethacin, but strongly reduced by verapamil, atropine and 4-DAMP. The inhibiting effect of 4-DAMP and atropine suggesting that the effect of A. millefolium extracts is mediated at least partly by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The results suggested that A. millefolium has the potential prokinetic effect that may prevent or alleviate dysfunctions of gastrointestinal motility.
Radiology
Behnaz Asadi Ahranjani; Bahador Shojaei; Zahra Tootian; Madjid Masoudifard; Amir Rostami
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 117-124
Abstract
Euphrates turtle is the only soft shell turtle of Iran, and unfortunately is in danger of extinction due to multiple reasons. Imaging techniques, in addition to their importance in diagnosis of injuries to animals, have been used as non-invasive methods to provide normal anatomic views. A few studies ...
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Euphrates turtle is the only soft shell turtle of Iran, and unfortunately is in danger of extinction due to multiple reasons. Imaging techniques, in addition to their importance in diagnosis of injuries to animals, have been used as non-invasive methods to provide normal anatomic views. A few studies have been conducted to understand body structure of the Euphrates turtle. Since there is only general information about the anatomy of turtle limbs, the normal skeleton of the Euphrates limbs was studied. For this purpose four adult Euphrates turtles were used. Digital radiographic examination was performed by computed radiographic (CR) in dorsoventral (DV) and lateral (L) positions. Spiral CT-scanning was done and 3D images of the bones were reconstructed for anatomical evaluation. For skeletal preparation, the skeleton was cleaned by a combination of boiling and mealworm methods and limbs’ bones were examined anatomically. In the present study, simultaneous anatomic, radiographic and CT studies of bones in individual turtles made us possible to describe bones anatomically and provided comparable and complementary conditions to represent the abilities of the radiography and CT for better understanding of the anatomy. Arrangement and the number of carpal and tarsal bones are used in turtles’ classification. Among the studied species, Euphrates turtle carpal and tarsal bones show the most similarities to the Apolone spinifera.