Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Application of metagenomic sequencing toward rapid and sensitive diagnosis of goose avastrovirus infection in China1624804010.30466/vrf.2020.116892.2776ENGuangwei ZhaoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing ChinaXinzhu DengDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing ChinaDi WuDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing ChinaRuibing CaoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, ChinaAojun ShaoChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaYu ZhouChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaTianqi ZhangChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaGe LiChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaHongzhang HeChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaJing LuDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing ChinaLiwu ZhangChongqing Sanjiezhongxin Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Chongqing, ChinaJournal Article20191107The gosling gout, a newly emerged disease, has widely broken out in China since 2017. Typical signs for the disease include diarrhea, anorexia, depression, dehydration, emaciation and paralysis. At autopsy, uratosis was the main pathological change which could be found at kidney, pericardium, air sac, muscle and leg joint. In this study, gosling gout was firstly diagnosed by metagenomic analysis. Samples of kidney, Fabricius bursa, spleen and jejunum were collected and submitted to next-generation DNA sequencing. Our results demonstrated that goose avastrovirus was highly related with this disease. We confirmed the sequencing results by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method and artificial infection experiment and got consistent results. In summary, metagenomic sequencing method combined with traditional molecular identification was applied toward diagnosis of a novel gosling gout disease in China and revealed that goose avastrovirus was highly related with this disease. It has been proved to be a powerful tool for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of animal diseases, especially for some exceptional pathogens. In addition, host range, variation, molecular pathogenesis and potential zoonotic infection of this novel goose astrovirus need to be further studied.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248040_4957eda4d84f6b6567fb5fe830e8f262.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Investigation of the anticancer and apoptotic effect of Micromeria congesta under in vitro conditions and detection of related genes by real-time PCR71424804510.30466/vrf.2020.118949.2814ENHikmet DinçDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkiye0000-0001-7738-1145Akın YiğinDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkiye0000-0001-9758-1697İsmail KoyuncuDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, TurkiyeMustafa AslanDepartment of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, TurkiyeJournal Article20191221At the present time cancer is one of the biggest health problems and because of the problems encountered in its treatment, alternative treatment methods of herbal origin are researched. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of the essential oil extracted from the <em>Micromeria congesta</em> plant on various cancer cells (A549, ECC-1, HCT-116, HELA, HGC-27, MDA-MB-231, SNU-423, U20S, DLD-1, PC-3) and normal cells (BEAS-2B, CRL-4010) have been examined. Anticancer mechanism of action has been particularly examined on gastric cancer (HGC-27; IC50: 15.84 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>), on which essential oil showed a high cytotoxic effect. In the study, the cytotoxic effect and the apoptotic effect have been applied by MTT and flow cytometric annexin-V methods, respectively. The apoptotic gene expression (caspase 3, caspase 9, MMP2, MMP9, ACTB) real-time PCR content analysis has been performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). <em>M. congesta</em> essentials oil has the highest cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer (HGC-27) cells, decreases MMP2 and MMP9 expressions, and induces apoptosis with increasing the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 genes. In addition, it has been determined that piperitenone oxide (40.00 - 45.00%), pulegone (11.00%) and cyclohexanone (18.00 - 19.00%) are the major components of M. <em>congesta</em> essentials oil. In conclusion, it has been determined that the compounds found in high amounts in <em>M. congesta</em> plant induces apoptosis by affecting the expression of compound genes and thus can have the potential to be an alternative drug in the treatment of gastric cancer.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248045_63d085c463c2ca8354ddfcae1fb233a9.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Effects of age and sex on some hematological and biochemical parameters in Hair goats151924804710.30466/vrf.2020.120090.2841ENTahir KaraşahinDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkiye0000-0003-2358-0389Nese Hayat AksoyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, TurkiyeŞükrü DursunDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, TurkiyeGaye BulutDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, TurkiyeAli Evren HaydardedeoğluDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, TurkiyeGüzin ÇamkertenDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkiyeİlker ÇamkertenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, TurkiyeRamazan İlgün Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkiye0000-0003-0150-3008Journal Article20200205This study was performed to determine the blood reference values of hematological and biochemical parameters in Hair goats at different ages. For this aim, clinically healthy Hair goats (n = 180, ages of six month and 1-3 years male and female) were used to collect blood samples. In whole blood, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)and red cell distribution width (RDW) were evaluated. The levels of, albumin, total protein, globulin, glucose, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and iron levels were investigated in sera. Age and sex had no effect on the cell structures of blood. In the either sex (male or female), age had no effect. However, sex had a significant effect on the blood cell structures except for WBC, HGB, and HCT. Albumin, protein, calcium, AST, ALT, ALP and magnesium values were not different among groups. Both the age and sex of the goats had significant effects on blood levels of glucose, phosphorus, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, GGT, CK and total bilirubin. In conclusion, this was the first study reporting the hematologic and biochemical parameters in blood of the Hair goats. The results indicated that these parameters could show variations under physiological conditions due to age and gender.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248047_7c4107ed3a4936a149ba45b37c1eefd2.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220315Comparison of meat quality characteristics of dry aged lamb loins and optimization of dry aging process212724805010.30466/vrf.2020.116850.2869ENÜmit GürbüzDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, TurkiyeHatice AhuKahramanDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye000-0001-6600-239xArife EzgiTelliDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, TurkiyeYusuf BiçerDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, TurkiyeYusuf DoğruerDepartment of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, TurkiyeJournal Article20200220The purpose of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, meat quality, oxidative stability and sensory properties of lamb meat during 0, 7 and 14 day of the dry aging process. The <em>M. longissimus lumborum</em> (LL) and <em>M. longissimus thoracis</em> (LT) muscles from male Akkaraman lambs were used. The pH values of the LT and LL cuts were not changed during the aging periods. The LT cuts had significantly higher weight loss, <em>a</em>* and <em>b</em>* values, and lower shear force compared to the LL cuts. However, dry aging led to greater decreases in shear force in the LL cuts on 7<sup>th </sup>day of aging. The total mesophilic aerobic counts, total psychrophilic counts,<em> Enterobacteriaceae</em> counts, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast-mold counts were increased during the aging process. The sensory panel scoring showed a significant difference in the LL cuts and no significant difference in the LT cuts compared to the control group. There were significant changes in sensory panel scores for the LL cuts, whereas there were no significant changes for the LT cuts according to the non-aged samples. In conclusion, dry aging improved the quality of both cuts, however, the LL muscle of lamb was more suitable for dry aging. Moreover, 7 days were sufficient to produce the desired sensory properties in the lamb loins. Increasing the aging time from 7 to 14 days did not appreciably affect the sensory attributes or tenderness.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248050_cd54ed9bd99b04ddd6239a358cc703a0.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301In vitro effects of essential oils of Tanacetum balsamita and carvone on the contractility of bovine ileum smooth muscles293724805410.30466/vrf.2021.521204.3118ENMasoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-GavganiDVSc Candidate, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University , Urmia, Iran0000-0001-7227-9117Masoud MahamDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranBahram Dalir-NaghadehDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20201215<em>Tanacetum balsamita </em>(<em>Asteraceae</em>) is a medicinal plant previously used in human medicine to solve gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune-modulatory, and antioxidant effects of <em>T. balsamita</em> have been proven in previous studies. The present study investigated the effects of <em>T. balsamita</em> essential oil (TBEO) on ruminant smooth muscle contractions. The experiment was performed on the circular smooth muscle of ileum samples taken from slaughtered bulls in the organ bath. Nine cumulative concentrations of TBEO from 0.10 to 1000 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> were added to tissue samples. The solution used was Tyrode’s solution aerated with a mixture of 95.00% oxygen and 5.00% carbon dioxide, and the temperature was set at 37.00 ˚C. The effect of TBEO on baseline contractions and three induced contractions with potassium chloride, barium chloride, and carbachol was investigated. In GC-MS analysis of TBEO, carvone was identified as a major ingredient. The effects of eight concentrations of 0.001 to 10.00 µM of carvone on all contractions were investigated under similar conditions. The effects of TBEO, carvone, and verapamil (standard calcium channel blocker) on calcium channels were assessed. The results revealed that TBEO and carvone significantly inhibit spontaneous contractions as well as all spasmogen-induced contractions. The TBEO and carvone exert their myorelaxant properties by inhibiting Ca<sup>++</sup> channels in smooth muscle. The anti-spasmodic properties of <em>T. balsamita </em>can be employed for the treatment of intestinal spasms or hypermotility.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248054_77a0c91a7eef5f36bef2b252605b1287.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Echocardiographic assessment of intravenous administration of medetomidine and xylazine hydrochloride at different sedative doses in one-humped camel calves (Camelus dromedarious)394624617010.30466/vrf.2019.112347.2675ENMohammad Reza Esmaili NejadDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4548-1771Majid MasoudifardDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9087-6919Omid AzariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranEhsanollah SakhaeeDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranNima GhalekhaniHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20190802Echocardiography illustrates a convenient and noninvasive tool for measuring cardiac output (CO) changes after administration of sedative drugs, but it is unknown in camelids practice. The aim of present study was to investigate echocardiographic effects of intravenous (IV) injection of medetomidine and xylazine in camel calves.<strong> </strong>Twenty apparently healthy immature male one-humped camel calves (<em>Camelus dromedarious</em>) were divided into four groups (five animals in each treatment). Medetomidine and xylazine were injected into the left jugular vein at two different doses of 10.00 and 20.00 μg kg<sup>-1</sup> and 0.20 and 0.40 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Effects on some selected echocardiographic parameters were recorded at different intervals, before drug administrations (baseline) and after 3, 60 and 120 min. Data were analyzed by repeated measure, ANOVA test, then relevance and significance were taken as <em>p </em>≤ 0.05.<strong> </strong>Significant decrease<strong> </strong>in<strong> </strong>fractional shortening percentage (FS%), ejection fraction percentage (EF%), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) and subsequent CO were noticeable 3 min after drug administration in medetomidine high dose (MH), medetomidine low dose (ML) and xylazine high dose (XH) groups (<em>p </em>≤ 0.05), furthermore at this time significant decrease in left ventricular mass (LVmass) and left ventricular systolic time intervals were seen in these groups, however, in xylazine low dose (XL) group, the lowest level of most echocardiographic parameters were detectable after 60 min. High dose IV injection of medetomidine was associated with significant decrease in most echocardiographic parameters without echocardiographic arrhythmia. Although, ML and XH groups had the same effects on echocardiographic indices but the intensity and duration were less than MH group.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_246170_63af3e63f523ef964e8d6bd4e5e730c9.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Histological and stereological approaches for detection of tissues and fraud in some meat products 475324967210.30466/vrf.2020.115238.2742ENNasser Darban MaghamiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAbolghasem NabipourDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000000221298382Mohammad MohsenzadehDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-7829-039XMaryam TorabiLaboratory of Veterinary Office, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20191002Meat and meat products are highly important sources of protein in the diet. Nowadays, the consumption of meat and meat products has increased owing to modern manufacturing techniques. Due to the economic value of meat, the use of unauthorized tissue is possible in meat products. In some cases, there is fraud in the percentage of meat in meat products to reduce prices. In this study, 34 samples of minced meat, hamburger and sausage were randomly collected from the markets in the northeast of Iran. Then, sections were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E), Verhoeff-van-Gieson, Masson's trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff-Alcian blue stains. In this regard, for the first time, the efficacy of stereological technique to determine the percentage of meat listed in sausages and the possible existence of fraud was evaluated. The results showed that, due to the presence of some unusual tissues, histological technique could determine different tissues in meat products. The stereological results of control samples showed a very slight difference; whereas, the results for the samples collected from the city stores showed a distinctive difference regarding the percentage of meat compared to the percentage of label. Skeletal and smooth muscles, blood vessels, nerve, gizzard, adipose tissue, glandular tissue, cartilage, bone, tendon, skin, lymphatic tissues and plant materials were observed. It was confirmed that stereology was a reliable method to determine and confirm the percentage of meat used in meat products.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_249672_0c3e7f7116a5f8c905681741260e68e3.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Detection and distribution of virulence genes in Aeromonas hydrophila isolates causing infection in cultured carps 556024803810.30466/vrf.2020.115998.2761ENMina AhangarzadehSouth of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-3589-9306Masoud Ghorbanpour NajafabadiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranRahim PeyghanDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranHossein HoushmandSouth of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-8589-7352Mostafa Sharif RohaniDepartment of Fish diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Science Institute (IFSRI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranMehdi SoltaniDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, AustraliaJournal Article20191020<em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> is a bacterium associated with many diseases and disorders such as fin rot, skin ulcers and lethal hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. It bears several virulence factors including type III secretion system (T<sub>3</sub>SS), <em>aerolysin</em>, <em>cytolytic enterotoxin</em> and enzymes (<em>e.g.</em> <em>hemolysins</em>, lipase) that seem to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Detection of virulence markers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a key procedure in defining the pathogenic ability of pathogenic bacteria and preparing a vaccine for its treatment. In this sense, this study was aimed to determine the frequency of virulence genes in isolates obtained from infected cultured carps in Khuzestan province. Out of 200 moribund carps with septicemic symptoms, 125 isolates were belonged to the motile aeromonads and 59 isolates were identified as <em>A. hydrophila </em>by biochemical methods. Finally, using PCR analysis, 31 isolates were identified as <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Five virulence genes were detected in these isolates including <em>hemolysin</em>, <em>aerolysin</em>, <em>cytolytic enterotoxin</em> and T<sub>3</sub>SS (<em>aopB and ascV</em>) by specific primers. Results showed that 23 (74.19%), 18 (58.06%), 16 (51.61%), 13 (41.63%) and 10 (32.25%) isolates possessed <em>cytolytic enterotoxin</em>, <em>hemolysin</em>, <em>aerolysin</em>, and T3SS genes, respectively. The results of the present study showed that among 31 isolates, only five isolates had all of dominant virulence genes<em>. </em>Thirteen other isolates had genotypes including <em>hlyA</em><sup>+</sup>, <em>aerA<sup>+</sup>, and act<sup>+</sup>.</em> The remaining isolates had at least one virulence gene. This study showed that determination of the virulence genes by PCR can be a reliable method to identify a potential pathogenic <em>Aeromonad </em>strain.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248038_ab1fe1ee3311f0d82e2bf740facc7422.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Evaluation of dietary betaine on post-thawed semen quality in mature bulls during summer heat stress617024805210.30466/vrf.2020.124845.2927ENReza IjabDepartment of Theriogenology and Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranEsmail AyenDepartment of Theriogenology and Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-4504-8163Amir KhakiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran0000-0003-3417-0844Ali SoleimanzadehDepartment of Theriogenology and Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20200628Heat stress (HS) has caused relative hypoxia, oxidative stress and high level of homocysteine, which contributes significantly to fertility failures in bulls. The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of dietary betaine (BET) in improving dual purpose Simmental (Fleckvieh) post-thawed semen quality especially during the hottest summer days. A total number of 16 mature bulls were randomly assigned to three equal groups including: 1) Control condition (without betaine), 2) BET1: 57.00 mg of betaine kg<sup>-1</sup> per day and 3) BET2: 114 mg of betaine kg<sup>-1</sup> per day, through daily intakes for 90 days in summer. Plasma levels of homocysteine, seminal plasma antioxidants levels and sperm parameters such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin integrity, motility, viability, morphology and membrane integrity were evaluated. Under maximal HS, serum homocysteine concentrations were reached 16.67 ± 0.09 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>. Dietary betaine supplementation influenced DNA fragmentation of sperm and was higher in the control group compared to BET2 group. There were significant decreases in seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and sperm viability and motility in bulls treated with betaine. The activity of GPx and SOD in the control group was increased up to 0.08 ± 0.00 U mg<sup>-1</sup> protein and 0.52 ± 0.01 U mg<sup>-1</sup> protein in seminal plasma. There were no significant differences between groups in the percentage of swollen spermatozoa, membrane integrity, sperm morphology, abnormal head morphology and percentage of spermatozoa stained with aniline blue. In conclusion, BET supplements improved semen parameters in sperm motility, sperm viability and influenced DNA fragmentation during HS with reduction in serum homocysteine concentrations.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248052_f1f7103679176dff6b59c3f5861bbad5.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Addition of MitoTEMPO to the maturation medium improves in vitro maturation competence of bovine oocytes717824803710.30466/vrf.2020.115586.2751ENIman YousefianDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAhmad Zare-ShahnehDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranHamid KohramDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranJournal Article20191010The effects of MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, and its non-targeted parent, TEMPO, on bovine oocyte maturation competence have not been determined so far. Hence, our study was aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing maturation medium with different concentrations of MitoTEMPO (0.00, 0.10, 1.00 and 10.00 µM) or TEMPO (0.00, 5.00, 10.00 and 15.00 mM) on <em>in vitro</em> maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of bovine oocytes. The oocytes after IVM and IVF were evaluated for the signs of nuclear maturation and normal fertilization. The average number of spermatozoa penetrated per oocyte and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also evaluated. The results showed that percentages of bovine oocytes reached the metaphase II stage of meiosis were significantly higher in the 1.00 µM MitoTEMPO group compared to the control group (without antioxidant supplementation). The normal fertilization rate also tended to be greater in this group than the control group. In comparison with the control group, the medium supplementation with 1.00 µM MitoTEMPO led to a significant decrease in the intracellular ROS level. The average number of spermatozoa penetrated per oocyte was not significantly different among the antioxidant-treated and the non-treated groups. The TEMPO addition to the maturation medium affected neither the rate of maturation/fertilization nor the level of intracellular ROS in bovine oocytes. Based on these results, we concluded that MitoTEMPO at a concentration of 1.00 µM had beneficial effects on the quality and fertilization potential of bovine oocytes.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248037_7bb293ad649a94af454cc44ccce52dd4.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Detection of Treponema phylotypes from digital dermatitis lesions and effect of different phylotypes on lesion size798424804810.30466/vrf.2020.120390.2847ENMarzieh FaeziDVM Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2084-377XAzam MokhtariDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranAhmadreza MohamadniaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-1459-3989Journal Article20200119Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a contagious infectious disease which causes lameness in dairy cows. It has a multifactorial etiology which is not yet fully understood but <em>Treponema</em> spp. seem to play a significant role in development of BDD lesions. This study evaluated the presence of <em>Treponema</em> phylotypes commonly associated with BDD (<em>T. medium/T. vincentii, T. phagedenis </em>and<em> T. putidum/T. denticola)</em>, in four farms different areas in Iran. Single biopsies were taken from 113 Holstein cows with active BDD lesions (scored according to size) on the farms and polymerase chain reaction assays used to detect 16S rRNA nucleotide fragments of three BDD <em>Treponema</em> phylotype groups: ‘‘<em>T. </em><em>medium</em><em>/T. </em><em>vincentii</em>’’, ‘‘<em>T. </em><em>phagedenis</em>’’ and ‘‘<em>T. </em><em>putidum</em><em>/T. </em><em>denticola</em>’’ (now <em>T. pedis</em>). Over 95.00% of samples were positive for at least one of phylotypes, with 89.00%, 91.00 %, and 66.00% of samples were positive for<em> T. </em><em>putidum</em><em>/T. </em><em>denticola</em><em>, T. </em><em>phagedenis </em>and<em> T. medium/T. vincentii</em>,<em> </em>respectively<em>.</em> Out of the 113 samples, 60.00% were positive for all three phylotypes, the detection of <em>T. putidum/T. denticola </em>was positively associated with detection of both <em>T. phagedenis</em> and <em>T. medium/T. vincentii</em>. No association between lesion size and phylotypes identified was found but there were significant differences between farms in the proportion of each phylotypes identified. Further research is required to establish the factors influencing the proportions of individual phylotypes, especially at the farm level.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248048_a5bf08919ef4d80f0a5938762e51490b.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Changes of plasma and gene expression levels of ghrelin and leptin in rats receiving kisspeptin and morphine859024804310.30466/vrf.2020.118362.2802ENHomayoun KhazaliDepartment of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3231-0463Fariba MahmoudiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0001-6092-1352Journal Article20191210Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic peptide which stimulates hypothalamus- pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis. Morphine is an alkaloid which suppresses reproduction. Ghrelin and leptin are metabolic peptides which play role in relaying information to the HPG axis. In the present study, the interaction effects of kisspeptin and morphine were investigated on plasma and gene expression levels of leptin and ghrelin. Twenty adult male Wistar rats in four groups received injection of saline, kisspeptin (1nmol), morphine (5mg kg-1) or kisspeptin+ morphine. Rats received kisspeptin and morphine via third cerebral ventricular and subcutaneous injection respectively. Ten male rats in two groups received intravenous injection of saline or kisspeptin (7/5nmol). Blood samples, hypothalamic and adipose tissue samples were collected. Plasma and gene expression levels of ghrelin and leptin were measured by using the methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real time-PCR respectively. Morphine significantly increased plasma concentration and hypothalamic mRNA levels of ghrelin compared to saline while kisspeptin significantly decreased them compared to saline. Morphine significantly decreased plasma and mRNA levels of leptin in adipose tissue compared to saline but kisspeptin did not increase plasma and mRNA levels of leptin in adipose tissue compared to saline. Kisspeptin significantly decreased the effects of morphine on plasma concentration and hypothalamic gene expression levels of ghrelin compared to alone morphine but it did not affect morphine’s influence on plasma and leptin gene expression levels compared to alone morphine. Kisspeptin and morphine may be involved in the regulation of reproductive activity partly via regulation the metabolic hormones synthesis.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248043_7e7cd9d50a957f80285b836a2da25398.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Antioxidant potential and fatty acid profile of fish fillet: effects of season and fish species919924805510.30466/vrf.2021.526596.3153ENAghakhan KheiriDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran000000027109728xJavad AliakbarluDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-0858-682xRahele TahmasebiResearch Department of Chromatography, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Urmia, IranJournal Article20210424The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of season and fish species on the antioxidant capacity, fatty acids profile, and vitamin E content of fish fillets from Aras River. The antioxidant potential of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of fish fillets was evaluated. The fillet extracts of zander and bream in summer and common carp in winter had the highest antioxidant activity. Palmitic and oleic acids were the major saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, respectively. The fatty acids C22:6n3 and C20:5n3 were the most abundant polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in all the fishes. In summer, the highest levels of SFA (44.09), total PUFA (25.97), n3 PUFA (20.71) and n3/n6 ratio (4) were found in zander. In winter, the highest amounts of total PUFA and n3 PUFA were determined in silver carp, followed by zander. The highest n3/n6 ratio was also found in silver carp. The ratio of PUFA/SFA was higher in winter than in summer for all the fishes. Vitamin E content of fishes was largely varied. In conclusion, seasonal variation changed the antioxidant potential and fatty acid composition of fish fillets. Aras River fishes, especially zander, possess excellent antioxidant activity and high nutritional quality.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248055_672600dfc331dddc06072e416640c35c.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects of Zataria multiflora in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats10111024804110.30466/vrf.2020.117553.2786ENZohreh ArabPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMahmoud HosseiniPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNarges MarefatiDepartment of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, IranFarimah BeheshtiNeuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IranDepartment of
Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, IranAkbar AnaeigoudariDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, IranHamid Reza SadeghniaPharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad Hossein BoskabadyApplied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20191125The study<strong> </strong>was<strong> </strong>aimed to evaluate the effects of hydro-ethanol extract <em>Zataria multiflora</em> on the brain tissue oxidative damage, and hippocampal interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as learning and memory capacity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - challenged rats. The rats were randomized into five groups as follow: Control group: Rats were treated with saline, LPS group: Rats were treated with LPS 1.00 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, ZM50, ZM100 and ZM200 groups in which the rats were treated with <em>Z. multiflora</em> extract (50.00, 100 or 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per day, respectively). The treatments including extract or vehicle were administered intraperitoneally and given three days before the behavioral tests and were continued within a6-day behavioral experiment. Injection of LPS was daily done before the behavioral tests. Finally, the brains were collected for biochemical evaluations. Although LPS administration prolonged the latency in Morris water maze and shortened the latency to enter the dark chamber in passive avoidance test, ZM extract restored these changes to approach control group values. Also, LPS increased IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites levels and lowered thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in the brain, however, <em>Z. multiflora</em> extract reduced IL-6, MDA and NO metabolites concentrations, but increased thiol content, SOD, and CAT levels. The results of this study showed that <em>Z. multiflora</em> ameliorated learning and memory dysfunction in LPS - challenged rats by alleviating of inflammatory responses and brain tissue oxidative damage.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248041_a9486722b05fceca9b7f6b5ae210048c.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Protective effects of Aloe vera gel on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and neurons structure in rat hippocampus11111924804610.30466/vrf.2020.119876.2835ENNaeem Erfani MajdDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranStem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranRaheleh ShahrakiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranMohammad Reza TabandehDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranStem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranShima HosseinifarDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20200125Cisplatin (CP) as an important chemotherapeutic drug is used for the treatment of various malignancies; but it has some side effects on central nervous system, in particular hippocampus. The present study was aimed to determine the protective effects of <em>Aloe vera </em>(AV) gel on CP-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and neurons structure changes in the hippocampus of rats. Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups including control, CP (5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per week; intra-peritoneally), CP + AV (400 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>per day; orally), CP + metformin (200 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>per day; orally), AV (400 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per day; orally) and metformin (200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> per day; orally). At the end of treatment, brain samples were obtained for analysis of apoptotic genes expression and anti-oxidant markers as well as histological study. The results showed that CP caused an increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in CP group compared to control. The AV gel<em> </em>could diminish oxidative stress in the hippocampus of CP group and it resulted in down-regulation of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 and up-regulation of Bcl-2 in CP group. It<em> </em>could ameliorate degenerative changes in hippocampus after exposure to CP. Our results showed that AV gel ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuronal loss in the hippocampus of rats under CP treatment.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248046_de9a16a6e0cc2ed1664ac885a2b4b2b9.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220315Mesalazine induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in K562 cell line12112624804210.30466/vrf.2020.117585.2788ENParisa ForsatiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, IranYaghub PazhangDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-0572-2980Journal Article20191126Inflammation is an initial response of the body to infection and relationship between inflammation and cancer has been established. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a central factor in inflammation and its activity contributes to tumor progression and apoptosis prevention consequently leading to cancer promotion. As a result, NF-κB inhibitors can cause apoptosis. In this study, the effect of mesalazine as a NF-κB inhibitor on growth and apoptosis of K562 cells has been investigated. The K562 cells were first cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10.00% fetal bovine serum. After that, they were treated for 72 hr with different concentrations of mesalazine (20.00, 40.00, 60.00 and 80.00 μM mL<sup>-1</sup>). The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Hoechst staining and RT-PCR of apoptosis related genes (Bcl-2 and Bax) were carried out to illustrate apoptosis induction and immunocytochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-Myc protein level. According to the results of MTT assay, all of applied mesalazine concentrations decreased K562 cells viability. Hoechst staining showed that the fragmented nuclei increased indicating apoptosis induction. Immuno-cytochemical results showed that mesalazine decreased c-Myc in treated cells. The RT-PCR results also showed an increase in Bax and a decrease in Bcl-2 expressions in mesalazine-treated cells. As the results suggest, mesalazine reduces cell viability by inducing apoptosis in K562 cell line; therefore, it can be used as a candidate for the leukemia treatment.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248042_b49774dd47ec6d025c469a528f22e857.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the intestines of dogs naturally infected with parvovirus12713124803910.30466/vrf.2020.116534.2772ENTuğba ErsoyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye0000-0001-9737-1454Ozlem OzmenDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye0000-0002-1835-1082Journal Article20191031Canine parvovirus (CPV) causes a contagious and fatal viral disease in dogs characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and one of the primary markers of this process is caspase 3. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is also associated with important vital cellular processes. This study was conducted to examine the expressions of caspase 3 and PCNA in the intestinal samples of dogs naturally infected with CPV using immunohistochemical methods. A total of 30 dogs with parvoviral enteritis and five control dogs gut tissues were evaluated for caspase 3 and PCNA expressions. Increased immunoactivities of caspase 3 and PCNA were observed in epithelial, crypt and inflammatory cells in the CPV-infected dogs. Increased expressions of both markers were observed being related to the severity of disease. These results demonstrated the important roles of caspase 3 and PCNA in CPV pathogenesis. These markers may be useful for early diagnosis, estimation of the severity or future treatment strategies of this important disease.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248039_eb4b633a12f7f33376cbd31eebbcce04.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from foods of animal origin and fishes in North-Eastern India13313924804910.30466/vrf.2020.121715.2865ENIngudam ShakuntalaDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaArockiasamy Arun PrinceMiltonDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, India0000-0002-0436-6582Samir DasDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaSandeep GhatakDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaRajkumari SanjuktaDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaKekungu-U PuroDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaRaj KumarPeguDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaSwapnil PrakashDoijadDepartment of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigaon Plateau, IndiaSukhadeo BaliraoBarbuddheICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad, IndiaArnab SenDivision of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, IndiaJournal Article20200215<em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> is a pathogen of great concern to the food industry. The present study was aimed to explore the clonal relationships amongst <em>L. monocytogenes</em> strains isolated from foods of animal origin (milk, beef, chevon (goat meat), pork and chicken) and fish. Forty-six <em>L. monocytogenes</em> strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE analysis using <em>ApaI</em> and <em>AscI</em> enzymes revealed 37 pulsotypes, with Simpson’s discriminatory index of 0.987. This study demonstrated the presence of a few similar <em>L. monocytogenes</em> pulsotypes in different foods of animal origin in different places and years of isolation and this indicates that some <em>L. monocytogenes</em> subtypes may be ubiquitous which are acclimatizing and persisting in different foods of animal origin. This also emphasizes the importance of cross-contamination in local wet markets. Thus, the understanding of genetic diversity will contribute to the development of rational and workable strategies to control this important zoonotic infection. https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248049_7894e08670eb325560f46531f42cbae1.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301First clinical isolation report of Shewanella xiamenensis from Chinese giant salamander14114424805310.30466/vrf.2021.138797.3086ENYingming ZhuDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaTing YaoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaYan WangAnimal, Plant and Food Test Center of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai Pudong District, Shanghai, ChinaZiliang ZhaoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaXiaowei YangDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaXia LiuGuizhou Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, ChinaGuangwei ZhaoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaJournal Article20201027<em>Shewanella xiamenensis</em>, a newly virulent zoonotic pathogen belonging to<em> </em>the genus <em>Shewanella</em> is the causative organism of emerging intra-abdominal infection, acute skin ulceration, rotten limbs and ascites in humans and animals<em>.</em> The global spread of <em>S. xiamenensis </em>entails severe economic impact. However, it was rarely reported as a cause of infection and no reports were found that <em>S. xiamenensis</em> isolated from clinical samples. The isolate was identified as a <em>S</em><em>.</em><em> xiamenensis</em><em> </em>strain<em> </em>by 16S rDNA amplification and DNA sequencing identification method. Even if co-infection by other bacteria could not be ruled out, this is the first report of acute disease caused by <em>S</em><em>.</em><em> xiamenensis</em> in the Chinese giant salamander in China. By using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, the sensitivity of the isolate to clinical antibiotics was evaluated. Antibiotic susceptibility test indicated that the isolate was resistant to 32 antibacterial drugs such as kanamycin, florfenicol and ceftriaxone suggesting that the<em> </em>isolate was a multi-drug resistant strain.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248053_e40249566058024ac072f615317c0255.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814013120220301Strangulating left colon volvulus following nonsurgical castration in a 6-year-old donkey14514724805610.30466/vrf.2021.526717.3155ENSaeed AziziDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-7472-0770Hamed MasoudiDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20210315Colic is a clinical syndrome and has been defined as a visceral abdominal pain and/or acute abdominal disease. It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in horses. The most common forms of colics are related to gastrointestinal tract in nature and most often linked to colonic disturbances. However, colics are not well understood in donkeys compared to those of in horses and the literature is poor regarding bowel strangulating obstruction in donkeys. This report described the clinical signs and post-mortem necropsy findings of an abdominal colic due to the left colon volvulus following a non-surgical castration using Burdizzo emasculatome in a 6-year-old donkey. The castration was done under local analgesia following a sedation with a combination of xylazine-acepromazine and physical restraint on a tilt table. Severe abdominal colic and death occurred after discharging from the hospital. Left colon volvulus at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures in a ventromedial-dorsolateral direction of 720° was the main cause of colic found at the necropsy examination. Although left colon volvulus is not considered as a complication of castration, it maybe rational to prescribe an analgesic agent in postoperative care in donkeys undergoing non-surgical castration.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_248056_7fc11ed76bf6d64694a29a46bd753305.pdf