Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Closing gaps: integrating food safety management systems into the veterinary curriculum, as a tool to improve food quality and trade2052063644ENAndrés Cartín-RojasDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, School of Natural and Exact Sciences, State Distance University, San José, Costa Rica.Journal Article20130721https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3644_36b884710fc5c31c3b5703355209f902.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Ameliorative properties of aqueous extract of Ficus thonningii on erythrocyte osmotic fragility induced by acetaminophen in Rattus norvegicus2072123638ENVictor MasekavenAhurDepartment of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, NigeriaYahaya AdenkolaAdenkolaDepartment of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, NigeriaSaganuwan AlhajiSaganuwanDepartment of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, NigeriaJob TerungwaIkye-TorDivision of Livestock Services, Benue State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Makurdi, NigeriaJournal Article20121001<em>In</em><em> </em><em>vitro</em> antioxidant and erythrocyte protecting activities by aqueous extract of <em>Ficus</em><em> </em><em>thonningii</em><em> </em>leaves on blood cells were studied in acetaminophen treated rats. The extract was safe at limit dose of 5000 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>body weight. The extract demonstrated dose dependent antihemolytic effect at dose levels between 50 and 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight. The lowest antihemolytic effect was observed at dose level of 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> body given the lowest percentage hemolysis of 10.53 ± 1.76%, whereas the highest percentage hemolysis at dose level of 50 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> was 29.02 ± 7.45%. Hematology revealed erythrocytosis at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight. Hyper-globinemia and lymphocytopenia were observed at dose levels of 100 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> and 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The extract effectively showed scavenging activity on a stable oxidative radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and a significant ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. The plausible erythrocyte membrane protective effect may be due to its free radical scavenging activity and hence the extract can be used to improve hematological parameters and ameliorate oxidative stress.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3638_7fc4df66ed85ae4956c50f0bc7f69167.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Adverse effects of long-time exposure to formaldehyde vapour on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in rats2132193634ENMazdak RaziDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHassan MalekinejadDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-9847-7928Reza SayrafiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranMohammad Reza HosseinchiDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, IranSajad FeyziDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranSeyed Mehdi MoshtagionDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHamed JanbazDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20120609Formalin is widely used in industry and in medicine (as tissue fixative and disinfectant).It contains reactive molecules which have been known for its cytotoxic effects. To evaluate the effect of formalin exposure on the testicular tissue and sperm parameter from neonatal period through physical and sexual maturity, 28 male Wister rats were assigned into two equal test and control groups. The test group was exposed to 1.5 ppm of the vapour of 10% formaldehyde in a special chamber for 2 hr per day at 20-26 ˚C and the air pressure of 760-763 atm. After 55 days, the tubular differentiation (TDI) and repopulation (RI) indexes in testicular tissue, sperm quality parameters, serum total antioxidant capacity and testosterone level were determined. The formaldehyde-exposed animals showed severe seminiferous tubules atrophy, edematous connective tissue, arrested spermatogenesis with negative TDI and RI and vascular thrombosis compared to control group. Histomorphological studies showed a high sperm mortality and abnormality associated with a remarkable decrease in sperm count. Formaldehyde-exposed animals revealed with decreased serum level of testosterone (<em>p</em> < 0.05) and down-regulated antioxidant status versus control group. In conclusion, the current data provide inclusive histological and biochemical information about the chronic exposure to formaldehyde with emphasizing on reproductive disorders including histological adverse effects on the testicular tissue, spermatogenesis, sperm viability, count and the abnormalities which can potentially cause infertility after sexual maturation.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3634_21f58ca94fa19f5ce9a7daa70534846b.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Effects of dietary vitamin E on mucosal maltase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities and on the amount of mucosal malonyldialdehyde in broiler chickens2212253640ENSeyed Hamid FarrokhifarPost Graduate Student, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IranRamezan Ali JafariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IranNaeem Erfani MajdDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IranSeyed Reza Fatemi TabatabaeeDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IranMansour MayahiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20121024The effects of dietary vitamin E levels on mucosal maltase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activities and on the amount of mucosal malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in broiler chickens were studied in the present study. One hundred and eighty of day old male broiler chicks (Ross 308 strain) were randomly assigned into five groups, each with three replicates and 12 chicks in each replicate. Chickens in group A were fed corn-soy- based diet, while those in groups B, C, D and E were fed the same diet with 20, 60, 180, and 540 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> vitamin E supplement (d-alpha tocopherol), respectively. Six birds were randomly chosen from each group, and were euthanized on days 10, 21, 32, and 42 of age. One segment of small intestine outset was homo-genized and mucosal ALP and maltase activity were measured. Moreover, mucosal lipid peroxidate amount was measured to reveal the impact of vitamin E on oxidative stress. Maltase activity was increased with the increase of vitamin E up to 60 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> of diet while with further levels, it was decreased. Addition of 60 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> of vitamin E to the diet significantly increased ALP enzyme activity (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.001). Addition of 540 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>of vitamin E supplement to the diet led to the minimum amount of MDA at 32 days of age. It may be concluded that supplementation of broiler's diet with 60 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>of vitamin E can increase mucosal maltase and ALP enzyme activity.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3640_4fc7e1101053b013b6c00f52c5b8f1f8.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201PCR detection of Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis in smegma samples collected from dairy cattle in Fars, Iran2272313637ENSaeid HosseinzadehDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranMojtaba KafiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranMostafa Pour-TeimouriDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20120930Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, caused by <em>Campylobacter fetus</em> subsp. <em>venerealis (Cfv), </em>is regarded as one of the major threats to the cattle industry around the world. Abortion and infertility are two important reproductive problems in cows infected with <em>C. fetus</em> subsp. <em>venerealis.</em> Reports on the presence of <em>Cfv </em>are scarce in the cattle, in Iran. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the presence of<em> Cfv </em>in the reproductive tract of dairy cattle either slaughtered in Shiraz abattoir or dairy herds with a history of infertility and abortion, and further to identify and differentiate this micro-organism in dairy cattle in Fars, south of Iran. A total of 95 smegma samples from the preputial cavity and the fornix of the cervical opening were collected using scraping method from bulls (n = 34) and cows (n = 61) in addition to eight samples of commercially bull frozen semen. Smegma samples were then cultured for isolation of <em>Cfv </em>and then the extracted DNA was examined for the presence of <em>Cfv </em>using an optimized multiplex PCR assay. None of the frozen semen samples examined were positive for <em>Cfv. </em>However, out of 95 smegma samples, thirteen animals (12.6%) were found positive for <em>Cfv </em>consisting of 3 males and 10 females. In conclusion, the results of the current study clearly confirmed the presence of <em>Cfv </em>using PCR in the slaughtered cattle and dairy farms with a history of poor fertility and abortion in Fars, Iran.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3637_cbefa80277a7ed5fbf6830f430b96d78.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131215Effects of flunixin meglumine on tendon healing: A histological and mechanical study in rabbits233238253009ENMehdi BehfarDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-9046-5677Rahim HobbenaghiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranFarshid Sarrafzadeh-RezaeiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 57153/1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-4692-3831Journal Article20130121Tendons are frequently targets of injury in sports and work. Whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have beneficial effects on tendon healing is still a matter of debate. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of flunixin meglumine (FM) on tendon healing after experimentally induced acute trauma. Twenty eight adult male New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to complete transection of deep digital flexor tendons followed by suture placement. Treatment group received intramuscular injection of FM for three days, and controls received placebo. Subsequently, cast immobilization was continued for two weeks. Animals were sacrificed four weeks after surgery and tissue samples were taken. The histological evaluations revealed improved structural characteristics of neotendon formation including fibrillar linearity, fibrillar continuity and neovascularization in treatment group compared to those of controls (<em>p</em> < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between two groups in terms of epitenon thickness (<em>p </em>> 0.05). Mechanical evaluation revealed significant increase in load-related material properties including ultimate load, yield load, energy absorption and ultimate stress in treatment group compared to those of control group (<em>p</em> < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences in terms of stiffness and ultimate strain were found (<em>p</em> > 0.05). The present study showed that intramuscular injection of FM resulted in improved structural and mechanical properties of tendon repairs and it could be an effective treatment for acute tendon injuries like severance and laceration.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_253009_196af550f4e60f9b63e718d78e93ca6e.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, cholesterol and triglyceride, and their correlations together in clinically healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius): Effects of season, sex and age2392433641ENJavad TajikDepartment of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranAlireza SazmandDepartment of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Yazd, IranSeyed Hossein Hekmati MoghaddamDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranAria RasooliDepartment of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20121208To evaluate the effects of season, sex and age on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, cholesterol and triglyceride, and their correlations together in dromedarian camels, these parameters were measured in 180 clinically healthy dromedary camels. No significant difference was detected for the measured serum parameters between the two sexes and among the different age groups of camels and none of them had significant correlation with the age of the animals. There was a significant correlation between serum T<sub>4</sub> and triglyceride (r = -0.243, <em>p </em>= 0.002). There were significant differences between summer and winter seasons in the serum concentrations of T<sub>4</sub> (<em>p </em>< 0.001), T<sub>3</sub> (<em>p </em>= 0.01) and triglyceride (<em>p</em> < 0.001). In winter, the serum concentration of triglyceride had a significant correlation with the age of the sampled camels (r = -0.235, <em>p </em>= 0.026). In male camels,T<sub>4</sub>had a marginally significant correlation with cholesterol (r= -0.158, <em>p </em>= 0.06).The effects of season, sex and age on the serum concentrations and relationships between thyroid hormones, cholesterol and triglyceride in dromedary camels can be proposed as the probable causes of the controversial findings in the previous studies.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3641_57246f66b12d274966cfd854934cd9b2.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Evaluation of hooves’ morphometric parameters in different hoof trimming times in dairy cows2452493643ENAhmadreza MohamadniaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAmin KhaghaniBehboud Dam Sepahan Co., Esfahan, IranJournal Article20130122Wide variety of timings and techniques has been used based on the housing, production, availability of requirements etc. This current study was done for a morphologic evaluation of the cow's digit in different trimming times. A dairy herd with 2200 milking cow, free stalls barns, average daily production of 36 liters per cow was selected. Forty cows were assigned to four groups based on hoof trimming times as, 100-120 days in milk (Group I), cows before drying (Group II), visual long toed cows (Group III) and delayed pregnant cows (Group IV). Toe length from coronary band to the toe tip (A), dorsal hoof angle (D), toe height from coronary band in toe region to the ground level (B), heel height from coronary band in heel region to the ground level (C) and heel height to toe length proportion was measured. The highest toe length was recorded in medial digit of group IV (9.19 ± 0.68 cm) and the lowest one recorded in lateral digit of group I (8.28 ± 0.62 cm). Distribution of the cows in different groups under study was based on their toe length, as the highest and lowest distribution were recorded in groups III and I, respectively. The highest measurements in all indices were recorded in group IV that followed by group III except for toe height that was higher in group II following group IV. The lowest toe length was recorded in group I that needs more attention due to the risk of over trimming and its supposed complications in this group.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3643_1bee9a765903f9450eb755a97bd623bd.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Protective effects of garlic aquous extract (Allium sativum), vitamin E, and N-acetylcysteine on reproductive quality of male rats exposed to lead2512573639ENReza AsadpourDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMehdi AzariDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-5730-9891Marzie HejaziDepartment of Basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranHossein TayefiDepartment of Basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranNeda ZaboliDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20121008The objective of present study was to investigate the effects of aqueous garlic extracts, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on lead-induced lipid peroxidation, changes in antioxidant defense system and semen quality in the rat testes. Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups. Animals within different treatment groups were maintained on their respective diets for 35 days as follows: group 1 rats served as control and received water and standard pellets as food <em>ad libitum</em>; group 2 received lead acetate by gavage (1000 ppm); group 3 was treated with <em>A. sativum</em> extract (400 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, by gavage) plus lead acetate (1000 ppm); group 4 was treated orally with vitamin E (300 mg of alpha-tocopherol per kg of chow) plus lead acetate (1000 ppm); group 5 was treated orally with N-acetylcysteine (800 ppm)plus lead acetate (1000 ppm). The weights of testes, epididymis, epididymal sperm count, viable and motile sperms decreased significantly (<em>p </em>< 0.05) in lead-exposed rats. However treatment with vitamin E and aqueous garlic extract resulted in a significant (<em>p </em>< 0.05) increase in sperm motility and viability. Exposure to lead acetate significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level with a significant decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the testes of rats while co-administration of vitamin E and lead caused a significant (<em>p </em>< 0.05) decrease in MDA concentration compared with lead-exposed group. These results suggest that both vitamin E and in to a lesser extent aqueous garlic extract have a potent antioxidant protection in the testes of rat against the lead-induced oxidative stress.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3639_019a5a659c7ace4a9a6fb0fa099098d9.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Effect of gibberellic acid on the quality of sperm and in vitro fertilization outcome in adult male rats2592643636ENMohammadreza HosseinchiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranFarhad SoltanalinejadDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranGholamreza NajafiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranLeila RoshangarDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20120721Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a group of plant hormones identified in various plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of GA3 on sperm parameters and <em>in vitro</em> fertilization (IVF). Fifty six adult male rats were divided into seven groups as, control, treatment and sham. Following 15, 30 and 45 days of GA3 and methanol alcohol (MA) administration, rats were euthanized and epididymis tail was transferred to human tubular fluid (HTF) medium containing 4 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> bovine serum albumin (BSA) .Total number of sperms, the percentage of live sperms, immature sperms and sperms with damaged chromatin and IVF were examined. The oocytes were obtained from immature rats after the injection of pregnant mare's serum (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormones. Human tubular fluid was used as the fertilization medium and zygotes transferred to fresh 1-cell rat embryos culture medium (mR1ECM) to reach the blastocyst stage. This study showed that GA3 could decrease the number of total sperms on days 30 and 45 in treated group comparison with the control and sham groups. Additionally, GA3 increased the immature sperms and sperms with damaged chromatin. The percentage of fertilization, two-cell embryos and blastocyst resulting from the treatment group on days 30 and 45 also decreased and showed significant differences with the control and sham groups (<em>p</em> < 0.05). The results obtained from this study indicated that the oral use of GA3 could reduce the fertility in rats by influencing the sperm number and the quality of sperm’s chromatins.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3636_1c36fc18487042664666eed05c3b1f5b.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201No mutations of FecB and FecGH in Iranian Lory sheep2652683635ENZaynab ShafieiyanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranGhodratollah MohammadiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAbbas JolodarzadehDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSara AmiriDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20121208The<em> </em>Booroola fecundity gene (FecB) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) gene belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. The mutations of these genes have additive effects on the prolificacy in sheep. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible mutations of FecB and FecG<sup>H</sup> genes in Lory sheep breed of the Lorestan province, Iran. Sixty blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted from whole fresh blood. For detection of FecB and FecG<sup>H</sup> mutations, the PCR products were incubated with <em>AvaII</em> and <em>DdeI</em> restricted enzymes. Based on the results we did not find the FecB and FecG<sup>H</sup> mutations in this sheep breed population, so these mutations cannot the cause of the high prolificacy of Lory sheep breed and more study are needed to determine the genetic or environmental causes of high prolificacy of this sheep breed.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3635_8d71fcf7e8e7578195d134823c2c6f8f.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Biofilm formation, hemolysin production and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from the mastitis milk of dairy cows in Shahrekord district, Iran2692723633ENAzizollah EbrahimiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranAzar MoatamediDVM student School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranSharareh LotfalianDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranPejhman MirshokraeiDepartment of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranJournal Article20120201<em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> is a major contagious pathogen causing bovine sub-clinical mastitis. The present investigation was carried out to determine some phenotypic characteristics of the <em>S. agalactiae</em> strains isolated from bovine mastitis cases in dairy cows of Shahrekord in the west-center of Iran. One hundred eighty California mastitis test (CMT) positive milk samples were bacteriologically studied. A total of 31 (17.2%) <em>S. agalactiae</em> isolated. Twenty eight (90.3%) of the isolates were biofilm producers. This finding may indicate the high potential of pathogenicity in isolated strains. Sixteen (51.6%) isolates were α hemolysin producers. Only 19.3%, 22.5% and 29.0% of the isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, flumequine and kanamycin, respectively. None of these three agents is recommended for treatment of mastitis cases.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3633_2bb328a3ccc55cdb923dceb47b985ca3.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-81404420131201Trypanosomiasis of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria: First report2732753632ENOmar BennouneLaboratory of Health, Animal Production and Environment, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria0000-0002-2952-6327Nezar AdiliLaboratory of Health, Animal Production and Environment, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, AlgeriaKhaled AmriDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, AlgeriaLakhdar BennecibDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, AlgeriaAmmar AyachiLaboratory of Health, Animal Production and Environment, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, AlgeriaJournal Article20120113Camel trypanosomosis is a life-threatening disease in the camel species and responsible for severe economic losses either in milk or meat productions. This study was carried out on the south-east area of Algeria on 100 camels of various ages and either sex from two herds. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed higher levels of trypanosomosis caused by <em>Trypanosoma</em> <em>evansi</em>, an elongated parasite with a kinetoplast and a single nucleus located in its half-length and one flagellum with great heterogeneity. This first investigation reveals higher infection rate than those observed in other countries using blood smears, the trypanosomosis attack has reached an alarming level and the occurrence of trypanosomosis at this high level on blood smears is like "the tree that hides the forest" and make up a serious and potential danger both on animal and public health. Therefore, radical preventive and offensive drastic measures must be taken against this menacing disease at the critical points to prevent the economic losses and to avoid possible human transmission.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_3632_ed8d6ffa2739bbae6ec57bc4802a3193.pdf