Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315The ossification of the vertebral column, thorax and sternum in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)173431210.30466/vrf.2019.34312ENAris PourlisLaboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, GreeceJohn AntonopoulosLaboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceJournal Article20190212The ossification centers onset of the quail vertebrae, ribs, and sternum in embryos and hatchling birds was studied. Specimens were cleared, stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S and examined using stereomicroscope. The chondral rudiments of the vertebrae were observed at the 6<sup>th</sup> day of incubation (E6). The osteogenesis of the vertebrae was accomplished with both perichondral and endochondral ossifications. The cervical vertebrae began to ossify at E9-E10, whereas the thoracic ones began at E10-E11. The synsacral vertebrae began to ossify at E11-E13. In the caudal vertebrae, ossification was observed at E14 and in the pygostylous ones, at E15. The true ribs began to ossify at E7, whereas the 1<sup>st</sup> and the 2<sup>nd</sup> ribs began to ossify at E9 and E8, respectively. The uncinate processes were ossified late at E15. At E13, ossification was observed in the caudo-lateral process of the sternum. At E14, the cranio-lateral process of the sternum began to ossify, whereas late at and after hatching ossification was observed in the carina and the sternal body, respectively. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the vertebral column and thoracic cage in quail.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Effects of new synthetic cryoprotectant agents on histological characteristics of various classes of vitrified bovine pre-antral follicles9163430610.30466/vrf.2019.34306ENMohammad Hamed ShahsavariDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranGholamali MoghaddamDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-7580-4968Hossein Daghigh KiaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranAna Paula Ribeiro RodriguesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, LAMOFOPA, PPGCV, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, BrazilJournal Article20190212Previous studies have reported many discrepancies about the best type and concentration of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and biological variability among various pre-antral follicle classes after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of some synthetic polymers on histological characteristics of different types of pre-antral follicles after bovine ovarian tissue vitrification. From each bovine ovarian pair, fragments were recovered and immediately fixed for analysis (fresh control group) or submitted to vitrification (sucrose, X-1000, Z-1000 and polyvinylpyrrolidone groups), either followed by <em>in vitro</em> culture for 1 or 5 days. In this case, although, the addition of X-1000 resulted in greater percentages of normal follicles for almost all pre-antral follicle classes compared to those of other groups, there are some exceptions. These results indicate that the inclusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the freezing media can improve the morphology of the post-warmed transitional follicles and cultured primordial follicles on day five more than other CPAs. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that although ovarian tissue cryopreservation is often performed to preserve the primordial follicles, by choosing the best combination of permeating and non-permeating CPAs (synthetic polymers), more advanced stages of bovine pre-antral follicles, transitional, primary and secondary follicles, may also survive the cryopreservation process.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Comparison of computed tomographic and cytological results in evaluation of normal prostate, prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs17223428810.30466/vrf.2019.34288ENYasamin ValiDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSarang SorooriDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammad MolazemDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMajid MasoudifardDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAlireza VajhiDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSamaneh KeshavarzDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHesameddin AkbareinDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190210Prostate gland can be structurally evaluated by computed tomography (CT) with taking advantages of tomographic feature and post-contrast parenchymal changes. The current examination initiated to determine association between computed tomographic and cytological results in evaluation of canine prostate. Thirty mature male dogs were included and under gone by both CT and fine needle sampling of prostate. The cytology and CT examination results showed 18/30 (60.00%) and 15/30 (50.00%) normal prostate, 5/30 (16.66%) and 4/30 (13.33%) prostatitis and 7/30 (23.33%) and 11/30 (36.66%) benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. Moderate agreement has been found between cytology and final diagnosis based on pre-contrast CT images, however fair agreement was existed between cytological diagnosis and final CT interpretation according to post-contrast and both pre- and post- contrast CT series. Additionally, the internal iliac lymph node length showed statistically significant difference in prostatitis compared to normal and benign hyperplastic prostates in this study. In conclusion, the fair and moderate associations between cytology and final diagnosis based on CT images should be considered and they can be used in further investigations and clinical examinations. Also, using internal iliac lymph node length to differentiate prostatitis with normal and benign hyperplastic prostates can be used efficiently in diagnosis to choose the best method of management and have a proper follow up and prognosis.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis in local ischemia by tissue engineering method in rat: Role of mast cells23303431110.30466/vrf.2019.34311ENSaeede AmaniDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranRasoul ShahroozDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranEsmaeil MortazDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRahim HobbenaghiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranRahim MohammadiDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-2104-9829Ali Baradar KhoshfetratDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20190212The aim of this study was to find a proper method for improvement of ischemic condition in the rat hind limb and also to observe the efficacy of cell engraftment with alginate/gelatin three-dimensional scaffolds. Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6) including a) ischemia group; in which femoral artery was removed after ligation at the distance of 5 mm, b) scaffold group; in which hydrogel scaffold was added to the site of transected femoral artery and c) test group; in which in addition to hydrogel scaffold, mast cells (MCs) were also added (1 × 10<sup>6 </sup>cells). Analysis of capillary density, artery diameter, histomorphometric parameters and immunohistochemistry in transected location were done on day 14 after femoral artery transection. The average number of blood capillary was significantly higher in the test group than other groups. Also, the average number of medium and large blood vessels was significantly higher in the test group compared to ischemia and scaffold groups. Application of MCs through the use of hydrogel scaffolds (alginate/gelatin) can be considered as a new approach in the application of stem cells for therapeutic angiogenesis under ischemic conditions which can improve the angiogenesis process in patients with peripheral artery diseases.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190301The analgesic interaction of tramadol and morphine in rats: An isobolographic study31363310810.30466/vrf.2010.33108ENHesam SavadkoohiDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranNasser VesalDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20181112In order to assess possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions, the analgesic effects of intra-peritoneal tramadol and morphine administered either separately or in combination were determined using tail-flick latency test following exposure to radiant heat in rats. Groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tramadol (3.90, 7.00, 12.50, and 22.20 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and morphine (1.26, 2.25, 4.00 and 7.10 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) or a combination of tramadol and morphine (4 different combinations). The baseline latency was obtained before drug injection for each rat, then at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min after injection. The effective dose (ED)<sub>50</sub> for either tramadol or morphine individually was 11.70 mgkg<sup>-1</sup> and 2.26 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Based on isobolographic analysis, the ED<sub>50</sub> values obtained by drug combination were significantly less than the calculated additive values; which indicates that the co-administration of tramadol and morphine produces synergistic antinociception in the radiant heat tail-flick assay. Combination of morphine and tramadol administered intra-peritoneally can be used for the control of acute pain in rats.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Detection of multi-antibiotic resistant Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in beef, mutton and chicken and water buffalo meat in Ahvaz, Iran37423431010.30466/vrf.2019.34310ENSiavash MaktabiDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iranhttps://orcid.org/00Masoud GhorbanpoorDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranMasomeh HossainiMSc graduated, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAmirabbas MotavalibashiMSc graduated, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20190212<em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> and <em>C. coli</em> are the main causes of gastrointestinal diseases in humans even in industrialized countries affecting public health. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the occurrence and antibiotic resistance of <em>C. jejuni</em> and <em>C. coli</em> in chicken meat, beef, mutton and water buffalo meat slaughtered in Ahvaz city, Iran. A total of 380 samples including chicken meat from industrial abattoirs (n = 150), chicken meat from traditional abattoirs (n = 50), fresh packed chicken meat from local markets (n = 30) and beef, mutton and water buffalo meat from industrial abattoirs (50 samples for each meat) in Ahvaz,were collected and tested for the presence of <em>Campylobacter </em>spp. The procedure was one-step enrichment in Preston enrichment broth followed by plating on supplemented blood agar for 24 hr under microaerophilic conditions at 42 ˚C. Suspected colonies were tested by polymerase chain reaction assay and susceptibility of the confirmed isolates to various antibiotics was investigated by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Overall, 32 samples (8.40%) were contaminated with <em>Campylobacter </em>spp. Mutton was the most contaminated meat (24%), while fresh packed chicken meat were not contaminated. Among the 32 isolates, 40.60%, 34.40%, 21.90%, and 15.60% were resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and streptomycin, respectively. Moreover, a high number of multi-antibiotic resistant <em>Campylobacter</em> spp. was determined. Since foods of animal origin are the most sources of <em>Campylobacter</em> infection, the presence of resistant strains to antibiotics is a potential risk to public health.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Extra intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from human and avian origin: Detection of the most common virulence-encoding genes43493430710.30466/vrf.2019.34307ENSoheila NajafiStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMorad RahimiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranZahra NikousefatDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20190212Pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> strains cause a wide range of extra intestinal infections including urinary tract infection in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. They are classified into uropathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (UPEC) and avian pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (APEC) with genetic similarities and variations. Their pathogenicity is related to the virulence-encoding genes like <em>sfa</em>, <em>papG II</em>, <em>ompT</em>, <em>iutA,</em> and <em>iss</em> with zoonotic potentials. One hundred isolated<em> E. coli</em> from patients with urinary tract infection and 100 <em>E. coli</em> from chickens with colibacillosis were evaluated for the presence of the most common virulence-encoding genes including <em>sfa, papG II, ompT, iutA,</em> and <em>iss</em> by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. While the frequency of <em>sfa, papG II, ompT, iutA </em>and <em>iss</em> encoding genes in APEC isolates were respectively 0.00%, 67.00%, 63.00%, 89.00% and 89.00%, the frequency of these encoding genes in UPEC isolates were 18.00%, 40.00%, 40.00%, 74.00% and 48.00%, respectively. Except for <em>sfa</em>, the frequencies of other encoding genes in APEC were more than those in UPEC isolates. The <em>iutA</em> as the most common UPEC encoding gene and <em>iss</em> as the most common APEC encoding gene were the most prevalent virulence factors in the examined <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Finding out the distribution of virulence-associated genes could be helpful to identify similarities and differences between APEC and UPEC isolates in order to provide more substantial evidence of their common virulence traits and potential zoonotic threats.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Influence of tramadol on anesthesia times, analgesia and electrocardiogram associated with injection anesthesia in common buzzards (Buteo buteo)51573430810.30466/vrf.2019.34308ENAbbas RaeisiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran0000-0001-8769-4284Hasan NoruzianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Lorestan, IranMilad RostamiStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IranJournal Article20190212A balanced anesthesia protocol is called perfect when it has fast induction, excellent recovery, the least effect on the cardiopulmonary system and sufficient analgesia. Many of anesthetic combinations have an analgesic effect without opioids. However, at the end of anesthesia, analgesia decreases or is incomplete<strong>.</strong> The purpose of this study was to evaluate anesthesia times, electrocardiogram (ECG) and analgesic effect of tramadol when administrated with ketamine, ketamine-diazepam, ketamine-midazolam, and ketamine-xylazine and selected a balanced anesthesia protocol in buzzards. Ten adult common buzzards (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) received seven different anesthetic protocols (with or without tramadol). In each protocol, anesthesia times, electrocardiograph parameters and analgesic effect were recorded. Excluding ketamine-tramadol, all protocols produced deep anesthesia in all buzzards. Among of all protocols, no significant differences regarding the amplitude and duration of waves (P, QRS and T) was found. By adding tramadol to anesthetic protocols, response duration to thermal sense increased up 3 hr after recovery. Tramadol did not make considerable effects on anesthesia times and ECG and made analgesic effect up to 3 hr when used with ketamine-benzodiazpins or ketamine-xylazine. Therefore, tramadol can be used with injectable anesthetics to make suitably balanced anesthesia in buzzards.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315The potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) residue silage as a forage source in Mohabadi dairy goats59653431810.30466/vrf.2019.34318ENAmir Gholami-YangijeDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranRasoul PirmohammadiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranHamed Khalilvandi-BehroozyarDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20190212This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutritive value of sunflower residues silage (SRS) and effects of its substitution with alfalfa hay and corn silage on lactation performance, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters of Mohabadi dairy goats. Four experimental diets were formulated to gradually replace alfalfa hay and corn silage with SRS as follows: Control (no inclusion of SRS, group 1) and groups 2 to 4, representing 15, 30 and 45.00% replacement of common forages in the diet with SRS, respectively. Sixteen multiparous dairy goats weighing 60.00 ± 3.00 were divided into two 4 × 4 latin square design. Ensiling was being able to increase crude protein content, reduce neutral detergent fiber and increase acid detergent lignin in sunflower residues. Daily dry matter (DM) intake and DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased with increasing levels of SRS in the diet. The highest and the lowest digestibility coefficients belonged to 30 and 45.00% embedment levels, respectively. Milk yield decreased with increasing levels of SRS and differences were statistically significant compared to the highest substitution level. Milk composition was similar among diets, but daily production of milk decreased in higher substation levels. Statistically significant differences were found in serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentrations between treatments and LDL levels decreased as dietary levels of SRS increased. According to these results, SRS is an acceptable feed for dairy goats and common dietary forages can be replaced up to 30.00% with SRS without negative effects on milk yield and composition.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Polymerase chain reaction assay targeting nox gene for rapid identification of Brachyspira canis in dogs67723430910.30466/vrf.2019.34309ENJamshid RazmyarDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-1247-4591Mahdis GhavidelPhD student of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranHamideh Salari SedighDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20190212Genus <em>Brachyspira</em>,as Gram negative anaerobic bacteria, colonize in dogs intestine. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of <em>Brachyspira</em> spp. for the first time in Iran and rapid identification of <em>Brachyspira</em> spp. in dogs by a new designment of a species-specific primer set for <em>B. canis</em>. One hundred fifty-one fecal samples were obtained from dogs by rectal swab. Twenty dogs suffered from diarrhea and 131 of them were healthy. In 9.27% (14/151) of samples, spirochaetes were detected on primary cultures by weak hemolysis and positive Gram staining and then <em>Brachyspira </em>genus was confirmed by NADH oxidase (<em>nox</em>) gene via polymerase chain reaction. Among 14 isolates, twelve isolates were <em>B. canis</em>, one isolate was <em>B. intermedia</em> and another one was non-typeable. From 12 <em>B. canis</em>, only eight isolates were detected by designed specific primers. Ten <em>Brachyspira</em> spp. were isolated from dogs ≤ 1 year old (10/67, 14.92%) and 4 isolates were from > 1 year old dogs (4/84, 4.76%). The isolation rates from healthy and diarrheic dogs were (12/131, 9.16%) and (2/20, 10.00%), respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between the presence of <em>Brachyspira</em> spp. and the age under one year. Based on our findings, the <em>nox</em> gene in <em>B. canis</em> might have more sequence variability compared to other <em>Brachyspira</em> spp.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Molecular characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from neonatal calves diarrhea73783431310.30466/vrf.2019.34313ENZahra YadegariDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranGholamreza Nikbakht BrujeniDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2970-5827Reyhaneh GhorbanpourDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarhad MoosakhaniDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Branch of Karaj, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranSamad LotfollahzadehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190212Enterotoxigenic<em> Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC) produces different virulence factors allowing the bacterium to colonize and develop watery diarrhea. Proteomics studies have also introduced new protein belonging to the secretion pathways, antigen 43 (Ag43), which plays important role in <em>E. coli</em> pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate O-types and virulence factors of <em>E. coli</em> isolates from neonatal calves diarrhea. Total of 120 isolates from diarrheic calves were genotyped for their O groups and the presence of virulence genes K99, F41 and STa as well as Ag43. The predominant O-type was O101 (51.00%) and the prevalence of K99, F41 and STa was 7 (5.80%). The Ag43 was detected in all samples with three different allelic patterns. Our results indicated that K99 positive isolates certainly have one of each 2200 bp or 1800 bp or both copies of Ag43 passenger domain, while negative K99 isolates lack the Ag43. The results reported here provide informative data regarding the prevalence of <em>E. coli</em> O-types and their virulence factors in enteric colibacillosis. The Ag43 that was more found in K99 positive isolates might be associated with diarrhea-causing <em>E. coli</em> strains in neonatal calves.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315An investigation of the concurrency of anti-Neospora antibody and parasitemia in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the northwest of Iran79843431410.30466/vrf.2019.34314ENHossein RezvanDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, IranAmir KhakiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran0000-0003-3417-0844Mehdi NamavariRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-5923-5694Roya AbedizadehPhD Student, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, IranJournal Article20190212<em>Neospora caninum</em> is an obligate intracellular parasite causing abortion and reproductive failure in ruminants. Here, the seroprevalence of <em>Neospora</em> DNA and anti-<em>Neospora</em> antibodies and the correlation between the DNA and the antibody using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a new developed whole cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in water buffalo (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) were investigated. To determine the level of anti-<em>Neospora</em> antibody, 83 serum samples were collected from buffaloes in the northwest of Iran. Plates were coated with 2 × 10<sup>6</sup> whole <em>Neospora </em>tachyzoites and the anti-<em>Neospora </em>antibody level was determined by calculating the ratio of sample/positive control (S/P) optical densities (ODs) in the ELISA. All samples with the ration of 0.50 or above were accounted as positive. To confirm the presence of <em>Neospora </em>DNA, the serum samples were directly subjected to PCR and nested PCR for detection of <em>Neospora</em> NC5 gene without the DNA isolation process. A total number of 83 buffalo serum samples were examined for the presence of anti-<em>N. caninum </em>immunoglobulin G and <em>Neospora</em> DNA. All samples with the S/P ratio of 0.50 or above (16 samples, 19.27%) were also positive for <em>Neospora</em> DNA. All samples with OD less than 0.50 (34 samples, 40.96%) were negative for <em>Neospora</em> DNA. However, 33 samples with the S/P ratio of bellow 0.50 (39.75%) showed a significant level of antibody. A 100% correlation was observed between high levels of the anti-<em>Neospora</em> antibody and <em>Neospora</em> DNA in the serum of water buffalo, and the whole <em>N. caninum </em>tachyzoites have the potency to be used as antigens for detection of the parasite in ELISA.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315A report on Coenuruses cerebralis infection in a wild goat (Capra aegagrus)85883431710.30466/vrf.2019.34317ENMohammad Reza Mokhber DezfouliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJavad AbbasiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3143-3178Mohammad NouriDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranHannaneh GolshahiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, IranMasoomeh Heidari SureshjaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190212<em>Coenurus cerebralis </em>is the larval stage of <em>Taenia multiceps</em> inhabiting the small intestine of dogs and wild carnivores as the definitive hosts. A two-year-old wild female goat (<em>Capra aegagrus</em>) was referred with signs of lateral recumbency and seizure for four days and loss of appetite. In clinical examination, paddling, convulsion, and unconsciousness were observed indicating central nervous system disorder. Biochemical analyses showed increased levels of hematocrit, creatinine phosphorous, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and calcium. No bacteria has been grown on culture medium taken from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The amount of total protein of the CSF was 1.10 g dL<sup>-1</sup> (normal range = 20 - 40 mg dL<sup>-1</sup>). Hematological changes represented a left shift degenerative leukocytosis. At necropsy, two cysts sized over the 3 × 3 cm were detected, one on occipital lobe of the right hemisphere and the other on superior colliculi. The cysts contained a translucent fluid with a number of clusters of scolice growing from the inner layer of the cysts.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coenurosis occurrence in <em>Capra aegagrus</em>.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814010120190315Achlya infection in an Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) with typical symptoms of saprolegniosis89923431510.30466/vrf.2019.34315ENRahim PeyghanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranRoya RahnamaGraduated student of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranZahra Tulaby DezfulyPh.D Student of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranMaryam ShokoohmandPh.D student of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20190212Saprolegniosis is one of the most frequent diseases in the ornamental fish industry that may cause by <em>Achlya </em>spp. There is no report of fungal infection caused by <em>Achlya </em>spp<em>.</em> in Oscar (<em>Astronotus ocellatus</em>) in Iran. An Oscar fish was referred to the Veterinary Hospital, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran with saprolegniosis symptoms including loss of appetite and yellow to gray cottony mass on the skinof flank and caudal peduncle. The infected area of the fish body was investigated by wet smear. After observing broad aseptate hyphae (approximate width 10-15 μm), the infected skin was inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 30 ˚C for seven days. The large fungi colony was appeared on the agar and the isolated fungi were detected as <em>Achlya </em>spp<em>.</em> after examination by wet and stained dry smears according to the morphology of hypha, spores, and zoosporangium. It is the first report of cutaneous saprolegniosis in Oscar caused by <em>Achlya </em>spp. in Iran.