Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Remigius Ibe Onoja
- Shodeinde Vincent Olumuyiwa Shoyinka
- Jacinta Ngozi Omeke
- Nnenna Tochi Emejuo
- Stella Nkemdilim Ugwoke
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease in dogs and man leading to prostate enlargement which impinges on the urethra causing urinary outflow obstruction. Due to the side effects of surgery and chemotherapy used for the treatment of this disease, attention is now focused on phytotherapeutics for its management. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hydro-methanol extract of Chromolaena odorata (HMECO) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model. A total of forty-two 10-12 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley outbred albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 200 - 250 g were randomly divided into six equal groups of seven rats each based on body weight as follows: A) Control group given phosphate-buffered saline orally and corn oil subcutaneously (SC) once daily, B) TP at a dose of 3.00 mg kg-1 SC once daily, C) TP at a dose of 3.00 mg kg-1 SC and finasteride at a dose of 10.00 mg kg-1 orally once daily, D) TP at a dose of 3.00 mg kg-1 SC plus 200 mg kg-1 HMECO orally once daily, E) TP at a dose of 3.00 mg kg-1 SC plus 400 mg kg-1 HMECO orally once daily and F) TP at a dose of 3.00 mg kg-1 SC plus 800 mg kg-1 HMECO orally once daily for 28 days. Results showed that HMECO significantly reduced prostate weight, prostatic index; serum levels of testosterone and prostatic epithelial thickness and increased luminal diameter in BPH induced rats. Thus, the results of this study suggest that C. odorata is a potential pharmacological candidate for the management of BPH.
Keywords
- Roehrborn CG. Pathology of benign prostatic hyper-plasia. Int J Impot Res 2008; 20(Suppl 3): S11-S18.
- McConnell JD, Roehrborn C, Bautista OM, et al. The long-term effects of doxazosin, finasteride and the combination on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med2003; 349(25): 2387-2398.
- Gacci M, Ficarra V, Sebastianelli A, et al. Impact of medical treatments for male lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia on ejaculatory function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2014; 11(6): 1554-1566.
- Rassweiler J, Teber D, Kuntz R, et al. Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)--incidence, management, and prevention. Eur Urol2006; 50(5): 969-979.
- Gormley GJ, Stoner E, Bruskewitz RC, et al. The effect of finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med1992; 327(17): 1185-1191.
- Bullock TL, Andriole GL Jr. Emerging drug therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert OpinEmerg Drugs2006; 11(1): 111-123.
- Traish AM, Hassani J, Guay AT, et al. Adverse side effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors therapy: persistent diminished libido and erectile dysfunction and depression in a subset of patients. J Sex Med2011; 8(3): 872-884.
- Kortt MA, Bootman JL. The economics of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment: a literature review. Clin Ther 1996; 18(6): 1227-1241.
- Preuss HG, Adderly B. The prostate cure. 1st New York, USA: Crown Publishers Inc.1998; 1-251.
- Park HS, Seo CS, Wijerathne CU, et al. Effect of Veratrum maackii on testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Biol Pharm Bull2019; 42(1): 1-9.
- Rouw A. The invasion of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King Robinson (ex Eupatorium odoratum), and competition with the native flora in a rain forest zone, south-west Cote d'Ivoire. J Biogeogr 1991; 18: 13-23.
- Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT. Evaluation of antiandrogenic potential of aqueous extract of Chromolaena odoratum (L.) K. R. leaves in male rats. Andrologia 2007; 39(6): 235-243.
- Ko JW, Park SW, Shin NR, et al. Inhibitory effects of Pycnogenol®, a pine bark extract, in a rat model of testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34(3): 111-117.
- Daud D, Fekery NFM, Hashim N. Reproductive health of rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia following Cosmos caudatus ethanolic extract consumption. J App Pharm Sci 2017; 7(6): 202-205.
- OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals, test No. 423: Acute oral toxicity-acute toxic class method, 2001: pp1-14. Available at: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/iccvam/suppdocs/feddocs/oecd/oecd_gl423.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2020.
- Ekins RP. Ligand assays: from electrophoresis to miniaturized microarrays. Clin Chem 1998; 44(9): 2015-2030.
- Suvarna KS, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques. 8th London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences 2018; 40-183.
- Gholami S, Ansari-Lari M, Khalili L. Histologic and histomorphometric changes of testis following oral exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether in adult rat. Iran J Vet Res 2015; 16(3): 288-292.
- Pais P. Potency of a novel saw palmetto extract, SPET-085, for inhibition of 5alpha-reductase II. Adv Ther2010; 27(8): 555-563.
- Bisson JF, Hidalgo S, Rozan P, et al. Therapeutic effect of ACTICOA powder, a cocoa polyphenolic extract on experimentally induced prostate hyperplasia in Wistar-Unilever rats. J Med Food 2007; 10(4): 628-635.
- Jang H, Ha US, Kim SJ, et al. Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(24): 12686-12691.
- Veeresh Babu SV, Veeresh B, Patil AA, et al. Lauric acid and myristic acids prevents testosterone induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Eur J Pharmcol 2010; 626(2-3): 262-265.
- Gasco M, Villegas L, Yucra S, et al. Dose-response effect of Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone enanthate. Phytomedicine 2007; 14(7-8): 460-464.
- Kramer G, Mitteregger D, Marberger M. Is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) an immune inflammatory disease? Eur Urol 2007; 51(5): 1202-1216.
- Theyer G, Kramer G, Assmann I, et al. Phenotypic characterization of infiltrating leukocytes in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lab Invest 1992; 66(1): 96-107.
- Umukoro S, Ashorobi RB. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing effects of Eupatorium odoratum. Int J Pharmacol 2006; 2(5): 509-512.
- Mathur SK, Gupta S, Marwah N, et al. Significance of mucin stain in differentiating benign and malignant lesions of prostate. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2003; 46(4): 593-595.
- Agrawal DN, Zawar MP, Deshpande NM, et al. The study of mucinhistochemistry in benign and malignant lesions of prostate. J Sci Soc 2014; 41(1): 38-40.
)