Veterinary Research Forum

Abstract Testicular torsion-detorsion (TD) or ischemia/reperfusion causes reactive oxygen species over-production and has extensive destructive effects on testicular tissue. Following TD, this study evaluated the therapeutic effects of conditioned medium (CM) of fibroblast, macrophage, and co-culture on testicular histomorphometric and ultrastructure. Adult rats were divided into 7 groups. Healthy control, Control sham, TD, and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) groups. Experimental groups: fibroblast, macrophage, and co-culture. 10µl supernatant was obtained from the separate cultures of fibroblasts, and macrophages and co-culture were injected. All injections were made through rete testis. 35 days after the operation, the testis was sampled for histomorphometric and ultrastructural studies. However, the ultrastructural study of testicular tissue also showed that extensive changes occurred in Sertoli cells' nucleus, nucleolus, and mitochondria. This study showed that in fibroblast and slightly less in macrophage groups, there were good improvements in all histomorphometric and ultrastructure parameters similar to the healthy control group. It was also shown that the DMEM group had slightly better recovery conditions than the TD group, but the co-culture group showed similar conditions to the TD. Overall, it can be concluded that the CM of fibroblast was very effective. In the groups receiving fibroblastic and macrophage CM, all parameters exhibited favorable improvement but in the fibroblast group, most of the parameters were similar to those in the healthy controls group. It was also shown that the CM of fibroblast-macrophage co-culture could not be improved on TD condition but made it worsened.

Abstract Buildup of reactive oxygen species during testicular torsion causes oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in testis. The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) on I/R injury in testicular torsion/detorsion in mature rats. Thirty mature male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six animals each, including sham group: In this group, midline incision of the scrotum was performed and the testicles were taken out for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, I/R group: In this group, midline incision of the scrotum was performed and the testicles were taken out and undergone ischemia for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, I/R/Oil group: In this group, a midline scrotum cut was performed, the testicles were taken out, ischemia was created for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, and at the end of ischemia 100 µL of corn oil (BCX solvent) was injected intraperitoneally, I/R/BCX10 group: The same as I/R/Oil group, as well as intraperitoneal administration of 100 µL of BCX (10.00 µg kg^-1) at the end of ischemia, and I/R/BCX40: The same as I/R/Oil group, as well as intraperitoneal administration of 100 µL of BCX (40.00 µg kg^-1) at the end of ischemia. Evaluations were based on histopathological and spermatological parameters and oxidative stress assessments. Histopathological spermatological and oxidative stress parameters values obtained from I/R/BCX40 were significantly different from those of other groups (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that BCX could ameliorate testicular injuries in acute testicular torsion/detorsion in mature rats.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and cardiovascular effects of the combination of xylazine-acepromazine versus xylazine-pregabalin - in horses. Four healthy crossbred horses were included in the study and assigned to two treatments. In treatment I (T1), the animals received xylazine hydrochloride (1.00 mg kg^-1) in combination with acepromazine maleate (0.05 mg kg^-1) intravenously. In treatment II (T2), the animals received intragastric administration of pregabalin (4.00 mg kg^-1) followed by xylazine hydrochloride (1.00 mg kg^-1) intravenously after 60 min. Head height above ground (HHAG) and echocardiographic indices were evaluated. In T1, recordings were made 5 minubefore and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minu after drug administration. In T2, recordings were made 5 min before pregabalin, 55 minu after pregabalin administration, and then 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after xylazine hydrochloride acepromazine injection. Analyses of the data showed there were no significant differences regarding HHAG and echocardiographic indices between the two treatments. Intragastric administration of pregabalin prior to xylazine could be considered as an alternative premedication regimen when acepromazine administration is contraindicated or undesirable.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and cardiovascular effects of the combination of acepromazine-clonidine versus acepromazine-xylazine in horses. Four healthy cross-bred horses were included in the study. They were assigned to two treatments. In treatment I (T1), the animals received xylazine hydrochloride (1.00 mg kg^-1) in combination with acepromazine maleate (0.05 mg kg^-1) intravenously (IV). In treatment II (T2), the animals received intra-gastric administration of clonidine (0.002 mg kg^-1) followed by acepromazine (0.05 mg kg^-1; IV) after 60 min. Head height above the ground (HHAG) and echocardiographic indices were evaluated. In T1, recordings were made 5 min before and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after drug administration. In T2, recordings were made 5 min before clonidine, 55 min after clonidine administration, and then 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after acepromazine injection. Analyses of the data showed there were not significant differences regarding HHAG and echo-cardiographic indices between two treatments. For sedation of healthy horses, it was concluded that intra-gastric administration of clonidine and IV administration of acepromazine showed similar sedative and cardiovascular effects compared to IV acepromazine-xylazine administration.