Berjan Demirtas; Karolin Yanar; Lora Koenhemsi; Nurcan Erozkan Dusak; Ozlem Guzel; Alev Akdogan Kaymaz
Volume 14, Issue 6 , June 2023, , Pages 301-308
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy pet cats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Forty healthy cats were included in this study. Cats were divided in two groups: Exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS; n = 20) and non-exposed to tobacco ...
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This study was aimed to assess oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy pet cats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Forty healthy cats were included in this study. Cats were divided in two groups: Exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS; n = 20) and non-exposed to tobacco smoke (NETS; n = 20). Blood levels of cotinine, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), protein carbonyl (PCO), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant status (TAS), copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), total thiol (T-SH), interferon gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) levels were measured. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also measured. Serum cotinine, TOS, OSI, PCO, AOPP and LOOH levels were higher, whereas TAS and Cu, Zn-SOD levels were lower in ETS group. In ETS group INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were higher. The Cu level was higher in ETS group. Blood reticulocyte number, serum creatinine and glucose were higher in ETS group. It could be concluded that exposure to tobacco smoke in cats impaired the oxidant/antioxidant balance and potentially triggered the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Yaser Jafari Khataylou; Somayyeh Ahmadi Afshar; Navideh Mirzakhani
Volume 12, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 203-210
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases with increasing prevalence in the past decades in which pancreatic Langerhans β cells are destroyed and lead to lack of insulin due to increased blood sugar. One of the consequences of diabetes is glomerular disease of the kidney, ...
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Autoimmune diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases with increasing prevalence in the past decades in which pancreatic Langerhans β cells are destroyed and lead to lack of insulin due to increased blood sugar. One of the consequences of diabetes is glomerular disease of the kidney, also called diabetes nephropathy. Different studies have been carried out on the effects of triterpenoids and their medicinal effects on diabetes mellitus. betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid of Terpenes, is found in bushes and trees. Its medical effects are also approved by many studies. In this survey, we studied the effect of betulinic acid on diabetic inbred C57BL/6 male mice. They were randomly divided to three groups. Group A: Consisted of healthy mice which received citrate buffer. Group B: Diabetic mice without any treatment and group C: Treated diabetic mice with betulinic acid. The level of blood insulin level, fasting blood glucose, C-peptide, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1 cytokines were measured and pathologic studies of the kidney were performed. The results showed that betulinic acid could increase insulin and C-peptide, and decrease fasting blood sugar, kidney lesions and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1 in the treated groups. The differences were significant except for IL-1. Betulinic acid through reduction of inflammatory cytokines could have positive effects on inflammatory and autoimmune disease including autoimmune diabetes.