Anatomy
Jovana Čukuranović Kokoris; Zoran Ružić; Zdenko Kanački; Slobodan Stojanović; Smiljana Paraš; Verica Milošević
Volume 15, Issue 3 , March 2024, , Pages 125-130
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of heat stress (HS) on the pituitary-adrenal axis and whether the treatments with early-age thermal conditioning (ETC) and vitamin C, alone and in combination, could have a beneficial effect in alleviating these effects. For the experiment, 400 one day-old ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of heat stress (HS) on the pituitary-adrenal axis and whether the treatments with early-age thermal conditioning (ETC) and vitamin C, alone and in combination, could have a beneficial effect in alleviating these effects. For the experiment, 400 one day-old broilers (both sexes) were used, being divided into four groups. The first group was the control (K), the second group (C) consisted of broilers which received vitamin C from the 22nd to the 42nd day via water in the amount of 2.00 g L-1, in the third group (T), broilers were exposed to ETC for a period of 24 hr at a temperature of 38.00 ± 1.00 ˚C and the fourth group (T + C) was the combination of T and C groups. Immunohistochemically positive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells of broilers in all groups were irregular or stellate and distributed in the periphery and central parts of the pituitary gland, as solitary cells or in clusters. In the T + C group of broilers, a significant increase in the area of ACTH cells (18.91%) and their cores (22.75%), and cortisol level in serum compared to the control group was observed. This reaction of broilers in the T + C group facilitated their adaptation to unfavorable consequences of HS. These results suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is stimulated after the exposure to chronic HS, enabling successful adaptation of broilers to adverse conditions.
Anatomy
Anna Valerievna Prusakova; Nikolay Vyacheslavovich Zelenevskiy; Aleksey Viktorovich Prusakov; Anatoly Viktorovich Yashin; Vladimir Sergeevich Ponamarev
Volume 15, Issue 3 , March 2024, , Pages 165-169
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish the ultrastructural organization features of the gallbladder mucous membrane of an Anglo-Nubian goat. The material for the study was the gallbladder wall’s fragments of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat. Further processing of the obtained samples was carried out according ...
Read More
The aim of the study was to establish the ultrastructural organization features of the gallbladder mucous membrane of an Anglo-Nubian goat. The material for the study was the gallbladder wall’s fragments of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat. Further processing of the obtained samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Ultrathin sections were photographed in a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. It was found that the gallbladder mucous membrane of an Anglo-Nubian goat is formed by the epithelial layer and its own lamina. The epithelial layer is represented by a single-layer prismatic epithelium, which cells lie on a dense basement membrane. Their nuclei are light, with clear contours. The cytoplasm contains many small mitochondria, vesicles, a small Golgi complex, short cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, polyribosomes, and rare lysosomes. The apical surface of epithelial cells forms microvilli, and the cytoplasm of the apical pole of cells contains many electron-dense secretory granules. The secret of the latter is excreted into the lumen of the gallbladder, forming a thin layer of glycocalyx on the surface of the epithelium. The lateral surfaces of the cells in their apical part are interconnected by tight contacts. The lamina propria is formed by loose connective tissue containing many blood vessels and nerve fibers.
Anatomy
Mohammad Mahdi Vashghani Farahani; Reza Farahani; Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar; Mahdi Ghatrehsamani; Seyed Kamran Ghoreishi; Behnam Hajihossainlou; Sufan Chien; Atarodsadat Mostafavinia; Fatemehalsadat Rezaei; Mohammad Bayat
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 93-100
Abstract
Osteoporosis is determined by decreased bone strength that increases the threat of fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alendronate (ALN), on the stereological parameters, and gene expression in callus of fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced ...
Read More
Osteoporosis is determined by decreased bone strength that increases the threat of fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alendronate (ALN), on the stereological parameters, and gene expression in callus of fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (OVX). The OVX was induced in 90 female rats. Fourteen weeks later, a complete fracture on the right femur was made. Rats were divided into five groups: 1) control: no treatment; 2) sham: received daily distilled water; 3) daily 3.00 mg kg-1 ALN subcutaneously (SC); 4) daily 200 mg kg-1 PTX (SC) and 5) daily PTX (SC) + ALN (same doses). The osteoclast count was significantly lower in all treatment groups, at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the control and sham groups. The PTX significantly increased total callus volume at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the other groups. The PTX+ALN treatment significantly increased both cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers on day 56, compared to the control and sham groups. It can be concluded that PTX and ALN have antiresorptive effects, in OVX rats. Also, PTX has increased the extracellular matrix on both 21 and 56 days after surgery, compared to the other groups. PTX+ALN elevated cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers compared to the control and sham groups on day 56.
Embryology
Aris Pourlis; John Antonopoulos
Volume 10, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
The ossification centers onset of the quail vertebrae, ribs, and sternum in embryos and hatchling birds was studied. Specimens were cleared, stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S and examined using stereomicroscope. The chondral rudiments of the vertebrae were observed at the 6th day of incubation ...
Read More
The ossification centers onset of the quail vertebrae, ribs, and sternum in embryos and hatchling birds was studied. Specimens were cleared, stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S and examined using stereomicroscope. The chondral rudiments of the vertebrae were observed at the 6th day of incubation (E6). The osteogenesis of the vertebrae was accomplished with both perichondral and endochondral ossifications. The cervical vertebrae began to ossify at E9-E10, whereas the thoracic ones began at E10-E11. The synsacral vertebrae began to ossify at E11-E13. In the caudal vertebrae, ossification was observed at E14 and in the pygostylous ones, at E15. The true ribs began to ossify at E7, whereas the 1st and the 2nd ribs began to ossify at E9 and E8, respectively. The uncinate processes were ossified late at E15. At E13, ossification was observed in the caudo-lateral process of the sternum. At E14, the cranio-lateral process of the sternum began to ossify, whereas late at and after hatching ossification was observed in the carina and the sternal body, respectively. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the vertebral column and thoracic cage in quail.
Embryology
Farnam Azad; Vahid Nejati; Ali Shalizar-Jalali; Gholamreza Najafi; Fatemeh Rahmani
Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 231-238
Abstract
This study evaluated the possible protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on sperm parameters and sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and in vitro fertilizing potential in nicotine (NIC) exposed male mice. Thrtiy-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 received ...
Read More
This study evaluated the possible protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on sperm parameters and sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and in vitro fertilizing potential in nicotine (NIC) exposed male mice. Thrtiy-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received 100 mg kg-1 per day RJ, groups 3 and 4 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg kg-1 per day, respectively and groups 5 and 6 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg kg-1 per day, respectively plus RJ. Caudal epididymal sperm characteristics, lipid peroxidation and in vitro fertilizing capacity and embryo development were evaluated after 35 days. The NIC treatment caused a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability and fertilization rate along with poor blastocyst formation and increased sperm DNA damage and MDA levels. Moreover, the incidences of chromatin abnormality in spermatozoa were significantly higher in NIC-exposed mice than those of control. Nevertheless, RJ treatment improved sperm parameters and in vitro fertilization outcome as well as sperm lipid peroxidation level. Data from the current study suggest that RJ has a potential repro-protective action against NIC-induced sperm abnormalities and embryotoxicity in mice.
Theriogenology
Somayeh Tavana; Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi; Hussein Eimani; Naeimeh Sadat Abtahi; Rouhollah Fathi
Volume 8, Issue 4 , December 2017, , Pages 275-280
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the different ovarian transplantation sites after short-time autografting. Female rats were randomized into five groups, with six rats in each group, including control (intact), cervical subcutaneous transplanted (CST), back subcutaneous transplanted (BST), subfascial ...
Read More
This study was carried out to assess the different ovarian transplantation sites after short-time autografting. Female rats were randomized into five groups, with six rats in each group, including control (intact), cervical subcutaneous transplanted (CST), back subcutaneous transplanted (BST), subfascial transplanted (SFT) and intramuscular transplanted (IMT) groups. In all experimental groups, the right ovary was removed and transplanted into different sites. After three weeks, ovaries were removed for morphology assessment, follicular counting and the rates of corpus luteum (CL) and cyst formation. Transplanted ovaries in BST and SFT groups were full of cysts and did not have sufficient numbers of intact follicles and were excluded from experiments. In IMT and CST groups, re-anastomosis, follicular development and good homogeneity of the stromal tissue were seen. However, the difference in intact antral follicles between CST (7.92 ± 0.02%) and CST-Op (opposite ovary of CST group) (30.99 ± 0.03%) was significant as well as the difference between CST (7.92 ± 0.02%) and control (10.08 ± 0.01%) groups. In addition, the number of intact primordial follicles in the CST-Op (16.58 ± 0.02%) group was significantly less than that of the control (40.40 ± 0.03%) group. Interestingly, the number of CL was significantly increased in the CST-Op (11.71 ± 0.01%) and IMT-Op (9.16 ± 0.02%) groups compared to the control and experimental groups. Although both intramuscular and subcutaneous sites effectively preserved ovarian follicles after three weeks, cervical subcutaneous site was better suited for auto-transplantation in rat.
Anatomy
Naeimeh Simaei; Farhad Soltanalinejad; Gholamreza Najafi; Ali Shalizar Jalali
Volume 8, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 237-241
Abstract
The middle ear ossicles are important due to transmission of sound to the inner ear leading to sound understanding. The aim of present study was to determine the anatomical and morphometrical aspects of middle ear ossicles in Makouei sheep fetuses. For this experimental study, eight sheep fetuses at ...
Read More
The middle ear ossicles are important due to transmission of sound to the inner ear leading to sound understanding. The aim of present study was to determine the anatomical and morphometrical aspects of middle ear ossicles in Makouei sheep fetuses. For this experimental study, eight sheep fetuses at the age of 2 to 3 months were provided from public slaughterhouse; their middle ear ossicles were removed from tympanic cavity subsequently and assessed anatomically using stereomicroscope. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were used. The results showed that rostral process of malleus doesn’t exist, but an osseous lamina extending to the tympanic bulla and tympanic ring is located in this place. Moreover, lenticular bone and muscular process of stapes weren’t found. These findings were similar to the other animal’s ossicles anatomical features, but there were also some differences that can be useful for study of these ossicles developmental evolution.
Poultry
Belal Hassanzadeh; Arefeh Rahemi
Volume 8, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 85-87
Abstract
Developing supernumerary limbs is a rare congenital condition that only a few cases have been documented. Depending on the cause and developmental conditions, they may be single, multiple or complicated, and occur as a syndrome or associated with other anomalies. Polymelia is defined as the presence ...
Read More
Developing supernumerary limbs is a rare congenital condition that only a few cases have been documented. Depending on the cause and developmental conditions, they may be single, multiple or complicated, and occur as a syndrome or associated with other anomalies. Polymelia is defined as the presence of extra limb(s) which have been reported in human, mouse, chicken, calf and lamb. It seems that the precise mechanism regulating this type of congenital malformations is not yet clearly understood. While hereditary trait of some limb anomalies was proven in human and the responsible genetic impairments were found, this has not been confirmed in the other animals especially the birds. Regarding the different susceptibilities of various vertebrate species to the environmental and genetic factors in embryonic period, the probable cause of an embryonic defect in one species cannot be generalized to the all other species class. The present study reports a case of polymelia in an Iranian indigenous young fowl and discusses its possible causes.
