Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 16 2 2025 02 01 Thymoquinone attenuates paw incision-induced spontaneous and evoked pain through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in rats 89 96 719038 10.30466/vrf.2024.2025053.4204 EN Seyed Siavash Ghoreishi DVSc Candidate, Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0003-3228-8574 Saeed Azizi Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-7472-0770 Esmaeal Tamaddonfard Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-8240-5885 Safiyeh Aghazadeh Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0002-8809-2805 Journal Article 2024 03 16 Surgery commonly causes post-operative pain that should be alleviated to prevent complications. In addition to the use of synthetic drugs, there has been a widespread desire to use medicinal plants for surgical pain management. Thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of <em>Nigella sativa</em> black seeds, exhibits a potent anti-oxidant property. Celecoxib (CLX), a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used in pain management. In the present study, the effects of TQ and CLX on pain caused by hind paw surgical incision were compared. Fifty-six rats were divided into four groups of 14 rats as intact, vehicle, TQ, and CLX groups. In each group, six rats were planned to record pain-related behaviors on days 1 - 10 and eight rats were designed for determination of serum biochemical alterations on days 1 (four rats) and 3 (four rats) after surgery. Oral administrations of TQ and CLX at a same dose of 10.00 mg kg^-1 alleviated paw lifting number (spontaneous pain) and paw withdrawal threshold evoked by von Frey filaments on metal mesh floor, improved the decreased contents of serum total anti-oxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, and restored the increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The results suggested that TQ by employing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, might relieve the pain induced by hind paw plantar incision, being comparable with CLX. https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_719038_a6eff8f47aefc9a2e5441af18afe5ec1.pdf