Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Re: Protective effects of Chromolaena odorata extract on experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats17717870318810.30466/vrf.2023.1990177.3791ENPaula AlexandraOliveiraCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalInstitute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal0000-0001-9519-4044Ana Faustino-RochaCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalInstitute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, PortugalComprehensive Health Research Center, Évora, Portugal0000-0001-5572-6317Elisabete Nascimento-GonçalvesCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalInstitute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.Journal Article20230221To the editor: We read the article entitled “Protective effects of <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> extract on experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats” with great interest. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of hydro-methanol extract of <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> (HMECO) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) rat model. We want to congratulate the authors for this original article and make some positive comments. The BPH is a common condition in both aged men and dogs. Although not considered a precursor of prostate cancer (PCa), BPH commonly affects the prostate gland, and shares some features with PCa, like symptoms, hormone-dependent growth and response to anti-androgen therapy.<sup>1</sup> Increasing our understanding in BPH can bring us more knowledge about PCa, for men and dogs. This is an article whose methodology is easy to replicate and whose authors know the specificities of this model of prostate hyperplasia. In our opinion, the remaining prostate lobes could have been evaluated, although in this specific model of BPH the hyperplasia of rat ventral prostate lobes is considered analogous to the morpho-logical alterations of human BPH. This article reinforces the importance of animal models in the preclinical evaluation of new therapies obtained from natural extracts. In a similar way, our research group evaluated effects of <em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill. flower (CF) in a N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) plus testosterone rat model.<sup>2</sup> Animals from induced groups received a multistep protocol for PCa induction, consisted of sequential administration of flutamide, testosterone propionate, the carcinogenic agent MNU and crystalline testosterone. Animals from treatment groups were exposed to CF extract in drinking water, at a dose of 3.00 mg per animal daily, for 49 weeks, starting at the time of the carcinogenesis induction. Animals were sacrificed at 61 weeks of age, approximately 10 months<strong> </strong>after MNU administration. Our results suggested that CF extract was well tolerated by the animals and did not cause severe hepatic or renal toxicity. Furthermore, the animals exposed to the CF extract showed fewer inflammation areas on the dorsolateral prostate lobe than those not exposed to the CF extract, suggesting that this extract may be used as chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer and seems to have an antioxidant role. In conclusion, the studies with animal models of BPH and PCa add value to the study of prostate diseases and to test the efficacy of natural compounds, and their extracts.
https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_703188_547c1a09c42bbc54b10ee9067b88eeb6.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of plant essential oils and extracts in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application17919470248810.30466/vrf.2022.1986122.3730ENHoushmand SharafiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranMehran MoradiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-6004-6874Kiomars SharafiResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20221228The purpose of this review was to assess the use of plant essential oils and extracts (PEOE) in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application through a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies published in multiple databases were explored via PRISMA protocol on November 1, 2022. According to the results, the interquartile range of pathogen reduction potential of essential oil (EO) in dairy products, irrespective of EO, film and product type, was 0.10 - 4.70 log CFU g<sup>-1</sup> per % concentration. The findings from 38 articles indicate that among all EOs or their compounds, <em>Zataria multiflora </em>Boiss in protein film, thyme in protein film, <em>Z.</em> <em>multiflora</em> Boiss EO in protein film, <em>Trans</em>-cinnamaldehyde in carbohydrate film and lemongrass<em> </em>EO in protein film had extraordinary pathogen reduction potential on important foodborne pathogens. In the case of plant extract, fish gelatin film with <em>Lepidium sativum</em> extract, whey protein isolate film loaded with oregano EO and carboxymethyl cellulose film with clove EOs had the highest antimicrobial effect on mesophilic bacteria (9.50 log CFU g<sup>-1</sup> per % concentration), yeast-mold (2.63 log CFU g<sup>-1</sup> per % concentration) and mesophilic/ psychrophilic counts (> 9.06 log CFU g<sup>-1</sup> per % concentration), respectively. <em>Listeria</em><em> </em><em>monocytogenes</em> is the primary species of interest; whereas, mesophiles and mold-yeast populations were the most investigated microbiota/mycobiota in cheese with PEOE-incorporated film. In light of these findings, the choice of PEOE at appropriate concentrations with the selection of appropriate edible film may improve the safety, sensory, and shelf life of dairy products.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702488_e86e448c5f2f072121bdd1c3fbe773bf.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Effects of ozone therapy on acidic corneal burns in rats19519970247810.30466/vrf.2022.551199.3432ENSeren AydoğanVeterinary Surgeon, FourVet Veterinary Clinic, Kayseri, TürkiyeHanifi ErolDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, TürkiyeMünevver BaranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, TürkiyeJournal Article20220331In the present study the effect of ozone therapy on hydrofluoric acid (HFA) related eye burn was investigated in rats. A<strong> </strong>Total 20 healthy male Wistar albino rats (weighing 250 - 300 g with the age of 16 weeks) were used. They were divided into groups (experimental and control groups) of 10 rats being housed individually and fed <em>ad libitum</em>. The HFA (2.00%) burn was created in all animals. The ozonized (20.00 µg O<sub>3 </sub>mL<sup>-1</sup>) bi-distilled water was applied as a drop (10.00 µL each drop) every 8 hr for 7 days in the experimental group. At the same time, 0.90% NaCl was applied as drop (10.00 µL each drop) every 8 hr for 7 days in the control group.<strong> </strong>In the experimental group, intensive inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial damage and stromal edema were detected in one animal. Epithelial vascularization and stromal edema were seen in four animals. In control group, only two animals’ corneal structures were normal. Inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial damage, fibrosis, epithelial vascularization and stromal edema were detected in the rest.<strong> </strong>As a result of this study, it was observed that local usage of ozone therapy had a positive effect on the healing of corneal burns caused by HFA. It was concluded that more ozone-related studies should be done to enlighten the subject. https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702478_e3ad6c35c608b10e8585a2ec267b4837.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Effect of crocin on experimental gastrocnemius muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat20120670246910.30466/vrf.2022.548566.3383ENBetul Apaydin YildirimDepartment of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary, Erzurum, TürkiyeSelcuk AlbayrakDepartment of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary, Erzurum, TürkiyeJournal Article20220210Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the lower extremities causes damage to various tissues, notably the limbs. Because research in recent years have demonstrated that saffron and its components are useful in ischemic strokes, the goal of this study was to see whether Crocin (Cr), one of the active constituents in saffron, could protect the gastrocnemius muscle from IR injury. A total number of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups randomly: control, Cr, IR, and IR + Cr. Xylazine and ketamine were used to anesthetize all of the rats. The left lower limbs of the other two groups were subjected to 2 hr of ischemia and 2 hr of reperfusion with tourniquet, with the exception of the control and Cr groups. Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were assessed in the blood as well as muscle IL-6, IL1β, SOD1-2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression. According to the IR group, increases in TAS levels and decreases in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels were substantial in the Cr therapy group. Cr significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression levels in the muscle of the IR group and increased superoxide dismutases 1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT), and GPx. Our data showed that Cr protected the gastrocnemius muscle from IR injury in rats and reduced inflammatory markers significantly. These effects of Cr might have been mediated by improved antioxidant enzyme activity, suppression of free radical generation and reduction of oxidative stress.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702469_1699b7d30464993de7b3e04459d85a35.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus biotypes exposure on bovine gametes in early embryonic development in vitro20721270248610.30466/vrf.2022.555199.3504ENAidin Rahim TayefehDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8583-2321Massoud Talebkhan GaroussiDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarid HeidariDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IranMehran BakhsheshDepartment of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
(AREEO), Karaj, IranAbulfazl ShiraziReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, IranMaryam VahidiDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, IranJournal Article20220607Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important viral agent causing reproductive failure in cattle. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the interaction between two BVDV biotypes, cytopathic (CP) and Non-cytopathic (NCP) and bovine gametes during <em>in vitro</em> fertilization<em> </em>(IVF) processing, the existence of the virus within embryonic cells and early embryonic development rates. Sperm and ova were exposed separately to CP and NCP BVDV at two concentrations of 10<sup>4.5 </sup>and 10<sup>5.5 </sup>tissue culture infectious dose 50.00% (TCID<sub>50</sub>) mL<sup>-1</sup> prior to IVF, respectively. After five days post-IVF, early embryonic development rates of infected groups were assessed. Several embryos of each group, normal and degenerated, were selected for a viral assay using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The result showed that the early embryonic development rates were decreased in treatment groups. The rates in the CP groups were lower than the NCP groups. In the CP groups, the proportions were, respectively, 10.00, 6.00 and 11.00, and 6.00% in the infected sperm and oocyte groups (10<sup>4.5 </sup>and 10<sup>5.5 </sup>TCID<sub>50</sub> mL<sup>-1</sup>) that were higher than 50.00% in the control group. In NCP groups, the rates were, respectively, 25.00, 18.00 and 24.00, and 21.00% in the infected groups compared to 48.00% in the control group. In the CP groups, no BVDV was detected in normal embryos, whereas, all degenerated embryos were completely virus-positive. In the NCP groups, the virus was detected in both normal and degenerated embryos. In conclusion, this study supported detrimental impacts of CP and NCP BVDV on early embryonic development and the role of sperm and the zona pellucida layer as carriers of the virus. https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702486_7bbdc3290584f0dfa72da17beaa61bfe.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Genotypic evaluation of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and sheep by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis21321970248410.30466/vrf.2022.553282.3465ENMohammad TabatabaeiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-3743-6583Ali JanparvarDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranMohammad MotamedifarDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20220508<em>Pasteurella multocida</em> a Gram-negative bacterium exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry. It is causative agent of a range of diseases in mammals and birds including fowl cholera in poultry, atrophic rhinitis in pigs and bovine hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo. This study aimed to isolate <em>P. multocida </em>from sheep and cattle lungs sampled and assessed by bacteriological procedures and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization. In this study 52 isolated of <em>P. multocida</em> were obtained (2016-2017) from clinically healthy and diseased animals (sheep and cattle) evaluated by PFGE for determining the relationship between them. According to the results of this study 12 sheep isolates had similarities above 94.00% and two cattle isolates showed similarities above 94.00%. When compared between sheep and cattle, most isolates showed a similarity of less than 50.00% indicating the great differences between isolates. It is noteworthy that in the present study, performed by PFGE to determine the type of <em>P. multocida</em> isolates, a very high distinction was made to determine the type of isolates and the relationship between isolates based on fragments in their genome using enzymes.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702484_f6893bc46119332a25bc878ad670b76b.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Introduction of a Newcastle disease virus challenge strain (sub-genotype VII.1.1) isolated in Iran22122870246710.30466/vrf.2022.548152.3373ENAliakbar KhabiriRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranReza ToroghiRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, IranMohammadreza MohammadabadiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-1268-3043Seyed-Elias TabatabaeizadehRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, IranJournal Article20220203Newcastle disease virus (NDV) sub-genotype VII.1.1 is the most common circulating NDV in Iran. In this study, a velogenic NDV isolate was plaque purified and then characterized according to Office International des Epizooties (OIE) standard protocols. The biological properties of the purified isolate named CH/RT40/IR/2011 were characterized using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, measurement of pathogenicity indexes and challenge studies. The isolate was plaque purified on chicken embryo fibroblast cells for three rounds and then characterized using molecular and biological approaches. Phylogenetic and evolutionary distance analysis of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes classified the virus in sub-genotype VII.1.1. No mutation was observed in the glycosylation and neutralizing epitope sites of the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins compared to other reported Iranian NDV VII.1.1 isolates. The presence of the 112RRQKRF117 motif in the fusion protein cleavage site together with mean death time, intracerebral pathogenicity index and intravenous pathogenicity index of 57 hr, 1.80 and 2.50 respectively, revealed that the RT40 isolate was a velogenic NDV. In the challenge study, all chickens were inoculated via eye drop, and intranasal route with RT40 isolate died within a week. While all chickens in the vaccinated and challenged group survived and showed no clinical signs. In conclusion, according to genetic analysis, pathotyping and challenge study, the RT40 isolate was similar to virulent NDVs in Iran and was a suitable candidate for a national standard challenge strain, vaccine trials and vaccine production in commercial levers.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702467_5b231ca51e02b652f8a2a5667829b3b8.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Comparison of anti-Leptospira antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in ruminants and equines of Urmia, Iran22923570246410.30466/vrf.2022.546475.3345ENAligholi RaminDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranGholamreza AbdollahpourDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAadeh HosseinzadehDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranFarid AzzizzadehDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranPouya RaminStudent of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranYousef KhaliliDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDavood SanajooDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranSasan Iran NejhadDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20220109Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, is characterized by fever, jaundice, abortion and hemo-globinuria. It is widespread and the determination of the dominant serotype in the animal species of each region accelerates the control and prevention program. 862 blood samples were prepared from ruminants and equines. Serum antibody of leptospira serovars were determined based on gender and age parameters. Sera were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with six live serotypes. The overall prevalence was 22.30%, with the highest (37.00%) and the lowest (6.60%) in Holsteins and mules, respectively. The overall male and female incidence were 12.20% and 9.86%, respectively, which was not different. The highest gender infection was in male Holsteins (19.20%) and the lowest were in male Simmentals and mules (1.72%). The highest dilution was 1:100 for <em>pomona</em> and the lowest was for <em>canicola</em>. All animals responded positively to <em>grippotyphosa</em>. The highest infection to one serovar was in Holsteins and the lowest for four serovars were in goats and Simmentals. Males less than 1.5 years old showed the highest infection. Age differences in leptospira infection except for sheep was significant. In conclusion, leptospira infection in ruminants was high compared to equines. Gender differences were not significant. The highest dilution was 1:100, with <em>pomona</em> in ruminants and <em>grippotyphosa</em> in all species. Leptospiral infection was increased with age and the differences among animals except for sheep were significant. Finally, regarding 22.30% infection rate, vaccination is necessary to Holsteins, and preventive measures for others. Health advices would be necessary for human safety.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_702464_1673d88d2490ee58265e551088562524.pdfFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityVeterinary Research Forum2008-814014420230401Two cases of new-born puppies with transient pulmonary edema23724170122410.30466/vrf.2022.546719.3349ENTakuma AokiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan0000-0002-9278-293XSeiya NiimiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, JapanJournal Article20220112Acute pulmonary edema in puppies generally occurs due to congenital left-right shunts such as patent ductus arteriosus or large ventricular septal defects. Herein, we presented two cases of puppies with no apparent congenital cardiovascular disease. Case 1: A 12-day-old male Labrador Retriever, weighing 1.15 kg, was unable to suckle sufficiently from its dam and exhibited laboured breathing. Pulmonary edema was identified in all lung lobes by radiography, furthermore, echocardiography revealed significant enlargement of the left side of the heart. Pulmonary edema secondary to volume overload was suspected and furosemide was administered. The respiratory status was improved on the following day. Pimobendan was administered orally in addition to furosemide and both were withdrawn 6 weeks later when the heart size was normalized. Case 2: A 15-day-old female Standard Poodle, weighing 0.68 kg, was less active than other littermates and exhibited laboured breathing. Radiography revealed pulmonary edema in the right posterior lobe, dilatation of the caudal vena cava and ascites. Echocardiography revealed significant enlargement of the left atrium and ventricle perhaps owing to decreased left ventricular contractility. Furosemide and pimobendan were administered. One week later, appetite was improved and supraventricular tachycardia of 375 bpm was observed. Therefore, tachycardia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy was suspected which returned to sinus rhythm with diltiazem treatment, however, it was recurred. Upon sotalol monotherapy, a normal heart size was observed seven months later. In conclusion, we encountered two new-born puppies with transient pulmonary edema that were temporarily treated with pimobendan and furosemide.https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_701224_f1494aa58b72224805acfc03a22258f4.pdf