Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Isolation and molecular characteristics of a recombinant feline calicivirus from Qingdao, China 583 588 706635 10.30466/vrf.2023.1975795.3701 EN Yongxiang Liu Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China 0000-0003-2490-0807 Lide Qin Department for Safety Supervision of Animal Products, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China Xiaoliang Hu Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China Yanmei Jiang Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China Journal Article 2022 12 06 Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen seriously affecting the upper respiratory tract and producing oral diseases in the feline. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. In this study, the FCV qingdao (qd)/2019/china was isolated from a domestic feline oropharyngeal swab collected from Qingdao, China. The virus was purified using the plaque assay and identified using the Polymerase chain reaction and indirect immunofluorescence assay methods, the capsid amino acid, VP1 of qd/2019/china, showed sequence identity with the other isolates ranging between 83.90% (ym3/2001/jp) and 91.10% (CH-JL4). The sequence of the capsid amino acid revealed qd/2019/china to be closely related to CH-JL4 and clustered with CH-JL4 in the phylogenetic tree. The phylo-genetic analysis indicated that the complete genomes (GenBank® accession No. MZ322896) of qd/2019/china and CH-JL4 were also classified into the same cluster. The recombination analysis with Simplot indicated that the qd/2019/china originated from the recombination of CH-JL4 and HRB-SS, and the region 3,821 - 5,301 nt originated from HRB-SS. Further, the region 3,821 - 5,301 nt were found to belong to the protease-polymerase (PP) of HRB-SS. Here, we isolated a new recombinant virus, FCV qd/2019/china. Therefore, these results would be beneficial for better understanding of the evolution and epidemiology of FCV.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706635_047e77c41786ffbf98e1479747da2d47.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 The autumn activity patterns and time budgets of Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in captivity 589 594 706637 10.30466/vrf.2023.1978088.3703 EN Songwei Lin School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing, China Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Liquan Shen School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Haoxiang Gao School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Jiayi Wu School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Qingxin Lv School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Xin Zhou School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China Junsheng Li Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing, China Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China Xiuxiang Meng School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China School of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China Journal Article 2022 12 05 Activity patterns and time budgets play a crucial role in the successful farming and management of animals. In this study, the behavior patterns of 53 forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) were analyzed from October 2nd to 16th, 2021, throughout the day and night. The results showed a distinct dawn–dusk activity rhythm in the captive forest musk deer with a peak activity observed at dawn (07:00 - 10:00) and dusk (16:00 - 19:00). Additionally, there were smaller activity peaks lasting less than an hour during the nighttime (00:00 - 04:00). Comparing behavior ratios between peak and off-peak periods, it was evident that all behaviors, except rumination (RU), showed significant differences. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the behavior ratios of the forest musk deer between the daytime and night-time. During the daytime, the percentages of time spent performing locomotion (32.87 ± 3.38%), feeding (14.43 ± 1.81%), and RU (5.62 ± 1.46%) were slightly higher compared to the night-time. Based on these findings, it is important to match the management strategies for musk deer farming with the animals' activity patterns and behavioral rhythms. Doing so can enhance farming outputs and contribute to the welfare of captive forest musk deer.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706637_4b598526105e0fe117f31eca53197106.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in shelter dogs of southeastern Türkiye 595 599 706648 10.30466/vrf.2023.1998950.3826 EN Burçak Aslan Çelik Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye 0000-0002-0130-970X Özgür Yaşar Çelik Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye 0000-0001-6365-2688 Akın Koçhan Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye 0000-0003-0199-453X Adnan Ayan Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye 0000-0002-6564-3416 Özlem Orunç Kılınç Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye 0000-0001-6233-7109 Gürkan Akyıldız Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Türkiye 0000-0002-8610-5174 Kıvanç İrak Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye 0000-0001-9765-0330 Özge Oktay Ayan Department of Parasitology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Türkiye 0000-0003-2577-3774 Kerem Ercan Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye 0000-0003-4914-8578 Journal Article 2023 03 25 Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite found in humans and several mammals. This parasite spreads worldwide and is generally recognized as a zoonotic agent being reported to be one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in shelter dogs in Diyarbakır province being located in the southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye. Native-Lugol method and nested polymerase chain reaction analyses of 100 fecal samples showed a prevalence of 3.00 and 4.00%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in females and in those younger than 1 year. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage B, assemblage D and assemblage E. The detection of zoonotic assemblage B in this study suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for human giardiasis. Further molecular research is needed to determine the genotype diversity of Giardia as well as its possible role in the transmission of this parasite to humans.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706648_3b3a6010e09d042119bd63cf52b869e3.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Effect of saponin on spermatogenesis and testicular structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 601 606 706642 10.30466/vrf.2023.1986019.3727 EN Sadigheh Pashapour Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-7637-5173 Adel Saberivand Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0003-4790-6996 Amir Afshin Khaki Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0003-0071-0400 Maryam Saberivand Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-7529-4793 Journal Article 2023 01 03 About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found in many plants, improves sperm parameters. The present study investigated the effect of saponin on sperm oxidative stress and testicular structure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by the administration of 150 mg kg-1 STZ via a single intra-peritoneal injection. All experimental mice were allocated to the following groups: Control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group administrated 100 mg kg-1 saponin daily and one healthy group administrated saponin daily for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of insulin, glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. A histological evaluation of testicles was performed. Treatment of diabetic mice with saponin ameliorated testicular tissue damage as well as serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, in the diabetic group, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde was increased; while, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was reduced. The mean Johnsen's score and the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules were lower in the diabetic mice than control ones. However, these parameters were higher in the saponin-treated mice than controls. Overall, saponin administration rectified all examined parameters. The anti-oxidant role of saponin improves sperm parameters and diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706642_023cb92ca407c2a3ce4a9470b6d76d9b.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Trichoderma harzianum as fungicide and symbiont: is it safe for human and animals? 607 614 706631 10.30466/vrf.2023.561862.3618 EN Amir Ali Shahbazfar Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Marzieh Heidarieh Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran Samira Shahbazi Department of Plant Protection, Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran Hamed Askari Department of Plant Protection, Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2022 09 10 Trichoderma species are considered as biological control agents against numerous phytopathogenic fungi. They are also helpful for plants as plant symbiont. This study aimed to identify harmful effects of Trichoderma in laboratory animals. In the first step, inhalation toxicity was studied. Six rats as control received a spray of bio-formulation without spores. Ten rats as treatment A received 1.00 × 106 colony-forming unit (CFU) of Trichoderma spores and ten rats as treatment B received 1.00 × 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. The harmful effects of Trichoderma were obvious especially in the lungs, liver and kidney, and some blood parameters were abnormal. In the second step, we studied acute oral toxicity by gavage. Four rats as control received bio-formulation without spores. Six rats as treatment A received 1.00 × 106 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. Six rats as treatment B received 1.00 × 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. The harmful effects of Trichoderma were noticeable more in the liver and kidney tissues. For dermal toxicity study, two rabbits as control received bio-formulation without spores by rubbing on the surface of the skin. Treatment groups A and B received 1.00 × 106 and 1.00 × 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores, respectively (four rabbits for each group). The liver and kidney and some blood parameters were abnormal. Trichoderma has some harmful effects on tissues and organs and although it is a natural product, it should be used under cautions.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706631_291485c97a15da9b4f152cae776a60a2.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Whole-genome sequencing of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O/PanAsia-2/QOM-15 and comparison of its VP1-encoding region with two vaccine strains 615 623 706638 10.30466/vrf.2023.1978294.3704 EN Mehrnoosh Gadir Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Seyed Mahmoud Azimi Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Naser Harzandi Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran 0000-0003-2783-4462 Behzad Hemati Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Neda Eskandarzade Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 15 Despite widespread vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease, many outbreaks still occur in endemic areas. We attempted to determine the genetic and antigenic properties of the O/PanAsia-2/QOM-15 foot-and-mouth disease virus new vaccine strain. Thus, whole-genome sequencing was used to identify vulnerable pinpoint sites across the genome. The VP1 sequence (1D gene) of the O/PanAsia-2/QOM-15 viral genome was then compared to the VP1 sequences of two previously used vaccine strains, O/PanAsia (JQ321837) and O/PanAsia-2 (JN676146). The antigenic relationship of these three viruses was calculated by the two dimensional-virus neutralization test. At the nucleotide level, 47 single variants were identified, of which 19.00% were in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), 79.00% in the polyprotein region, and 2.00% in the 3' UTR region. Approximately half of the single nucleotide polymorphisms that have occurred in 1D gene resulted in amino acid (AA) substitutions in the VP1 structure. The single nucleotide polymorphisms also caused AA substitutions in other structural proteins, including VP2 and VP3, and some non-structural proteins (Lpro, 2C, and 3A). The O/PanAsia-2/QOM-15 shared higher sequence similarity with O/PanAsia-2 (91.00%) compared to O/PanAsia (87.30%). Evaluating r-value showed that the antigenic relationship of O/PanAsia-2/QOM-15 with O/PanAsia-2 (29.00%) was greater than that of the O/PanAsia (24.00%); however, all three viruses were immunologically distinct. After 10 years, the alteration of virus antigenicity and the lack of detectable adaptive pressure on VP1 sequence suggest that studying genetic dynamics beyond the VP1 region is necessary to evaluate FMDV pathogenicity and vaccine failure.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706638_9dc0c6a32d9e6acabb768c08762ae452.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on digestive enzymes activities and serum biochemistry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 625 630 706632 10.30466/vrf.2023.560224.3650 EN Alireza Afzali-Kordmahalleh Post-graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-9049-470X Saeid Meshkini Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Journal Article 2022 10 24 The effects of resveratrol as an anti-oxidant in improving growth and health have been shown in several experiments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary resveratrol inclusion levels on digestive enzymes activity and serum biochemistry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Accordingly, 225 juvenile rainbow trout with an average body weight of 10.00 ± 1.50 g were stocked in nine experimental units. The study was performed as a completely randomized design including three dietary levels of resveratrol as follows: 0.00, 400 and 800 mg kg-1 feed. During the experiment, fish were fed based on their respective body weight using standard feeding tables at three feeding times for 8 weeks. Nine fish were randomly selected from each treatment at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment. Results revealed that supplementing 800 mg kg-1 feed resveratrol significantly increased lipase activity (31.40 ± 0.32 U mg-1 protein) compared to the control group (29.92 ± 0.52 U mg-1 protein) at the end of week eight. Also, at the same time, it increased serum high-density lipoprotein (123.04 ± 1.57 mg dL-1) compared to the control group (97.055 ± 1.463 mg dL-1). In addition, dietary supplementation of 800 mg kg-1 feed resveratrol effectively reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities along with glucose, cortisol and cholesterol. In conclusion, resveratrol can be used as a suitable food supplement to improve fish health by increasing digestive enzymes activities.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706632_f2834ab1b3c6c9472ede577bf1d76977.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 14 11 2023 11 01 Surgical management of an aspirated bone in a Shih Tzu terrier dog: a case report 631 633 706652 10.30466/vrf.2023.2001992.3876 EN Vahid Ganjiani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 0000-0001-8687-0645 Amin Bigham-Sadegh Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 0000-0003-4981-7495 Abdolhamid Meimandi-Parizi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 0000-0002-6241-7106 Mohsen Nouroozi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Dariush Sarikhani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Parisa Afraz Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 09 Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (trachea/bronchus) are very rare conditions; therefore, it is not on top of the list of differential diagnoses in patients with chronic or severe cough, but its occurrence should not be considered unexpected. A 2-year-old male Shih Tzu terrier mix dog (9.20 kg) with a history of dyspnea for 6 days was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. In the clinical examination, respiratory distress and pain during palpation of the neck area were observed. Radiology indicated a triangular radiopaque object (bone) in the trachea of the animal. The size of the foreign body, the weakness of the grasping forceps of the device, and the edges of the bone being stuck in the trachea caused tracheoscopy failure after 30 min of trying. Surgical procedure (tracheotomy) was effective to remove the foreign body using Noyes alligator tissue forceps. Aspirated foreign body is not a common condition. In the case of early recognition and immediate treatment of the aspirated foreign body, the prognosis is usually good.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_706652_9c9207faa27236946d40f9ab8da39d8f.pdf