Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Effect of wet feeding on performance, blood plasma indices, intestinal histomorphometry, and economics of broiler chickens under hot climatic conditions 391 396 714506 10.30466/vrf.2024.2019127.4115 EN Hina Ashraf Waiz Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, India 0000-0002-4056-0294 Lokesh Gautam Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, India 0000-0001-6659-1366 Journal Article 2023 12 30 The study aimed to investigate the impact of wet feeding on broiler chicken performance and intestinal histomorphometry. The research was conducted at the Veterinary College, Udaipur, India, using 144 commercial broiler chicks from day 1 to 6 weeks of age. The chicks were divided randomly into three experimental groups, each with four replicates comprising 48 birds. The control group (G1) was fed dry; while, group 2 (G2) received wet feed supplemented with 1.00 g water per g of feed and group 3 (G3) received wet feed supplemented with 1.20 g water per g of feed. Results revealed that G3 had significantly superior feed conversion ratios, lower feed intake, and increased body weight and weight gain compared to G2 and G1. Among the three treatment groups, there were no variations in blood plasma indicators. In comparison with G1, duodenum and ileum in G2 had higher villus height. The G3 revealed higher net profit margins and 18.89% saving of feed compared to G1, suggesting that it may be a valuable tool for lowering chicken feed costs.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714506_f61cf3f2bfab02738779b05c03be7364.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Molecular detection of the beta-lactamase Cefotaxime gene in Escherichia coli from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle with repeat breeder cases on Lombok island 397 402 714091 10.30466/vrf.2024.2014818.4056 EN Kholik Kholik Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Mataram, Indonesia 0000-0002-0654-555X Pudji Srianto Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia 0000-0002-6832-9799 Aulanni’am Aulanni’am Laboratory of Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Sri Pantja Madyawati Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Journal Article 2023 11 01 This study aims to detect Escherichia coli which encodes beta-lactamase Cefotaxime (blaCTX-M) gene from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle with repeat breeder cases. This research was conducted from June to August 2021 using 16 Bali cattle with repeat breeder cases. The reproductive fluids were taken using a plastic sheet gun which was inserted into a Brain Heart Infusion medium, isolated in eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB) and identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Double-disk approximation test was used to screen the presence of E. coli which produces Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the blaCTX-M gene of E. coli and sequences of the blaCTX-M gene were phylogenetically analyzed. The research results obtained three E. coli isolates from 16 reproductive tract fluids of Bali cattle. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that 100% of E. coli was resistant to penicillin G and oxytetracycline. 66.66% of E. coli was resistant to cefotaxime (CTX) and gentamicin, and 33.33% of E. coli was resistant to tetracycline. Escherichia coli isolates that were resistant to penicillin and CTX showed positive results in the double-disk approximation test. The results of E. coli detection using PCR showed that three E. coli isolates encoded the blaCTX-M gene located at 370 bp on gel electrophoresis. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that E. coli from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle was related to E. coli that encoded blaCTX-M-14 isolated from humans.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714091_2b1be9da2c2f76e6040d30ab9830ff10.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Comparative study of echocardiographic parameters in healthy and dilated cardiomyopathy-affected dogs 403 409 714505 10.30466/vrf.2023.2018338.4108 EN Pritish Rath Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India 0009-0004-3559-0781 Biswadeep Jena Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India 0000-0001-9798-6387 Sidhartha Sankar Behera Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India 0000-0001-9589-0488 Srinivas Sathapathy Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India 0000-0003-1219-9523 Prasana Kumar Rath Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India Swetapadma Sarangi Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India Journal Article 2023 12 21 Echocardiography is a non-invasive and gold standard imaging tool for diagnosing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. This study aimed to compare the echocardiographic parameters between healthy and DCM-affected dogs. A total of 52 client-owned dogs, comprising 38 males and 14 females, were included. Among these, 24 dogs (46.15%) were classified as healthy controls and 28 dogs (53.85%) were part of DCM group. On breed-wise prevalence, it was reported that Labrador Retriever breeds showed a higher incidence of DCM than the others. The comparative studies of echocardiographic parameters showed that DCM-affected dogs had significantly higher values in left ventricular long axis length at -end diastole (LVLdA4C) and -end systole (LVLsA4C), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), left atrium (LA)/aorta diameter (Ao) ratio, left ventricular internal dimension at systole (LVIDs), and end point septal separation (EPSS), as well as significantly lower values in left ventricular contractibility indices such as fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) compared to healthy dogs. Also, receiver operating characteristic curves were made to determine the optimal cut-off points for each echocardiographic parameter with specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing DCM. Significant areas under the curve were observed for parameters such as LVIDs, EF, FS, LA/Ao, EPSS, LVLdA4C, LVLsA4C, left ventricular EDV, left ventricular ESV, and ESV for DCM-affected dogs. This cut-off value can be used as an early diagnosis of DCM through echocardiography, facilitating timely clinical interventions and management strategies for improved quality of life in dogs.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714505_02e0561f37d8f6be8c2a6e70a834b838.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Effect of curcumin on formalin-induced muscle pain in male rats: role of local cyclooxygenase system 411 416 715059 10.30466/vrf.2024.2015987.4069 EN Nabat Naqshbandi PhD Candidate, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0003-4378-846X Esmaeal Tamaddonfard Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-8240-5885 Amir Erfanparast Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0003-2526-2253 Farhad Soltanalinejad Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0002-2832-6905 Journal Article 2023 11 19 Investigating the mechanisms responsible for pain processing of natural and synthetic chemical compounds is necessary to optimize pain management. Curcumin (Cur), the active ingredient of turmeric, exhibits potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties by employing multiple mechanisms at the local peripheral, spinal and supra-spinal levels. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of Cur on muscle pain induced by intramuscular (IM) injection of formalin. To explore the possible local mechanisms, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, diclofenac (Dic) and a COX product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were applied. The IM injection of formalin (25.00 µL, 2.50%) into the gastrocnemius muscle induced two distinct phases of hind leg flinching. A short-lasting (10 min) hind leg lifting was observed following IM injection of PGE2 (2 µg kg-1, 25.00 µL). Oral administration of Cur (25.00 and 100 mg kg-1) and IM injection of 40.00 µg kg-1 Dic attenuated formalin and PGE2 induced nociceptive behaviors. Contra-lateral IM injection of Dic did not change muscle pain induced by ipsilateral IM injection of formalin and PGE2. The second phase of formalin induced flinching as well as PGE2 evoked lifting were more suppressed when 40.00 µg kg-1 Dic and 100 mg kg-1 Cur were used together. Locomotor activity was not changed by the above-mentioned treatments. It was concluded that the reducing effect of muscle pain of Cur might be related to the local inhibition of COX.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_715059_8d7996e109e36a2878d753038b172f59.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Design and implementation of a TaqMan® real-time PCR method for detection and quantification of bovine leukemia virus 417 423 714438 10.30466/vrf.2024.2016741.4084 EN Hassan Vahidi Emami Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of the Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5355-6921 Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of the Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7914-0863 Seyed Masoud Hosseini Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8906-5833 Hamideh Najafi Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of the Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5329-5808 Journal Article 2023 12 18 The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an important infectious agent transmitted from cattle to humans. It is considered one of the oncogenic viruses in breast cancer, so an accurate detection of this virus is important. The study aimed to design a specific and sensitive method based on TaqMan® real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for BLV detection. Probes and primers were designed using bioinformatics software for a 108 pairs region of the BLV tax gene. Criteria employed for determining analytical sensitivity were prepared using in-vitro RNA transcriptions. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) databases various viral panels and genomic samples from healthy individuals (Qom Province, Iran in 2023) were used to verify analytical specificity and clinical specificity, respectively. This method can measure a minimum of 10 copies of DNA and RNA mL-1. Moreover, the assay is linear in the range of 100 - 109 copies mL-1. By testing negative specimens, the method specificity was 100%. The reproducibility results of the reaction were examined at the intra- and inter-assay comparison. In fact, 10 technical replicates of each concentration of the control sample were analyzed in each working reaction. Due to the locally made kit, exact sensitivity and specificity, rapid analysis, and relatively low cost, as compared to commercial kits of other countries, the method introduced in the present study could be suitable for accurate detection of the BLV. Also, the TaqMan® real-time PCR method could be detected in cattle and human and before malignant changes of breast cancer which could reduce infection and breast cancer.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714438_0356c8415e3ceb0675328b2f7cf21bd0.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Using a combination of phospholipid fatty acids profiles and DNA-based sequencing analyses to detect shifts in the biofloc microbial community in different carbon sources and carbon/nitrogen ratios 425 434 714398 10.30466/vrf.2024.2015189.4060 EN Ebrahim Hossein Najdegerami Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-9180-081X Ramin Manaffar Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0002-6818-0760 Journal Article 2023 11 11 A 35-day study investigated the impact of carbon sources and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the microbial community of biofloc. For this purpose, we utilized a combination of phospho-lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles and DNA-based sequencing methods to investigate changes in the microbial community composition and structure. The experiment involved three carbon sources including Dextrin (DEX), corn starch (CS) and wheat bran (WB) at two C/N ratios (19 and 30). The results indicated that WB and CS were found to decrease nitrogen metabolite concentration while increasing total suspended solids and bacterial density compared to DEX. The treatments exhibited variations in microbial communities and the use of polymerase chain reaction/ denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed distinct dominant bacterial species linked to carbon sources and C/N ratios. Furthermore, the highest levels of bacteria and protozoa PLFAs biomarkers were observed in the C/N30 ratio and WB treatment while the ratio for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate/PLFAs and fungi biomarkers displayed a decrease. Also, by incorporating the results of PLFAs profile and conducting a principal component analysis, the treatments were categorized into distinct groups based on both the carbon source and C/N ratios. Overall, both methods yield consistent results. PLFAs offered additional insights into the microbial composition beyond bacterial structure while DNA-based analysis provided finer taxonomic resolution.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714398_b2ff4e664ed7f7d3f6c91a5f593c35f1.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Successful treatment of Candida albicans-induced fungal cystitis in a dog using caspofungin: a case report 435 438 714409 10.30466/vrf.2024.2018960.4113 EN Sei-Myoung Han Department of Animal Health and Welfare, College of Health and Biotechnology, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea 0000-0001-7633-5745 Journal Article 2023 12 28 A 7-year-old castrated male poodle was brought to the referral Animal Medical Center and diagnosed with diabetes and pancreatitis. One month later, the patient presented with cloudy urine, and ultrasonography revealed a large number of spherical substances. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with fungal cystitis with Candida albicans. Initially, 10.00 mg kg-1 itraconazole was prescribed twice daily for six weeks, and the symptoms of prolonged urination improved; however, the fungal balls persisted in the bladder. The six months later, the patient showed recurrent symptoms, such as dysuria and stranguria; therefore, 5.00 mg kg-1 fluconazole was prescribed twice daily; however, it was not effective. Subsequently, 1.00 mg kg-1 caspofungin once daily was administered for three consecutive days. Finally, the fungal balls in the bladder disappeared. The patient was regularly monitored after completion of treatment and, 17 months later, doing well without recurrence. Few reports exist on the use of caspofungin in veterinary medicine. The recommended dose of caspofungin in dogs remains unknown. In the case of azole-resistant Candida, treatment using caspofungin should be considered; although, additional studies on the established dosing and side effects are needed.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714409_3ff08ce160c38c68e5d1191d689631ca.pdf

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University Veterinary Research Forum 2008-8140 15 8 2024 08 01 Diagnosis of a cystic lymphocyte-rich thymoma in a young cat 439 443 714909 10.30466/vrf.2024.2017324.4093 EN Jing Zhang School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Vocational College, Taizhou, China Weixiang Xu Changzhou Hongmei Animal Hospital, Changzhou, China Dayong Xu Changzhou Hongmei Animal Hospital, Changzhou, China Changxin Wu Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China Li Xing Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China Journal Article 2023 12 07 Thymoma is one of the thymic epithelial tumors arising from the thymic epithelial cells of a variety of animal species including cat, cattle, dog, goat, horse, and pig. The cancer cells of thymoma are always localized within thymus. Feline thymoma was usually identified in the cranial mediastinum of elder cats. In this report, we present the full diagnostic characteristics of a young cat with a cranial mediastinal mass diagnosed as a cystic type B1 thymoma. A 3-year-old male neutered domestic short-haired cat was referred for further diagnosis due to the shortness of breath and pleural accumulation. One single cystic extra-pericardial mass was seen and the boundary between the mass and the surrounding tissue was clearly demarcated in three-view thoracic radiographs. Ultrasound showed pleural effusion and intra-thoracic mass. Pleural fluid biochemistry showed high level of triglycerides and complete blood count revealed the elevated number of basophils and high level of feline serum amyloid A (fSAA). Pleural effusion sediment cytology showed a large number of round cells, mainly small lymphocytes, as well as a moderate number of neutrophils and a small number of large lymphocytes. The high level of triglycerides in pleural fluid instead of serum and high level of fSAA seem to provide informative clues to the diagnosis of thymoma and are worthy of further investigation.

https://vrf.iranjournals.ir/article_714909_37d1a382b4b868247fcd86a8f257493f.pdf