Document Type : Clinical Report

Authors

1 Department of Basic Sciences and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran

Abstract

All conjoined twins are originally born as a result of fertilizing one zygote (egg) and also called monozygotic twins experiencing an incomplete division of an embryo into two portions of the embryo usually causing the formation of the primary streak stage. The main reason for the creation of this defect is not obvious. Dead twin goat with one head, one trunk, four anterior limbs, and four posterior organs was referred to the Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran. The radiographic and three-dimensional images showed one normal skull and pelvic bone vertebral column. The ribs and sternum of the newborn goat were quite normal and confirmed two pairs of extra limbs. There were no doubles in describing the internal organs. This report seems to be the first report regarding a case of a monocephalus, tetrabrachius, and tetrapod newborn goat.

Keywords

  1. Spencer R. Theoretical and analytical embryology of conjoined twins: part I: embryogenesis. Clin Anat 2000; 13(1):36-53.
  2. Spencer R. Theoretical and analytical embryology of conjoined twins: part II: ‎adjustments to union. Clin Anat 2000;13(2):97-120. ‎
  3. Spencer R. Conjoined twins: Developmental mal-formations and clinical implications. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press 2003; 476.
  4. Sadler TW. Longman’s medical embryology. 6th ed. Baltimore, USA: Williams and Wilkins 1990; 112.
  5. Carlson BM. Patten’s foundation of embryology. 5th ed. New York, USA: McGraw Hill 1988;35-36.
  6. Sharma D, Jhobta A, Azad JR, et al. Cephalothoracopagus janiceps asymmetros twins: Antenatal sonographic diagnosis. J Clin Ultrasound 2013; 41(3):199-202.
  7. Nottidge HO, Omobowale TO, Olopade JO, et al. A case of craniothoracopagus (monocephalus thoracopagus tetrabrachius) in a dog. Anat Histol Embryol 2007; 36(3):179-181.
  8. Hynd TE, Buckley CL, Lozanoff S. Case of cephalo-thoracopagus conjoined twinning in an embryonic mouse. Birth Defects Res. Part A Clin Mol Teratol 2013;97(6):421-424.
  9. Mazaheri Y, Nourinezhad J, Ranjbar R et al. A case of conjoined twins (thoraco-omphalopygopagus tribrachius tetrapus) in lamb. Vete Res Forum 2014; 5(1): 73-76.
  10. Salami OS, Okaiyeto SO, Danbirni S, et al. A case of diprosopus onauchenos in a day old calf (White Fulani × Friesian cross) in an integrated dairy farm. Int J Livest Prod 2011;2(5):55-58.
  11. Shukla SP, Mudasir Q, Nema SP. Dystocia due to a conjoined twin monster foetus in a female buffalo. Buffalo Bull. 2011;30(1):12-13.
  12. Mukaratirwa S, Sayi ST. Partial facial duplication (diprosopus) in a goat kid. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2006; 77(1):42-44.
  13. Chen H. Atlas of genetic diagnosis and counselling. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag 2012; 495-505.
  14. Hyttel P, Sinowatz F, Vejlsted M, et al. Essentials of domestic animal embryology. Edinburgh, UK: Saunders Ltd. 2010; 338-346.
  15. Roberts J. Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases. Delhi, India: CBS Publishers & distributors 2004;73-74.
  16. Sonfada ML, Sivachelvan MN, Haruna Y, et al. Incidence of congenital malformations in ruminants in the north eastern region of Nigeria. Int J AnimVet Adv 2010;2:1-4.
  17. Samuel MO, Wachida N, Abenga JH, et al. A case of omphalo-ischiopagus (dicephalic dithoracic abdomino pagus tetrascelus tetrabrachius) in lambs. Anat Histol Embryol 2014;43:320-323.