Determining the reference values for arterial blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base in healthy male sheep of Iranian Shall breed

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine the normal range of arterial blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base status in the healthy male sheep of Iranian Shall breed. For this purpose, the blood sample was collected from the ear artery of 15 Iranian Shall sheep whose health was confirmed by clinical examinations, hematological tests including complete blood count and air-dried blood smear and cardiac evaluations including electrocardiography and echocardiography. Then, the values of pH, partial dioxide carbon pressure, partial oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation, base excess, bicarbonate as well as the concentration of electrolytes and anion gap were measured using a blood gas analyzer. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analyses by SPSS software and the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson and descriptive statistics of the results were expressed as mean ± SE, range (minimum and maximum) and confidence interval 95.00%. The results showed the mean value of arterial blood gas including oxygen saturation, partial oxygen pressure, and partial dioxide carbon pressure were 95.69%, 61.58, and 26.28 mmHg, respectively, and the others arterial blood parameters including pH, base excess, and bicarbonate were 7.54, 1.61, and 22.84 mmol L-1, respectively. Also, the mean values of arterial blood electrolytes including Na+, K+, and Cl-, were 143.25, 4.22, and 109.46 mmol L-1, respectively, and the mean anion gap was 12.64 mmol L-1. The present study determined the range of normal amounts of arterial blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base status in the healthy male sheep of Iranian Shall breed which could be used as a reference for further research on sheep diseases and to distinguish healthy status from disease.

Keywords

Subjects


  1. Wagner J, Rieker T, Siegling-Vlitakis C. Blood gas analysis in dogs in veterinary practice. A review [German]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2015; 43(4): 260-272.
  2. Irizarry R, Reiss A. Arterial and venous blood gases: indications, interpretations, and clinical applications. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2009; 31(10): E1-E7.
  3. Proulx J. Respiratory monitoring: arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry, and end-tidal carbon dioxide analysis. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1999; 14(4): 227-230.
  4. Gonzalez AL, Waddell LS. Blood gas analyzers. Top Companion Anim Med 2016; 31(1): 27-34.
  5. Day TK. Blood gas analysis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2002; 32(5): 1031-1048.
  6. Luo C, Duan Z, Zheng T, et al. Base excess is associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9: 942485. doi: 10.3389/fcvm. 2022.942485.
  7. Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. Modeling the growth curve of Iranian Shall sheep using non-linear growth models. Small Rumin Res 2015; 130: 60-66.
  8. Williams KB, Christmas AB, Heniford BT, et al. Arterial vs venous blood gas differences during hemorrhagic shock. World J Crit Care Med 2014; 3(2): 55-60.
  9. Gelsomino S, Lorusso R, Livi U, et al. Assessment of a continuous blood gas monitoring system in animals during circulatory stress. BMC Anesthesiol 2011; 11: 1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2253-11-1.
  10. López CM, Cienfuegos S, Dacal V, et al. Efficacy of anthelminthic control programs against natural Muellerius capillaris infection in sheep in the north-west of Spain. Effect on blood gases and pH in venous blood samples. Parasite 2010; 17(2): 167-171.
  11. Onmaz A, Güneş V, Atalan G, et al. Comparison of arterial and venous blood gas values in sheep before and during isoflurane anaesthesia. Rev Med Vet 2009; 160(7): 356-361.
  12. Mitchell B, Williams JT. Normal blood-gas values in lambs during neonatal development and in adult sheep. Res Vet Sci 1975; 19(3): 335-336.
  13. Sabes AF, Girardi AM, Zangirolami Filho D, et al. Acid-base balance in sheep with experimentally induced acute ruminal lactic acidosis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2017; 69(3): 637-643.
  14. Loughran CM, Kemp MW, Musk GC. Maternal and fetal arterial blood gas data in normotensive, singleton, isoflurane anesthetized sheep at 124-126 days of gestation. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81(3): 231-234.
  15. Kotresh AM, Gururaj PM, Ramesh HS, et al. Estimation of acid-base parameters of arterial and venous blood in Bannur sheep. Environ Ecol 2016; 4: 1676-1678.
  16. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, et al. Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 11th Missouri, USA: Elsevier 2017; 124, 125, 135, 137, 865.
  17. Collins JA, Rudenski A, Gibson J, et al. Relating oxygen partial pressure, saturation and content: the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. Breathe (Sheff) 2015; 11(3): 194-201.
  18. Grimm LM, Ganter M. Analysis of pH and electrolytes in blood and electrolytes in ruminal fluid, including kidney function tests, in sheep undergoing general anaesthesia for laparotomy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12(7): 834. doi: 10.3390/ani12070834.
Volume 16, Issue 3
March 2025
Pages 175-179

  • Receive Date 15 May 2024
  • Revise Date 25 August 2024
  • Accept Date 11 September 2024