Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Histopathological evaluation of trachea, lung, and mesonephros in specific pathogen free-eggs embryos inoculated for titration of avian infectious bronchitis virus M41 strain

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Farhad Farhadi 1
Amir Abbas Farshid 1
Mohammad Hossein Alavi 2
Ali Ameghi 3
Seyede Soraya Mahmoudi 1

1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2024.2032492.4322
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis, being caused by a coronavirus, is a significant disease affecting broiler and layer chickens, leading to substantial losses in the poultry industry due to the high mortality rates and decreased egg yield. Nearly 30 serotypes and 100 variants were described to date; developed vaccines are being for some severe cases, like the Massachusetts strain, to mitigate the effects. Determining the vaccinal strain's titer is crucial for creating an effective vaccine, and calculating the virus infectivity in the egg embryo is very important using dilutions ranging from 10-3 to 10-8, from each dilution 0.10 mL is used. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the avian bronchitis virus injected into the allantoic cavity of ten days old embryonated eggs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction tests determined the viral load in the allantoic fluid. The embryos were removed to study gross injuries. The trachea, lung, and mesonephros were removed and submitted for histopathological studies, and nuclear factor-kappa B immunofluorescence analysis. The results revealed that the dilution of one-thousandth of the virus in the embryos caused the highest organ damage and viral replication. Varying degrees of hyperemia, edema, cellular infiltration, and degeneration were observed in the trachea, lung, and mesonephros depending on the virus dilution. This study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of the avian bronchitis virus, and has a potential impact on achieving an effective vaccine.

Keywords

Chicken embryo
Histopathology
Infectious bronchitis
Coronavirus
M41 strain

Subjects

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Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 16, Issue 3
March 2025
Pages 161-166

  • Receive Date 16 June 2024
  • Revise Date 28 August 2024
  • Accept Date 11 September 2024

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