Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Diagnosis of bovine group A rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. in calf diarrhea with one-step duplex RT-PCR: histopathological and immunochromotographic methods

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Bunyamin Irehan 1
Mustafa Ozkaraca 2
Irem Gulactı 3
Levent Sener 4
Muhammed Fatih Dursun 4

1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Harran, Şanliurfa, Türkiye

2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sivas Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Türkiye

3 Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Virology Diagnostic Laboratory, Istanbul, Türkiye

4 Elaziğ Veterinary Control Institute, Elaziğ, Türkiye

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2024.2025299.4208
Abstract
Infections causing diarrhea in cattle breeding pose a substantial threat to calf breeding and health, causing considerable economic losses worldwide, including in Türkiye. The primary causative agents of calf diarrhea include bovine group A rotavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Escherichia coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. The objective of this study was to diagnose the pathogens present in samples taken from calves exhibiting diarrhea symptoms in the Elaziğ province of Türkiye. The study material consisted of 85 fecal samples from calves up to 30 days of age with diarrhea symptoms and 42 small intestine samples from calves died as a result of diarrhea symptoms after necropsy. Following total RNA isolation from the samples, one-step duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was conducted to identify the bovine rotavirus (BRV) and BCoV. Our results indicated that 24 of the samples were positive for BRV, 13 were positive for BCoV, and 25 were positive for BRV and BCoV in the form of mixed infection. The immunochromatographic analysis revealed that three samples were positive for E. coli K99 antigens, 12 for Cryptosporidium spp. antigens, and 28 for Giardia spp. antigens. Our results indicate that one-step duplex RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunochromatography methods can be valuable tests to be used in routine diagnostic laboratories for the detection of pathogens associated with calf diarrhea.

Keywords

Bovine coronavirus
Bovine group A rotavirus
Cryptosporidium spp
Escherichia coli K99
Giardia spp

Subjects

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Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 16, Issue 4
April 2025
Pages 221-227

  • Receive Date 21 March 2024
  • Revise Date 04 May 2024
  • Accept Date 05 June 2024

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