Radiology
Mehak Mahant; Arun Anand; Vandana Sangwan; Jitender Mohindroo
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 465-470
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of different radiographic parameters of mandibular first molar with respect to age, body weight and breed in healthy dogs. Overall, 50 dogs with the age from 5 to 156 months and body weight from 6.00 to 45.00 kg of various breeds were made the ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of different radiographic parameters of mandibular first molar with respect to age, body weight and breed in healthy dogs. Overall, 50 dogs with the age from 5 to 156 months and body weight from 6.00 to 45.00 kg of various breeds were made the subject of study. Animals were categorized into different groups based on age, body weight and breed. A new dental parameters measurement technique was standardised which was in line with modified Lind’s measurement technique of human dentistry. A significant decrease in least square count means of dental parameters was observed in age group 1 (0 - 12 months) in comparison with group 2 (13 - 60 months) and group 3 (> 60 months). A significant decrease in least square count means of dental parameters was observed in group A (0.00 - 10.00 kg) in comparison with group B (11.00 - 25.00 kg) and group C (> 25.00 kg). The root canal width showed a significant decrease with an increase in age; therefore, it was difficult to approach pulp cavity in older dogs. Small breeds showed decline in root length/crown height (R/C) ratio and mandible height/first mandibular molar height (MH/M1H) ratio in comparison with medium and large breeds because of which there were more chances of tooth loosening in smaller breeds. Regression equations formulated with respect to body weight and age can act as a ready reference to calculate values of different dental parameters at places where dental radiography is not available.
Navid Dadashpour Davachi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 467-471
Abstract
Using the cold surgical technique (CST) is the most common practice to accomplish embryo transfer (ET). However, it can lead to uncontrolled bleeding and mortality in laboratory animals. Electrosurgery technique (EST) has provided the opportunity to prevent such complications. This study was aimed to ...
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Using the cold surgical technique (CST) is the most common practice to accomplish embryo transfer (ET). However, it can lead to uncontrolled bleeding and mortality in laboratory animals. Electrosurgery technique (EST) has provided the opportunity to prevent such complications. This study was aimed to evaluate CST versus EST in terms of repeated use of surrogate mothers, litter size, implantation rate and post-surgical behavior. Virgin female NMRI mice were allocated into two different surgical groups (n = 40): 1) CST-ET (control) and 2) EST-ET. Results showed that the first ET in EST-ET and CST-ET groups did not affect litter size, pregnancy rate and survival of surrogate mothers. Following the second and the third ETs, litter size was significantly affected through CST compared to EST, pregnancy rate and survival of surrogate mothers. Litter size, pregnancy rate and surrogate mothers survival rate did not show any significant reduction following the first and the second ETs in EST group. On the other hand, the third ET showed dramatic reduction for all aforementioned parameters regardless of the chosen surgical method for ET. Mice in EST-ET group did not show any significant change in their behavior indicating reduced well-being during the first 24 hr following the first, the second and the third ETs compared to CST-ET group. In conclusion, using EST for ET in mouse made it feasible to reuse surrogate mothers with minimum animal mortality; this could be pivotal with regard to reproductive and animal welfare aspects and research costs. Also, the results indicated that bleeding has severe diverse effects on ET efficiency.
Histology
Nilgün Kuru; Mustafa Öztop; Emel Demirbağ; Nazlı Ercan
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 471-479
Abstract
Organisms have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from stressful conditions. The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a valid indication of protection from the adverse effects of hostile conditions. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the seasonal effects ...
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Organisms have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from stressful conditions. The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a valid indication of protection from the adverse effects of hostile conditions. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the seasonal effects of some abiotic factors on heat shock protein 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) expression in the liver, gills, and muscle tissues of 24 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught in Karataş Lake (Burdur, Türkiye) using gillnets of various mesh sizes. We also measured some physicochemical parameters on-site at sampling time and took water samples for further analyses of other physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. Immunostaining for HSP90 was stronger than for HSP70 in both liver and gill samples. Liver and gill structures exhibited significant seasonal differences in HSP70 and HSP90 immunoreactivity, and the same was true for immunostaining for HSP70 and HSP90 in muscle samples. Some physicochemical properties seemed to vary considerably between seasons, with Fe, Mn, and Zn levels tending to exhibit changes throughout the seasons. However, these levels were considered acceptable for human health. In conclusion, this study suggests that substantial changes in HSP70 and HSP90 expression may be essential for seasonal adaptation and tolerance. Further research on fish HSPs would greatly contribute to aquaculture, which is essential for meeting food requirements.
Mina Baharloei; Behrooz Heidari; Hojjatolah Zamani; Hossein Ghafouri; Mahvash Hadavi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 473-479
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) as stress-related factors play a fundamental role in innate and adaptive immune responses in fish, which can be considered as strong candidates for the development of new methods for fish disease prevention. It has been proven that Pro-Tex® as a heat shock protein inducer ...
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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) as stress-related factors play a fundamental role in innate and adaptive immune responses in fish, which can be considered as strong candidates for the development of new methods for fish disease prevention. It has been proven that Pro-Tex® as a heat shock protein inducer (HSPi) reduces harmful effects of cellular stress by increasing the Hsp70 protein production. We evaluated the effects of Pro-Tex® as an HSPi in a Persian sturgeon, (Acipenser persicus) exposed to a pathogenic bacterium. Therefore, A. persicus fries were pre-treated with 25.00, 50.00 and 100 mg L-1 of Pro-Tex® and then, injected with Streptococcus iniae ATCC29178. The Hsp70 gene expressions were determined in various organs including liver, gill and intestine and lysozyme (LYZ) activities along with supplemental levels of complement component 3 (C3) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were also determined in sturgeon blood in days 3 and 7 after infection. Expression of Hsp70 gene was increased during the first three days of infection and then, it was found to be down-regulated during the infection process. Also, levels of LYZ activity, C3 and IgM increased in a concentration-dependent manner; but these parameters decreased after 7 days. Our data suggest that induction of Hsp70 is a promising approach in modulation of immune response in A. persicus and it might be employed to confer protection in fish against bacterial infections.
Vali Abdoli; Roya Sarkhosh-Inanlou; Nowruz Delirezh; Safiyeh Aghazadeh; Nima ShaykhBaygloo; Mehdi Imani
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 481-485
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is one of prevalent cancer worldwide. In spite of various designed drugs, chemoresistance remains the main obstacle in cancer cure. Therefore, developing novel strategy for treatment of CML is an urgent need. Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) is novel protein toxin from a ...
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is one of prevalent cancer worldwide. In spite of various designed drugs, chemoresistance remains the main obstacle in cancer cure. Therefore, developing novel strategy for treatment of CML is an urgent need. Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) is novel protein toxin from a sea anemone called actinia fragacea with great impacts against cells by pore formation and disturbing cell membrane integrity. The aim of this study was evaluation of FraC toxin toxicity against K562. The bacteria cells harboring expression vector of FraC were induced by IPTG and purified by Ni2+-NTA sepharose affinity chromatography. Then, purified toxin activity was evaluated using RBC hemolytic test. Eventually, evaluation of FraC cytotoxicity and apoptosis were performed using MTT and flow cytometery assays, respectively. Our results revealed that FraC toxin decreased K562 cells viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a whole destroy of cancer cells at 35.00 µg mL-1 after 72 hr. Furthermore, flow cytometery analysis indicated that FraC toxin enhanced necrosis along with apoptosis in K562 cells in a dose dependent manner. We speculated that FraC toxin could be considered as a novel candidate for cancer cell researches and treatments provided that it should be turned into a specific agent by engineering and directing to cancer cell membrane.
Microbiology
Mohammad Tabatabaei; Fateme Abdolahi
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 481-487
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry, and causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of P. multocida by bacteriological and molecular characterization in sheep and goats and screening ...
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Pasteurella multocida exists as a commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of livestock, and poultry, and causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of P. multocida by bacteriological and molecular characterization in sheep and goats and screening the existence of capsule-specific genes and their antibiotic resistance pattern. Totally, 1650 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from apparently healthy sheep and goats and 460 lung tissues were collected from slaughtered animals in Fars province, Iran. All samples were cultured and suspected colonies were examined by biochemical tests, antimicrobial assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 165 P. multocida (104 sheep and 61 goats) isolates, the capA, capD, and capB genes were amplified in 98, 48, and 12 isolates, respectively. The occurrence of four virulence-associated genes of P. multocida isolates were determined by PCR. Most isolates harbored the toxA (79.40%) and hgbB genes (70.90%) and 59.40% of isolates had the pfhA gene. Almost half of the isolates (46.10%) contained the tbpA gene. According to the current study, P. multocida capsular type A had the most frequency followed by type D. In addition, the high frequency of tbpA, pfhA, toxA, and hgbB genes revealed that these genes are possibly important in the pathogenesis of P. multocida. Oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and tilmicosin were the most effective drugs.
Sepideh Sabaghi; Jamshid Razmyar; Mohammad Heidarpour
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 487-491
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alterations in selected indicators of immune responses and oxidative stress of broilers fed with nano-manganese. One hundred-sixty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups with three replicates. Birds were fed the same basal ...
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alterations in selected indicators of immune responses and oxidative stress of broilers fed with nano-manganese. One hundred-sixty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups with three replicates. Birds were fed the same basal diet supplemented with nano-manganese oxide, as 0.00 (control group), 50.00, 100, or 150 mg kg-1 of diet. The birds were vaccinated against avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) as the standard vaccination schedule. Blood sample was taken from the brachial vein of birds on 42th day. A significant decrease in antibody titer against sheep RBC was revealed in the nano-manganese 100 and 150 groups compared to the control group. In addition, the antibody titers against IB and ND were significantly lower in the all nano-manganese groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed for the antibody titer against AI and oxidative stress indices among the experimental groups. The findings in the present study suggested that nano-manganese at 50.00, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 levels might suppress humoral immune response in broilers which should be taken into consideration in supplementation.
Parasitology
Khadijeh Seydi Gazafi; Mousa Tavassoli; Karim Mardani
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 489-494
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) that are essential for electrical signaling in the nervous system of insects. Three-point mutations at the corresponding amino acid sequence positions M815I, T917I, and L920F located in domain II conferring the knockdown resistance ...
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Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) that are essential for electrical signaling in the nervous system of insects. Three-point mutations at the corresponding amino acid sequence positions M815I, T917I, and L920F located in domain II conferring the knockdown resistance (kdr) are the most important mutations in pyrethroid-resistant lice worldwide. In addition, six new mutations have been reported in the extracellular loops IIS1-2 (H813P) and IIS5 (I927F, L928A, R929V, L930M, L932M) in the α- subunit of the sodium channel in lice. The aim of this study was to detect alleles resistant to pyrethroids in the domain II (S5-S6) of the VGSC gene in goat biting louse. Goat biting lice were collected from five provinces in the west and northwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from goat biting lice and Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae species was confirmed by amplifying the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene. A fragment in the domain II (S5-S6) of the VGSC gene was amplified using the specific primers and the resultant polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced. Substitutions T917I, L920F, I927F, L928A, R929V and L930M were identified in the examined sequences. The results showed that all the examined lice had at least one mutation in their VGSC gene associated with pyrethroid resistance or new mutations. The presence of these mutated alleles in the VGSC gene may be due to the long-term and multiple use of pyrethroids against arthropods. Thus, the molecular detection of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in goat chewing lice can help plot a kdr frequency map to enact effective policies to control caprine pediculosis.
Mohammad Sadegh Ashtari; Abbas Veshkini; Majid Masoudifard; Hassan Gilanpour; Alireza Bahonar
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 493-496
Abstract
Evaluation of pelvic diaphragm muscles in dogs merits clinical attention because of the anatomical importance and their involvement in perineal hernia. This study aimed to evaluate the normal pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani and coccygeus muscles) using the computed tomography (CT) scan. For this ...
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Evaluation of pelvic diaphragm muscles in dogs merits clinical attention because of the anatomical importance and their involvement in perineal hernia. This study aimed to evaluate the normal pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani and coccygeus muscles) using the computed tomography (CT) scan. For this purpose, 10 male and 10 female clinically normal, adult intact mixed-breed dogs weighing 15.00 to 20.00 kg were selected randomly. All animals underwent CT examination under general anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency. All the CT images were taken and reconstructed with a same protocol. The measurements of the pelvic diaphragm muscles were performed based on the presented guideline to the observer. The results were presented descriptively. The mean lengths of the coccygeus muscle in CT images were evaluated 4.60 cm for males and 4.30 cm for females. The mean lengths of levator ani muscle in CT images were measured 4.90 cm in males and 4.50 cm in females. In conclusion, the results of the present study can be beneficial to clinicians and researchers for further evaluation of the supporting muscles in pelvic cavity and underlying anatomical changes in perineal hernia in dogs.
Diagnostic Imaging
Boshra Elyasi; Mohammad Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh; Alireza Jahandideh
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 495-499
Abstract
Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using M-mode echocardiography. A ...
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Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using M-mode echocardiography. A total of 10 healthy adult domestic short-haired cats were enrolled in the current study. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) percentages along with cardiac output (CO) were measured through the right parasternal approach in papillary muscle level view. Moreover, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before OHE (D0) as well as 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 30 (D30) days after OHE. The results of this study showed that the mean FS and EF decreased on all days of the study. The FS reduction was significant between D10 and D30 and EF changes were significant between D10 and D20. The means of CO increased significantly on D0 compared to the D10. After D20, CO reduced until the end of the study. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH increased on all research days; but, the changes were significant until D20. Despite the negative effects of OHE on myocardial function, there was no significant correlation between hormonal levels and echocardiographic findings after OHE in this study.
Mehrsa Fajri; Abbas Ahmadi; Rajabali Sadrkhanlou
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 497-503
Abstract
Diabetes in a long period can damage the testicular tissue and impair the male fertility potential. Recently, different herbal treatments have been used for the prevention of type I diabetes and its pathological effects. Methanolic extract of Equisetum arvense has anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic properties. ...
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Diabetes in a long period can damage the testicular tissue and impair the male fertility potential. Recently, different herbal treatments have been used for the prevention of type I diabetes and its pathological effects. Methanolic extract of Equisetum arvense has anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic properties. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Equisetum arvense methanolic extract (EE) on diabetes-induced detrimental effects in mice testicular tissue. Thirty-two adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups including control-sham, diabetic (induced by streptozotocin, 50.00 mg kg-1 for five days), diabetic + EE 250 (250 mg kg-1) and diabetic + EE 500 (500 mg kg-1). After 45 days, all animals were euthanized and their testicles were dissected out and undergone histological analyses. Moreover, the serum level of testosterone was evaluated. Analyses showed that seminiferous tubules diameter, Leydig cells number per mm2 of the connective tissue, Sertoli cells number per tubule, serum level of testosterone and percentage of seminiferous tubules with positive tubular differentiation, repopulation and spermiogenesis indices were significantly decreased in the diabetic group in comparison with control-sham group. The administration of EE in test groups significantly decreased the adverse effects of diabetes (especially 500 mg kg-1). The results of this study revealed that diabetes disturbs spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis processes in mice. Meanwhile, the EE prevents diabetes-induced damages in mice testicular tissue, which may be associated with its hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities.
Diagnostic Imaging
Saeed Heydaryan; Seyed Javad Ahmadpanahi; Dariush Shirani; Mohammad Molazem; Yasamin Vali
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 501-506
Abstract
Right ventricular structural and functional changes result from many cardiovascular disorders in cats. Accordingly, echocardiographic evaluation of the size and function of the right ventricle (RV) provides important prognostic information in many conditions affecting the right heart. Therefore, detection ...
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Right ventricular structural and functional changes result from many cardiovascular disorders in cats. Accordingly, echocardiographic evaluation of the size and function of the right ventricle (RV) provides important prognostic information in many conditions affecting the right heart. Therefore, detection of these changes is clinically important and needs reference values to ease the diagnosis. The present study was designed to calculate structural and fanctional right ventricular variables in 10 apparently healthy cats (six males and four females, averege age 1 year old and body weight 2.70 - 4.80 kg) with no sedation. For this purpose, The minimum, maximum, mean ± standard error of the mean of right ventricle internal dimention in systole and diatole (cm), right ventricle free wall thickness in systole and diastole (cm), fractional shortening (%), right ventricle volume in systole and diastole (mL), right ventricle area in systole and diastole (cm2), ejection fraction (%) and fractional area change (%) were measured and reported. Descriptive statistics were provided for all calculated variables. Statistical correlation of the collected variables with body weight, gender and heart rate were analyzed. Results showed that there is a significant correlation between heart rate with body weight and between systolic and diastolic RV volumes with gender. The results of the present study would help clinicians in the diagnosis of the right heart changes in DSH cats.
Kazi Faizul Azim; Saneya Risa Somana; Md Kamrul Hasan; Md Javed Foysal; Md Hazrat Ali; Tanjia Afrin Chowdhury; Md Nazmul Hossain
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 505-510
Abstract
Escherichia coli associated infections are major threats in poultry industry owing to severe economic losses each year. This study was conducted to identify E. coli isolates, to evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity and to find out their virulence patterns from infected broilers of Sylhet city in Bangladesh. ...
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Escherichia coli associated infections are major threats in poultry industry owing to severe economic losses each year. This study was conducted to identify E. coli isolates, to evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity and to find out their virulence patterns from infected broilers of Sylhet city in Bangladesh. Using polymerase chain reaction, a total 20 isolates were identified as E. coli from 11 chickens, exhibiting symptoms like colibacillosis and/or diarrhea. All isolates were positive for type-1 fimbrial adhesion (fimH), followed by putative avian hemolysin (hlyF) in 17 isolates; while none of the isolates was amplified with intimin (eaeA). Among 10 tested antibiotics, 100% of the isolates (n = 20) showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and tetra-cycline; but they were 100% sensitive to gentamicin. Organ specific correlations of antibiotic sensitivity were obtained among the isolates through principal component analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The 16S rRNA data of two multi-drug resistant isolates revealed closed clustering with clinical E. coli strains which could be indication of their zoonotic potential. In conclusion, the results depict higher prevalence of fimH and hlyF genes and drug resistance patterns of E. coli isolates from broilers in Sylhet city of Bangladesh.
Theriogenology
Sharareh Ahmadi; Adel Saberivand; Cyrus Jalili; Reza Asadpour; Monire Khordadmehr; Maryam Saberivand
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 507-513
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and deadly breast cancer sub-type with limited therapeutic options. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting extensive anti-cancer activity is reported to be effective against TNBC; however, its anti-tumor effect mechanisms have not been fully ...
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and deadly breast cancer sub-type with limited therapeutic options. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting extensive anti-cancer activity is reported to be effective against TNBC; however, its anti-tumor effect mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-cancer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of dandelion (HADE) on 4T1 cells, and the mechanism of HADE-induced cell death. The effect of HADE on cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by flow cytometry. The DNA fragmentation was evaluated by Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Nitric oxide (NO) level was detected using Griess assay. The effects of HADE on Atg-7, Beclin-1, Bcl2, Bax and p53 genes were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that HADE inhibited cell growth and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The HADE induced 4T1 breast cancer cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. The DNA fragmentation was improved as the concentration of HADE increased. The NO secretion was declined with increasing concentration of HADE. Gene expression analysis confirmed HADE-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, p53, Beclin-1 and Atg-7 over-expression as well as Bcl-2 down-regulation were also evident in treated cancer cells.
Ibrahim Mahmoud Alzuheir; Nasr Hasan Jalboush; Adnan Fayyad Fayyad; Rosemary Abdullah Daibes
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 511-514
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was identified in commercial broiler chickens in Palestine. Investigated birds showed primary clinical signs and lesions of IBH including growth retardation, congested and enlarged liver with necrosis, petechial hemorrhage and basophilic ...
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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was identified in commercial broiler chickens in Palestine. Investigated birds showed primary clinical signs and lesions of IBH including growth retardation, congested and enlarged liver with necrosis, petechial hemorrhage and basophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies. The mortality rate was from 15.00%. The FAdV was detected and sequenced in the liver samples of infected chicken by polymerase chain reaction using hexon gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FAdVs belong to FAdV-D serotype 10, clustered within the European highly pathogenic isolates. The highest nucleotide sequence similarity was 99.48% with highly pathogenic FAdV-D serotype 10 detected from infected chicken in Poland (GenBank: LN907532.1) and FAdV-D from infected chicken in Sweden (GenBank: HE961828.1). The lowest similarity was 93.46% with Canadian FAdV-D (GenBank: EF685576.1). In conclusion, this is the first report describing the presence of IBH revealing that the causative virus is closely similar to the highly pathogenic FAdV-D serotype 10 of IBH in broiler chickens in Palestine.
Rahim Peyghan; Ali Ghadiri; Elham Osroush; Zahra Tulaby Dezfuly
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 515-518
Abstract
In autumn of 2019 a three years old female parrot fish was referred to the veterinary hospital for diagnosis and treatment. The prominent symptom was inappetence and a large mass or unilateral distention in the abdominal cavity. Ultrasonography and radiology imaging with contrast media were done to evaluate ...
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In autumn of 2019 a three years old female parrot fish was referred to the veterinary hospital for diagnosis and treatment. The prominent symptom was inappetence and a large mass or unilateral distention in the abdominal cavity. Ultrasonography and radiology imaging with contrast media were done to evaluate the abdominal cavity. According to presumptive diagnosis by imaging, the fluid-filled mass was aspirated by a sterile syringe. No bacteria or other microorganisms were seen in the fluid using microscopy and culturing of the fluid on trypticase soy agar. The parrot fish died after three days because of imbalance and inappetence. Two fluid-filled masses were seen in necropsy. The ovarian structure of the cyst was proved based on the anatomical position, histopathology, ultrasonography and radiology of the cyst tissue. It could be concluded that prompt diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cyst may be necessary for saving the life of the fish.
Microbiology
Razieh Sadati; Nima Shaykh-Baygloo; Rasoul Shokri
Volume 14, Issue 9 , September 2023, , Pages 515-523
Abstract
Isolation of new microbial species from extreme environments is one of the most efficient approaches for the development of novel bioactive metabolites. The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmaceutical bacterial resources from the water and sediments of hypersaline Lake Urmia. Using different ...
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Isolation of new microbial species from extreme environments is one of the most efficient approaches for the development of novel bioactive metabolites. The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmaceutical bacterial resources from the water and sediments of hypersaline Lake Urmia. Using different culture conditions and media led to the isolation of 20 bacterial strains. Halophilic bacteria were screened for the production of antibacterial agent against multi-drug resistant strains of Escherichia coli through agar well diffusion assay. Halophilic bacteria DNA extraction was done by boiling method. The results showed that two Halomonas strains, LUH16 and LUH20 identified by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences were the potent producers of antimicrobial metabolites against various strains of E. coli. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of eight secondary metabolites with the relevant antimicrobial properties. Our findings led us to focus on Halomonas strains as potent producers of antimicrobial compound that might be an alternative against antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Vahid Fathipour; Bijan Esmaeilnejad; Gholamreza Habibi; Asghar Afshari; Mousa Tavassoli; Siyamak Asri-Rezaei; Mahmood Mollazadeh; Sepideh Rajabi
Volume 12, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 519-522
Abstract
A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu dog was submitted with the history of anorexia and depression for one week and no prior surgery. Fever and pale mucosa were noticed in physical examination. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained blood smear disclosed large form of Babesia and single to four pear-shaped ...
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A 2-year-old female Shih Tzu dog was submitted with the history of anorexia and depression for one week and no prior surgery. Fever and pale mucosa were noticed in physical examination. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained blood smear disclosed large form of Babesia and single to four pear-shaped merozoites within erythrocytes (RBCs). Regenerative anemia characterized by a marked reticulocytosis, significant intra-vascular hemolysis, nucleated RBCs, left-shifted neutrophils, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, high serum creatinine and urea concentrations were recorded following hemato-biochemical analysis. Abundant bilirubin crystals and abnormal reddish color after centrifugation were observed in urinalysis. Molecular analysis was performed using specific primers for detection of Babesia canis. Diminazene aceturate, ciprofloxacin, ivermectin and phosphorus-vitamin B12 were prescribed and the clinical signs improved after four days. Two months follow-up showed no recurrence. Such studies would significantly contribute to the development of appropriate preventive strategies and successful treatment. This communication reports a clinical case of canine babesiosis caused by B. canis in a female Shih Tzu dog.
Microbiology
Masoud Amini; Abdulghaffar Ownagh; amir Tokmachi; Manochehr Allymehr
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023
Abstract
The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the ...
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The poultry products are known as a resource of zoonotic and multi drug resistant pathogens, especially Salmonella spp. Using bacteriophages as an alternative antimicrobial agent are objective. Salmonella typhimurium isolate from turkey poults. The antibiotic susceptibility test was used identified the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The bacteriophage was purified, enhanced, and titrated using the Spot test and Double Layer Agar techniques after being isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse and sewage treatment facility. By determining the morphological characteristics of resulting plaque, the specificity and host range of the phage were studied on S. typhimurium isolates. The number of 22 suspected Salmonella isolates was confirmed biochemically positive in sample by cultures method. Nine of these isolates (40.90%) were identified as Salmonella typhimurium by Polymerase Chain Reaction. All of isolates (100%) were resistant to Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline, Kanamycin, Florfenicol, Rifampin, and Erythromycin. Seven isolates (77.70%) were resistant to Amoxicillin and Nalidixic acid. The plaques were present with a diameter of 3 ± 0.22 mm on the culture of 6 out of 9 (66.60%) isolates of S. typhimurium on the B.H.I broth medium using Double Layer Agar method. The amount of phage titer was 7.6 × 107 pfu/ mL and its Multiplicity of infection value was calculated as 5.06 × 10-2 based on obtained results. In place of antibiotics, the MDR S. typhimurium was successfully destroyed by the isolated bacteriophage from wastewater. In vitro settings were used in this investigation to identify the efficient bacteriophages against MDR S. typhimurium.
Microbiology
Deepthi Balam; Ratnamma Doddamane; Ramani Pushpa Rn; Shrikrishna Isloor; Veeregowda Bm
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 April 2024
Abstract
Since decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has become endemic in the poultry population of the Indian subcontinent. ND is a highly contagious disease of poultry and other avian species. However, the genetic nature of ND viruses circulating ...
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Since decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has become endemic in the poultry population of the Indian subcontinent. ND is a highly contagious disease of poultry and other avian species. However, the genetic nature of ND viruses circulating in the rock pigeons is unraveled. The present investigation is a part of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) surveillance in wild birds. Two velogenic NDV strains could be isolated from apparently healthy rock pigeons, thus establishing the status of carrier/ reservoir host. The fusion protein cleavage site in the fusion protein has multiple basic amino acid (RRRKRF) motifs similar to velogenic isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete fusion gene sequences confirmed that the isolates belong to NDV sub genotype XIII 2.2. Further analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions in the hypervariable region, heptad repeat regions and neutralizing epitopes of the fusion protein and heptad repeat regions and antigenic sites of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein that are critical for fusion. A unique D170A substitution in the neutralizing epitope is identified that is critical for structure and function of the fusion protein. Mutations within the virulence determinants including fusion (F) and HN, elucidate continuous evolution of the viruses among the rock pigeons. Accidental spillover of these mutated viruses into commercial poultry operations may result in disease outbreaks with economic breakdown.
Microbiology
Mohamed Mohamed Ali; Salwa Mahmoud Helmy; Hanan Ali Fahmy; Haitham Elaadli; Ibrahim Elsayed Eldesoukey
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 April 2024
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common etiological agents of mastitis worldwide. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus in mastitic milk samples collected from several camel farms located in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. ...
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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common etiological agents of mastitis worldwide. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus in mastitic milk samples collected from several camel farms located in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. In that context, a total of 200 mastitic camel milk samples were evaluated for S. aureus using a conventional culture-based method and a molecular-based approach. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates was investigated using the procedures of disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The antibiotic resistance genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction using particular primers. Of the samples screened, 60 (30%) were verified for S. aureus. S. aureus isolates displayed the highest level of resistance against Piperacillin-tazobactam (55%) followed by Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (45%) and Amoxycillin (40%). Fifty % of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The antimicrobial resistant determinants such as methicillin-resistant gene (mecA), beta-lactamase gene (blaZ), tetracycline resistance gene (tetK), erythromycin resistance gene (ermB) and vancomycin resistant gene (vanA) were detected in percentage of 100%, 100%, 95%, 90% and 20% of the isolates, respectively. In conclusion, the occurrence of multiple drug resistant S. aureus as a causative agent of clinical camel mastitis represents a major veterinary issue and also a potential public health hazard. Furthermore, the obtained findings unequivocally demonstrate the necessity for appropriate use of antibiotics in camel farms in Egypt and further molecular methodologies to identify the complete genetic profile for the recovered antimicrobial resistant S. aureus isolates.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Yousef Davoudi; Mohammad nouri; Mohammad Rahim Haji Hajikolaie; Shobeir Yazdani Paraei; Amir Javadi; Saleh Esmaeilzadeh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 May 2024
Abstract
In November 2021, a cattle farm located in Dasht-e-Moghan city of Ardabil province experienced a concerning incident. During the visit to the farm, 70 cows experienced stillbirths, abortions, and the births of calves with congenital abnormalities such as arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly To investigate ...
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In November 2021, a cattle farm located in Dasht-e-Moghan city of Ardabil province experienced a concerning incident. During the visit to the farm, 70 cows experienced stillbirths, abortions, and the births of calves with congenital abnormalities such as arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly To investigate the cause of this outbreak, brain tissue samples of two calves with hydranencephaly that died within days after their birth were analyzed. PCR testing was conducted for multiple viruses, including Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Border disease, Akabane, Schmallenberg, and Bluetongue viruses. The results indicated positive only for Akabane virus. Additionally, blood samples were collected from 60 cows and calves that were over 8 months old to determine the presence of antibodies against the Akabane and Schmallenberg viruses. Blood samples were collected from 60 cows and calves over 8 months of age. Due to limited facilities, only antibodies against Akaban and Schmallenberg viruses were examined using the Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). Out of the 60 cows and calves tested, 12 cows were found to have antibodies against the Akaban virus, and 15 cows had antibodies against the Schmallenberg virus. Interestingly, nine cows tested positive for both the Akaban and Schmallenberg viruses.In conclusion, based on clinical findings and results, it appears that the diagnosed disease is Akaban. However, it is important to note that further investigation is needed to determine the source of the virus and their transmission route.
Embryology
Ahmad reza raji; shadi Hashemnia; Ahmad ail Mohammadpour; Abolghasem Nabipour; zohre saddatfar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 May 2024
Abstract
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) is an important wild species highlighted in national and international livestock. This research was conducted to analyze the development of the ostrich respiratory system in fetal and embryonic stages. A total of 50 fertile ostrich eggs were collected from commercial farms. ...
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Ostrich (Struthio camelus) is an important wild species highlighted in national and international livestock. This research was conducted to analyze the development of the ostrich respiratory system in fetal and embryonic stages. A total of 50 fertile ostrich eggs were collected from commercial farms. They were incubated at 36–37°C and 25 ± 2% humidity for 40 days. Sections were taken in 13, 22, 26, 30, 36, and 42 days of incubation from the lung and the cranial, middle, and caudal parts of the neck after decapitation of ostrich embryos and blood drainage. After fixation, processing, blocking, and sectioning, all samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue (AB), Van Gieson, and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) techniques.It was concluded that the trachea in the 13-day-old embryo (E13) and goblet cells (PAS-positive and AB-positive) had incomplete rings of hyaline cartilages and differentiation of mesenchymal to the loose connective tissue.Bronchial stage of the lung in the E22, pseudo-glandular stage in the E26, and parabrachial and air capillary stage in the E30 were also observed. The information obtained here will be useful for diagnosing the pathologies affecting this vital system and results in improving industrial breeding management.
Small Animal Internal Medicine
seimyoung Han
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 May 2024
Abstract
A 7-year-old castrated male poodle was brought to the referral animal medical center and was diagnosed with diabetes and pancreatitis. One month later, the patient presented with cloudy urine, and ultrasonography revealed a large number of spherical substances. The patient was subsequently diagnosed ...
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A 7-year-old castrated male poodle was brought to the referral animal medical center and was diagnosed with diabetes and pancreatitis. One month later, the patient presented with cloudy urine, and ultrasonography revealed a large number of spherical substances. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with fungal cystitis with Candida albicans. Initially, itraconazole (10 mg/kg, bid) was prescribed for 6 weeks, and the symptoms of prolonged urination improved; however, the fungal balls persisted in the bladder. Six months later, the patient showed recurrent symptoms, such as dysuria and stranguria; therefore, fluconazole was prescribed (5 mg/kg, bid); however, it was not effective. Subsequently, caspofungin (1 mg/kg, sid) was administered for 3 consecutive days. Finally, the fungal balls in the bladder disappeared. The patient was regularly monitored after completion of treatment and, 17 months later, doing well without recurrence. Few reports exist on the use of caspofungin in veterinary medicine. The recommended dose of caspofungin in dogs remains unknown. In the case of azole-resistant Candida, treatment using caspofungin should be considered, although additional studies on the established dosing and side effects are needed.
Microbiology
Srivani Moturi; Lakshmi Kavitha Kommalapati; Muralidhar Metta; Venkata Seshaiah Chappidi; Srilakshmi Jatavathu
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lactobacillus species isolated from buffalo calves against multidrug-resistant Escherichia. coli (E. coli). A total of 252 rectal swabs were collected from healthy neonatal buffalo calves under 30 days old from six districts ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lactobacillus species isolated from buffalo calves against multidrug-resistant Escherichia. coli (E. coli). A total of 252 rectal swabs were collected from healthy neonatal buffalo calves under 30 days old from six districts of Andhra Pradesh, India in a completely randomized design for a period from August 2019 to August 2021, of which 190 Lactobacillus were isolated based on cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular testes. Among these isolates, 57 showed a high degree of auto-aggregation (>80%) and hydrophobicity (>60%) and 51 of the 57 isolates had a zone diameter of inhibition more than 15 mm against multidrug-resistant E. coli in Agar well diffusion assay. Out of 51 isolates, 36 were found to be acid and bile tolerant and showed varying levels of sensitivity to the antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. Among the 36 isolates, L. reuteri 178, L. reuteri 209, L. fermentum 182, L. fermentum 211, and L. plantarum 34 were non-haemolytic, and none of the isolates were able to hydrolyse gelatine. Therefore, these five autochthonous Lactobacillus species may be used in probiotic or synbiotic formulations against multidrug resistant E. coli in buffalo calves.
