Anatomy
Mohammad Mahdi Vashghani Farahani; Reza Farahani; Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar; Mahdi Ghatrehsamani; Seyed Kamran Ghoreishi; Behnam Hajihossainlou; Sufan Chien; Atarodsadat Mostafavinia; Fatemehalsadat Rezaei; Mohammad Bayat
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 93-100
Abstract
Osteoporosis is determined by decreased bone strength that increases the threat of fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alendronate (ALN), on the stereological parameters, and gene expression in callus of fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced ...
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Osteoporosis is determined by decreased bone strength that increases the threat of fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alendronate (ALN), on the stereological parameters, and gene expression in callus of fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (OVX). The OVX was induced in 90 female rats. Fourteen weeks later, a complete fracture on the right femur was made. Rats were divided into five groups: 1) control: no treatment; 2) sham: received daily distilled water; 3) daily 3.00 mg kg-1 ALN subcutaneously (SC); 4) daily 200 mg kg-1 PTX (SC) and 5) daily PTX (SC) + ALN (same doses). The osteoclast count was significantly lower in all treatment groups, at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the control and sham groups. The PTX significantly increased total callus volume at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the other groups. The PTX+ALN treatment significantly increased both cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers on day 56, compared to the control and sham groups. It can be concluded that PTX and ALN have antiresorptive effects, in OVX rats. Also, PTX has increased the extracellular matrix on both 21 and 56 days after surgery, compared to the other groups. PTX+ALN elevated cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers compared to the control and sham groups on day 56.
Microbiology
Meryem Cansu Yesiltas; Ilhan Altinok; Rafet Cagri Ozturk
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 101-107
Abstract
Lactococcosis disease incident caused by Lactococcus garvieae has been increased with increasing aquaculture productions and outbreaks of the disease have become a threat on farmed species. To prevent lactococcosis, inactivated vaccine has been used, however, it only provides protection when given by ...
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Lactococcosis disease incident caused by Lactococcus garvieae has been increased with increasing aquaculture productions and outbreaks of the disease have become a threat on farmed species. To prevent lactococcosis, inactivated vaccine has been used, however, it only provides protection when given by injection. Other than inactivated vaccine, various vaccines such as subunit vaccines can be developed. In the present study, total protein profile of 43 strains of L. garvieae isolated from fish, milk and cheese by SDS-PAGE and virulence associated immunogenic proteins of L. garvieae strains using western blot with hyper-immune rabbit sera were determined. After analyzing whole-cell lysate protein of L. garvieae strains with SDS-PAGE, protein bands were ranged between 8.00 and 140.00 kDA. Among strains, variable protein bands were ranged between 17.00 and 48.00 kDa with some variability in the staining intensity of the protein bands and formed in 6 clusters. The immunogenic protein bands were ranged between 25.00 - 75.00 kDa. Only a variable and highly immunogenic protein band was observed between 40.00 and 45.00 kDa. Most of the strain including Lgper had 44.00 kDa immunogenic protein while nonvirulent ATCC strain had 42.50 kDA immunogenic protein. Predominant immuno-reactive proteins encoded by genes can be used as a subunit vaccine.
Food Hygiene
Fatemeh Esmaeli; Hossein Tajik; Tooraj Mehdizadeh; Mahsa Maiely
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 109-117
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oil (EO) and extract of Pimpinella affinis on the shelf life of rainbow trout during storage at refrigerator temperature based on three indicators of microbial, chemical and sensory quality parameters were evaluated. For this ...
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In the present study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oil (EO) and extract of Pimpinella affinis on the shelf life of rainbow trout during storage at refrigerator temperature based on three indicators of microbial, chemical and sensory quality parameters were evaluated. For this purpose, fish samples were stored in zein coatings containing 1.00% EO and 2.00% extract and in combination treatment containing 1.00% of each of them in refrigerator for 12 days. All of treatments were analyzed for microbiological count (Enterobacteriaceae, psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and pseudomonas bacteria) and chemical including pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile base nitrogen, peroxide value (POV) and free fatty acids (FFAs) and sensory (odor, color and texture) characteristics. Results showed that the highest levels of three factors including TBARS, POV and FFAs were related to the control sample and the least amount of these parameters was observed in EO and extract combination treatments. This effect of combined treatment was also observed in the reduction of total volatile basic nitrogen and pH parameters. Total bacterial counts during storage in fish treated with the extract and EO were remained below the acceptable level and microbial spoilage was significantly decreased compared to control. According to the sensory evaluation, treatments containing EO and extract showed improvement in this index compared to control treatment during storage. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the EO and extract of P. affinis as active ingredients in zein coating successfully improve the quality and shelf life of the fish in the refrigerator.
Parasitology
Majid Khodaverdi; Gholamreza Razmi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 119-123
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infectionin stray cats and correlation with oocyst shedding and IFN-γ concentration. From April to August 2016, one hundred fifty-nine stray cats were captured from various localities in Mashhad area. The blood and ...
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The aim of the present study was to determine seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infectionin stray cats and correlation with oocyst shedding and IFN-γ concentration. From April to August 2016, one hundred fifty-nine stray cats were captured from various localities in Mashhad area. The blood and fecal samples were collected from each cat. The serum samples were examined to detect antibodies against T. gondii infection by ELISA assay and the fecal samples were microscopically examined for T. gondii oocyst detection. The concentration changes of IFN-γ in serum samples of seropositive and seronegative cats were measured using ELISA kit. The results showed that59.12% (94/159) of cats had antibodies against T. gondii infection. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in the adult cats above three years olds was higher than other groups. Regarding gender, month and region factors, the difference of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was not significant. In this study, the Toxoplasma/Hammondia like oocyst (THLO) were detected in 2.56% (4/156) in fecal samples of one seropositive and three seronegative cats. Results also showed that the mean value for IFN-γ concentration in the seropositive cats was significantly higher than that of the seronegative cats. Based on the results, the high percentages of stray cats were infected with T. gondii in this area. The IFN-γ concentration of seropositive cats was higher than that of the seronegative cats.
Theriogenology
Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi; Reza Asadpour; Amir Ali Shahbazfar; Sajjad Alizadeh
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 125-132
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a consequence of spermatic cord twisting which causes progressive damage to the structure of the testis and reduces sperm quality and usually results in infertility. In the present study, with the assumption of the protective effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone against ischemia-reperfusion ...
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Testicular torsion is a consequence of spermatic cord twisting which causes progressive damage to the structure of the testis and reduces sperm quality and usually results in infertility. In the present study, with the assumption of the protective effects of L-carnitine and betamethasone against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, their effects on twisted testicles were evaluated and compared. Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and used in this study. Except for the Sham (S) group, testicular IR was induced surgically in three other groups, including Control (C), Betamethasone (BM), and L-carnitine (LC) groups. Betamethasone and L-carnitine were injected before detorsion in the BM and LC groups, respectively. After twelve hours of reperfusion, the testicles were detached, and prepared for sperm parameters evaluation such as sperm count, motility, viability, morphology, and chromatin quality, and histopathologic evaluations, including mean seminiferous tubular diameter (MSTD), germinal epithelial cell thickness (GECT), and Johnsen’s mean testicular biopsy scoring (MTBS). The MSTD, GECT, and healthy sperms in the C group were significantly lower than the other groups, while the BM and LC groups were significantly different from others in MTBS. The number of sperms and sperm motility in the BM group was significantly higher than the C group. Sperm viability in the BM and LC groups were significantly higher than the C group. The results of this study showed that both L-carnitine and betamethasone similarly can be effective in treating testicular IR injuries.
Physiology
Leila Zarei; saied Mahdavi Rad; Amin Abollahzade Fard
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 133-138
Abstract
Obesity causes many problems such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of retinoic acid and atorvastatin co-administration in kidneys protection against high-fat diet induced damage. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (200.00 ± 20.00 g) were ...
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Obesity causes many problems such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of retinoic acid and atorvastatin co-administration in kidneys protection against high-fat diet induced damage. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (200.00 ± 20.00 g) were divided into five groups: 1) Control (standard diet), 2) High-fat diet (cholesterol 1.00%, 75 days), 3) High-fat diet + atorvastatin (20.00 mg kg-1 per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), 4) High-fat diet + retinoic acid (5 mg kg-1per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), and 5) High fat diet + atorvastatin and retinoic acid. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. The results showed that atorvastatin and retinoic acid alone and in combination decreased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in high-fat diet. Also, atorvastatin – caused total antioxidant capacity increase and protein carbonyl content decrease the in the renal tissue. Atorvastatin also prevented high-fat diet-induced renal histological injury. Treatment with atorvastatin significantly mitigates high-fat diet-induced renal changes probably due to its potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. The effect of retinoic acid in renal protection in a high-fat diet is far less than that of atorvastatin. The protective effect of the combination of these two agents in the high-fat diet on the kidneys seems to be due to the effect of atorvastatin.
Poultry
Seyed Sattar Jalali; Alireza Talebi; Manoochehr Allymer; Ali Soleimanzadeh; Mazdak Razi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 139-144
Abstract
Fertility is one of the most important parameters in breeder farms and cockerels play an outstanding role in fertility of eggs in broiler breeder units. Todays, supplementation of feed-additives such as organic selenium is used to increase fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ...
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Fertility is one of the most important parameters in breeder farms and cockerels play an outstanding role in fertility of eggs in broiler breeder units. Todays, supplementation of feed-additives such as organic selenium is used to increase fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of Nano-Selenium (Nano-Se) on expression of molecular markers of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in testis of broiler breeder males. A total of 30 roosters of 40 weeks age were randomly divided into 5 groups. Groups were as follow: 1) control (normal diet), 2) diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg sodium Selenite, 3) diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg Nano-Se, 4) diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Nano-Se and 5) diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg Nano-Se. At the end of experimental period, birds autopsied and samples from testis of all birds were taken. The samples were used to examine the β1-integrin (CD29), thy-1(CD90 and NANOG mRNA expression by quantitative Real-Time PCR. The results of this study showed that testis of the groups fed with diets supplemented with 0.6mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg of Nano-Se had the highest and lowest mRNA expression of SSCs markers, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Nano-Se had advantages to sodium Selenite and 0.6 mg/kg of Nano-Se supplemented in males' diet in broiler breeders farms may contributes to optimal fertility via increasing mRNA expression of SSCs markers of roosters' testis and could be used to delay reduction of fertility caused by aging in broiler breeder males.
Nutrition
Afrooz Sharifi; Morteza Chaji; Alirez Vakili
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 145-152
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) treated with different levels of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a tannin source on cellulolytic bacterial population and rumen fermentation parameters of fattening lambs. For this purpose, twenty-eight Arabian lambs ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recycled poultry bedding (RPB) treated with different levels of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a tannin source on cellulolytic bacterial population and rumen fermentation parameters of fattening lambs. For this purpose, twenty-eight Arabian lambs (19.70 ± 2.45 kg body weight, 90 ± 12 days of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Recycled poultry bedding was treated with PPE at four levels of 0 (control), 20.00, 25.00 and 30.00% on DM basis. Bacterial populations were enumerated by DNA extraction of samples of rumen liquor followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Also, rumen samples were evaluated for pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentrations. The populations of total bacteria, Ruminococcusalbus and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased significantly as the level of PPE in the diet increased, however, the population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens was not affected. Dietary treatments did not have effect on ruminal pH, while AN concentration was decreased in the diets containing RPB treated with PPE compared to the control. Concentrations of total VFA and individual VFA remained unchanged by PPE-treated RPB inclusion in the diet. In conclusion, supplementing RPB with PPE improved nitrogen metabolism of fattening lambs, however, it decreased population of rumen cellulolytic bacteria R. flavefaciens.
Theriogenology
Abolfazl Mohammadi; Hesam Seifi; Nima Farzaneh
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 153-158
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of administrating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and GnRH at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the pregnancy survival rate of dairy cows. A number of 830 lactating Holstein cows were ...
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The present study aimed to determine the effect of administrating prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and GnRH at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and the pregnancy survival rate of dairy cows. A number of 830 lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups. Cows in group 1 (n=200) treated with 150 µg d-cloprostenol. In group 2 (n=212), cows received 10 µg buserelin acetate, and group 3 (n=205) was treated with both 150 µg d-cloprostenol and 10 µg buserelin acetate. In addition, 213 cows were assigned as control group which received normal saline as placebo (group 4). To measure progesterone, milk samples were collected at the insemination day and five days later. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 28 and 60 days after the insemination, and the size and number of corpus luteum (CL) and twin pregnancies were recorded. Hormone therapies had no effect on the P/AI, pregnancy survival rate, and the size and number of CL. The P/AI ratio in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 38.50%, 42.92%, 41.46% and 40.84%, and the pregnancy survival rates in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 84.42%, 86.81%, 88.23% and 83.91%, respectively. The probability of a twin pregnancy was significantly higher in group 1 (15.58%) than other groups. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the offspring gender. In conclusion, the administration of d-cloprostenol or buserelin acetate at the time of AI had no effect on P/AI and pregnancy survival rate in dairy cattle under no heat stress condition, while the administration of d-cloprostenol increased the probability of twin pregnancies.
Histology
Ramin Jahangirfard; Ali Shalizar; Rasoul Shahrooz; Gholamreza Najafi; Aram Minas
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 159-163
Abstract
In order to conduct this study, eight adult turkey heads were obtained. Pituitary glands were harvested following cranial bones removal and examined morphologically and anatomically as well as topographically. Then, tissue sections were prepared and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian blue, orange ...
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In order to conduct this study, eight adult turkey heads were obtained. Pituitary glands were harvested following cranial bones removal and examined morphologically and anatomically as well as topographically. Then, tissue sections were prepared and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian blue, orange G and periodic acid-Schiff staining techniques. The results showed that turkey pituitary gland as a pea-sized structure is located in the ventral part of the cerebrum and composed of adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis parts. Moreover, histological analyses revealed that sinusoids are well-developed at the distal part of the adenohypophysis and irregular masses of endocrine cells exist among them. Distributions of basophilic cells in the distal part of adenohypophysis were significantly higher than those of other endocrine cells, while the acidophilic cells had the lowest distribution. Lower and higher numbers of chromophobe cells were also found compared to those of basophilic and acidophilic cells, respectively. These findings were mostly similar to the other birds’ pituitary gland anatomical and histological features, but there were also differences in cellular elements distributions along with infundibular cavity topography.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Mohammad Darvish Khadem; Aria Rasooli; Alireza Ghadrdan Mashhadi; Ali Shahriari; Babak Mohammadian; Farid Barati
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 165-168
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a main general health problem in developing countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Hemiscorpius lepturus as a member of the Hemiscorpiidae family is cause of the most scorpion sting lethality in Iran. In the present study, the oxidative stress and antioxidant ...
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Scorpion envenomation is a main general health problem in developing countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Hemiscorpius lepturus as a member of the Hemiscorpiidae family is cause of the most scorpion sting lethality in Iran. In the present study, the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in serum of envenomated sheep with the venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus were investigated. Nine sheep were randomly divided into three groups (three in each). Groups A, B and C received 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 mg kg-1 of H. lepturus venom subcutaneously, respectively. Blood sampling were performed 30 min before envenomation (control) and 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 6 hr after envenomation and serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) were determined. The TAC was significantly increased at the doses of 0.10 mg kg-1 (at 3 hr) and 0.05 mg kg-1 (at 6 hr) compared to pre-injection time. However, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of MDA and PCO in different groups. It can be concluded that the dose of 0.01 mg kg-1 of venom had no effect on stress factors of serum, but according to increased level of TAC at the doses of 0.05 and 0.10 and no significant changes in serum levels of MDA and PCO, the oxidative damage has been prevented by the antioxidant defense system response.
Poultry
Guang Zhao; Tingting Huang; Di Wu; Liwu Zhang; Zeli Luo; Jia Liu; Xiaowei Yang
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 169-172
Abstract
Duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) is a newly emerged disease in China since 2015. In October 2017, an unidentified disease occurred in Cherry Valley ducks, Chongqing municipality, the southwest of China. The affected birds showed short beak and growth retardation clinical signs. The disease ...
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Duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) is a newly emerged disease in China since 2015. In October 2017, an unidentified disease occurred in Cherry Valley ducks, Chongqing municipality, the southwest of China. The affected birds showed short beak and growth retardation clinical signs. The disease caused approximately 20.00% morbidity and serious weight loss due to retarded growth. In order to identify the causative agent of BADS, liver, spleen, lung and heart samples were collected for virus isolation, hemagglutination test, PCR identification, and partial gene sequencing. The isolated virus was tentatively named SC16. Hemagglutination test indicated that the virus was negative to chicken red blood cells. Based on the PCR and sequencing results, the causative agent of BADS was a novel duck-origin goose parvovirus (DGPV) while no another co-infection pathogen was found in this case. Further analysis could provide insights into the control strategies of DGPV in ducks.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Amir Zakian; Sajad Mami; Mohammad Nouri; Seyedeh Misagh Jalali; Meysam Tehrani-Sharif
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 173-176
Abstract
A 3-year-old pregnant Arabian mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with a history of bleeding and rodenticide ingestion. The results of paraclinical examinations showed severe normocytic and normochromic anemia, decreased serum total protein, albumin, ...
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A 3-year-old pregnant Arabian mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with a history of bleeding and rodenticide ingestion. The results of paraclinical examinations showed severe normocytic and normochromic anemia, decreased serum total protein, albumin, and fibrinogen concentrations, increased serum total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine concentrations, as well as increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity. Three days after treatment, all the clinical signs were resolved, however, fetus abortion occurred. In order to confirm the suspected cause of abortion and toxicosis, high-performance liquid chromatography was performed on serum sample of mare and liver tissue of the aborted fetus and toxicosis was confirmed. Poisoning with brodifacoum is considered as an important and lethal poisoning for both human being and animals.To our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous toxicosis and abortion with brodifacoum. Brodifacoum toxicosis can be effectively managed with early diagnosis, good paraclinical examinations and appropriate treatment.
Large Animal Internal Medicine
Alireza Rahmani; Abbas Raisi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2019, Pages 177-179
Abstract
One of the reasons of weight loss and poor performance in horses is decrease in food intake. Oral cavity problems can cause malfunctions in prehension and deglutition resulting in dysphagia. There are few published reports about a metallic foreign body disorders in the oral cavity of horses due to an ...
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One of the reasons of weight loss and poor performance in horses is decrease in food intake. Oral cavity problems can cause malfunctions in prehension and deglutition resulting in dysphagia. There are few published reports about a metallic foreign body disorders in the oral cavity of horses due to an important role of their flexible lip and incisor teeth in food selection and prehension. This report describes the history, clinical, hematological and radiographic findings and surgical management of a left oral wall fistula formation due to a piece of wire penetration in a pregnant mare. The wire was removed through surgical intervention in a standing position of the horse under mild sedation and local anesthesia. One-month follow-up examination showed that the mare had regained her previous work performance with no post-operative complication. Precise oral examination and using an ancillary diagnostic device such as radiography can be suggested for oral cavity pathologies detection and accurate diagnosis in horses.
