Veterinary Research Forum

Abstract The microbiological and biochemical changes occurred during the fermentation of camel milk inoculated by three selected bacterial starter, were investigated as well as the sensory evaluation of the product. Milk samples were collected from camel herds of southeastern of Iran. Chr. Hansen ABT-10 starter including Lactobacillus acidophillus, Biphidobacterum biphidum and Sterptococcus thermophilusin ratio of 0.50 g per 100 mL of camel milk was added. This fermented product was examined at the 0, 3^rd, 6^th and 9^th days for microbiological, biochemical and sensory evaluations. The results showed the number of starter bacteria was maintained at least 10⁶ CFU mL^-1 during nine test days. It was shown that it could be used as fermented-probiotic drink. The product did not show any microbial contamination. The acidity and protein amount of produced drink showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in different test days. Fat, solids-not-fat and ash amount of the product showed significant differences at the ninths’ test day compared to the zero test day (p < 0.05). Organoleptic properties of product including flavor, color, odor, consistency, mouth feel and overall acceptance were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Therefore, the produced fermented–probiotic drink, in addition to keep maintenance and increased nutritional quantity value, was accepted by consumers in terms of organoleptic properties and it could be used as a healthy and functional drink.

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes as one of the most important pathogen in public health concerns is transmitted through consumption of contaminated food. The pathogen has been considered as a potential source of contamination of raw milk and dairy products. This research was aimed to investigate prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw milk in Kerman region. In the summer of 2011, a total number of one hundred raw milk samples were collected from bulk tanks of some dairy farms and tested foriap and actA genes using polymerase chain reaction. Among the 100 samples, five isolates (5.0%) were detected as L. monocytogenes based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Considering the low frequency of L. monocytogenes in this study, raw milk cannot be omitted as a potential source of food contamination for the population of the region. To achieve more accurate isolation, identification and control of L. monocytogenes in raw milk, it is suggested that new standard laboratory methods be implemented as well as biosafety outreach programs, management techniques and education.

Abstract Milk is often described as a complete food because it contains protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, and minerals. This study was performed to investigate risk factors affecting chemical and bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk. According to the following conducted experiments, the milk was divided into two standard and non-standard groups. Then, effect of risk factors on making the samples non-standard was studied. Risk factors such as type of milk delivery unit, distance of cattle farm from plant, size of herd, education level of stockbreeders, capacity of milk transport tank, capacity of cooler device, and number of workers employed in cattle farms were evaluated in this study. Microbial and chemical evaluations were performed. Beta-lactam antibiotic residues and somatic cell count were specified. At the same time, the stockbreeders who referred to the plant were given some questionnaires and the mentioned primary questions were asked. After collecting the data, logistic regression model was used. According to the obtained results and comparison with Iran’s national standard, 26 out of 109 samples were determined to be at standard level and 83 ones had at least one out-of-standard factor. The results obtained from the model demonstrated significant effect of education of stockbreeders and capacity of cooler devices on the milk quality. Education of stockbreeders could greatly affect management of a cattle farm unit.