Genetic
Qiang Liu; Yue-Yang Yu; Huai-Yu Wang
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), belonging to the betaretrovirus genus of the retroviridae family, includes both exogenous and endogenous jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses (exJSRV and enJSRV, respectively). At the proviral genome level, exJSRV and enJSRV strains have a high degree of similarity with ...
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The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), belonging to the betaretrovirus genus of the retroviridae family, includes both exogenous and endogenous jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses (exJSRV and enJSRV, respectively). At the proviral genome level, exJSRV and enJSRV strains have a high degree of similarity with their main variation regions being the LTR, gag, and env genes. In this study, for the first time, we investigated and compared the distribution of CpG islands between these enJSRV and exJSRV strains. Specifically, we analyzed a total of 42 full-length JSRV genomic sequences obtained from the GenBank® database to identify CpG islands in the exJSRV and enJSRV genomes using the MethPrimer software. Our results showed that the CpG islands in the two JSRV strains were mainly distributed in the LTR, gag, and env genes. In exJSRVs, 66.66% (6/9), 33.33% (3/9), and 100% (9/9) of the sequences presented at least one CpG island in LTR, gag, env genes, respectively, and for enJSRVs, 84.84% (28/33), 57.57% (19/33), and 96.96% (32/33) of the sequences presented at least one CpG island in the LTR, gag, and env genes. These findings suggested that the distribution, length, and genetic traits of CpG islands were different for the exJSRV and enJSRV strains. In future, it would be necessary to demonstrate the biological significance of CpG islands within these genes in exJSRV and enJSRV genomes. This will enhance understanding regarding the potential role of CpG islands in epigenetic regulation.
Physiology
Fereshteh Anbarian; Esmaeal Tamaddonfard; amir erfanparast; Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 01 October 2023
Abstract
The cerebellum and its deep nuclei contribute to the regulation of important functions including motor coordination and pain. Histamine modulates some functions of the fastigial nucleus (FN) such as motor coordination. In this study, by application of histamine and activation of its H1 and H2 receptors, ...
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The cerebellum and its deep nuclei contribute to the regulation of important functions including motor coordination and pain. Histamine modulates some functions of the fastigial nucleus (FN) such as motor coordination. In this study, by application of histamine and activation of its H1 and H2 receptors, the FN processing of visceral pain, general locomotor activity and motor coordination were targeted. The possible mechanism of action was followed by the inhibition of opioid receptors. The right and left sides of the FN were surgically implanted with guide cannulas. Immediately after an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1.00 mL, 1.00%), the first writhing onset latency and the writhing number over 60 min were recorded. Open-field and rotarod tests were applied for general locomotor and motor coordination assessment, respectively. Histamine and dimaprit (H2 receptor agonist) increased first writhing onset latency, decreased the writhing number and increased falling time from the rod. These effects were prevented by ranitidine (H2 receptor antagonist) pre-treatment. Significant alterations were not observed by histamine H1 receptor agonist (2-pyridylethylamine) and antagonist (mepyramine). Naloxone, with no effect on falling time from the rod, inhibited the antinociceptive effects of histamine and dimaprit. Beam break number was not affected by the above-mentioned treatments. Based on the results, it can be suggested that histamine H2, but not H1 receptors at the FN might have had an inhibitory role on acetic acid-induced visceral pain and improved motor coordination. The antinociception, but not motor coordination might be mediated by FN opioid receptors.
Small Animal Surgery
Jean Carlos dos Santos da Luz; Ana Claudia Voges; Leandro Guariglia D'Agostino
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Melanocytoma and malignant melanoma are the most typical eye tumors in dogs and cats. Due to the presence of melanin, the general appearance is often highly pigmented in a nodular formation with well-defined borders. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a therapy combining reversible electroporation and anti-neoplastic ...
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Melanocytoma and malignant melanoma are the most typical eye tumors in dogs and cats. Due to the presence of melanin, the general appearance is often highly pigmented in a nodular formation with well-defined borders. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a therapy combining reversible electroporation and anti-neoplastic drugs to enhance their cytotoxic effects through increasing cellular uptake by the electroporated tumor cells. In this article, the use of adjuvant ECT for the treatment of canine ocular melanoma is reported. The pre-surgical exams (blood count, renal and liver functions, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram) were within the normal range, as were the chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound without signs of metastases. On the day of the surgery, an excisional biopsy of the tumor was performed without safety margins by keratectomy associated with conjunctivectomy and adjuvant ECT in the surgical site and peri-tumoral region. The animal was followed for approximately 7 months and remained without evidence of tumor recurrence. A complete resolution of corneal opacification was also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of ECT in an ocular neoplasm. From a comparative oncology perspective, this report opens the way for future therapeutic approaches in superficial ocular cancers in veterinary and human medicine.
Poultry
Fabian-Ricardo Gómez-De-Anda; Nancy Guadalupe Flores-Jiménez; Jorge Luis de-la-Rosa-Arana; Andrea-Paloma Zepeda-Velázquez
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 30 August 2023
Abstract
The different microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota of birds can be present in different substrates such as the soil and other elements that make up the habitat. In the case of the cattle egret, the intestinal microbiota can change due to partially migratory habits. Thus, this study aimed ...
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The different microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota of birds can be present in different substrates such as the soil and other elements that make up the habitat. In the case of the cattle egret, the intestinal microbiota can change due to partially migratory habits. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identified fungi and yeasts with zoonotic potential obtained from cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) droppings settler in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, at Eastern economic zone of Mexico. Cattle egret droppings were collected for analysis, a total of 240 pool samples, which were spread on Sabouraud agar and incubated at 25.00 - 37.00 ˚C for 2 to 3 days. Filamentous fungi and yeast were identified by morphology and Lactophenol Blue staining or Chinese Ink stains. Filamentous fungi genera Mucor spp. (42.35%), Rhizopus spp. (26.71%); Penicillium spp. (13.35%); Paecilomyces spp. (11.40%); Scedosporium spp. (1.95%); and, from yeasts such as Cryptococcus spp. (2.29%); Rhodotorula spp. (1.95%) were identified. In this work, the presence of filamentous fungi genera and yeasts with zoonotic potential were isolated from droppings of cattle egret. The clinical presentation of fungal infections in humans can occur when immunosuppression is present or different predisposition factors are conjugated. The presence of birds and their dropping in anthropogenic activities is not a predisposing factor for the presentation of the disease in immunologically competent humans.
Anesthesiology
Siamak Kazemi-Darabadi; Soudeh Tavakkoli; Yousef Panahi; Hamid Akbari
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Lidocaine toxicity is caused by unintended intravascular injection or overdose. Lidocaine is metabolized in the liver by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme. The objective was to investigate if the administration of rifampin could accelerate animal recovery and reduce the symptoms of lidocaine toxicity by induction ...
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Lidocaine toxicity is caused by unintended intravascular injection or overdose. Lidocaine is metabolized in the liver by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme. The objective was to investigate if the administration of rifampin could accelerate animal recovery and reduce the symptoms of lidocaine toxicity by induction of the CYP3A4. Thirty-six male rats were divided into control and treatment groups, each containing three subgroups. The treatment group received oral rifampin suspension daily for 1 week. In all rats, 2.00% lidocaine was injected intravenously. The first subgroup was monitored for neurological symptoms. In the second subgroup, data were recorded after the electrode was placed in the right hippocampus. Electrocardiograms were taken from the third subgroup. CYP3A4 was measured using an ELISA kit. Neurological recovery was seen after 22 and 15 min in the control and treatment groups, respectively. Rifampin also caused a significant reduction in amplitude and number of field action potentials compared to the control group. Numerous cardiac arrhythmias were observed in the control group. The mean level of CYP3A4 in the treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, oral rifampin could increase the synthesis of CYP3A4, therefore, the animal recovery from lidocaine toxicity was accelerated.
Pathology
Emin Karakurt; Nuvit Coskun; Uğur Aydın; Serpil Dağ; Enver Beytut; Veysel Soydal Ataseven; Volkan Yılmaz; Fırat Doğan; Hilmi Nuhoğlu; Celal Şahin Ermutlu; Ayfer Yıldız
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 July 2023
Abstract
This study was aimed at the evaluation of cell proliferation, the p53 tumor-suppressor gene and the apoptosis index by immunohistochemical methods in canine oral papillomatosis. The study material comprised of tumor tissue samples taken from six dogs, which were admitted to the Pathology Department. ...
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This study was aimed at the evaluation of cell proliferation, the p53 tumor-suppressor gene and the apoptosis index by immunohistochemical methods in canine oral papillomatosis. The study material comprised of tumor tissue samples taken from six dogs, which were admitted to the Pathology Department. Choice of immunohistochemical staining was avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Cases of canine oral papillomatosis, determined to have been caused by CPV-1, were found to have a rather high cell proliferation index, Proliferating Cell Nucleus Antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, all cases were immunohistochemically demonstrated to carry a mutant p53 gene. Despite the mutation of the p53 gene, the shift in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of the dogs diagnosed with tumor was in favor of the proapoptotic Bax gene. The apoptotic mechanism was determined to occur through both the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. While the lesions occupied the entire oral cavity in some cases, histopathologically, malignant transformation was not detected in any of the 6 cases.
Pathology
Amir-Ali Shahbazfar; Marzieh Heidarieh; Samira shahbazi; Hamed Askari
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Trichoderma species are considered as biological control agents against numerous phytopathogenic fungi. They are also helpful for plants as plant symbiont. This study aimed to identify harmful effects of Trichoderma in laboratory animals.In the first step, inhalation toxicity was studied. 1- Six rats ...
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Trichoderma species are considered as biological control agents against numerous phytopathogenic fungi. They are also helpful for plants as plant symbiont. This study aimed to identify harmful effects of Trichoderma in laboratory animals.In the first step, inhalation toxicity was studied. 1- Six rats as control received a spray of bio-formulation without spores. 2- Ten rats as treatment A received 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. 3- Ten rats as treatment B received 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. The harmful effects of Trichoderma were obvious especially in the lungs, liver, and kidney, and some blood parameters were abnormal. In the second step, we studied acute oral toxicity by gavage. 1-Four rats as control received bio-formulation without spores. 2- Six rats as treatment A received 106 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores. 3-Six rats as treatment B received 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores .The harmful effects of Trichoderma were noticeable more in the liver and kidney tissues. For dermal toxicity study, 1- two rabbits as control received bioformulation without spores by rubbing on the surface of the skin. 2 and 3- Treatment groups A and B received 106 and 107 CFU per test of Trichoderma spores, respectively (four rabbits for each group). The liver and kidney and some blood parameters were abnormal. Trichoderma has some harmful effects on tissues and organs and although it is a natural product, it should be used under cautions.
Fish & Aquatic
Alireza Afzali-Kordmahalleh; Saeed Meshkini
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The use of various antioxidants to improve fish growth and health has increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol antioxidant on improving rainbow trout health by investigating its effects on digestive enzymes, liver enzymes, and biochemical parameters of rainbow ...
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The use of various antioxidants to improve fish growth and health has increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol antioxidant on improving rainbow trout health by investigating its effects on digestive enzymes, liver enzymes, and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout blood. Accordingly, 225 juvenile rainbow trout with an average body weight of 10 ± 1.5 g were stored in 9 tanks. The study was performed in a completely randomized plan with 3 treatments of 0, 400, and 800 mg of resveratrol antioxidant per kilogram of food with 3 replications. During the experiment, fish were fed based on their body weight percentage using standard feeding tables, and the calculated rations were provided to the fish in 3 meals for 8 weeks. Nine fish were randomly selected from each treatment at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks of the experiment. The present study showed that 800-mg resveratrol treatment significantly increased lipase enzyme activity (31.400 ± 0.322-U/mg protein) compared to the control group (29.922 ± 0.523-U/mg protein) in the eighth week. Also, this treatment of resveratrol in the eighth week significantly increased the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 123.045 ± 1.570 mg/dL) in the blood compared to the control group (97.055 ± 1.463 mg/dL; P < 0.05). In addition, 800-mg resveratrol treatment effectively reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, cortisol, and cholesterol (P < 0.05).
Diagnostic Imaging
Keramat Allah Khaledi; Ali Mirshahi; Kamran Sardari; Mohammad Azizzadeh; Samaneh Ghasemi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The Turkmen horse is one of the oldest breeds in the world. The Turkmen horse has unique characteristics in agility, endurance, and jump, which was publicly acclaimed. Laminitis affects the limbs and decreases athletic performance. Radiographic evaluation is essential to confirm the sinking diagnosis ...
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The Turkmen horse is one of the oldest breeds in the world. The Turkmen horse has unique characteristics in agility, endurance, and jump, which was publicly acclaimed. Laminitis affects the limbs and decreases athletic performance. Radiographic evaluation is essential to confirm the sinking diagnosis in every breed of a horse suffering from laminitis. Since no information about distal phalanx radiographic measurements in this breed has been reported, the current study was designed and conducted. The present study selected 24 clinically sound registered Turkmen horses of both sexes (15 mares and 9 stallions). Lateromedial radiographic views of both front distal phalanges were taken, focusing on the distal phalanx. After magnification correction, images were used to measure founder distances and other distal phalanx radiographic measurements using an image processing program. There was no significant difference between radiographic measurements of the left and right front feet. The founder distance had a significant positive correlation with weight. The horses under 3 years of age had a greater U angle than the horses over the age of three significantly. Also, PCl (Palmarocortical length) in the Turkmen stallions was significantly higher than in the Turkmen mares. In this investigation, PCL in horses under the age of three was significantly lower than in horses over 3 years. The values determined in this study can be used as baseline data of front feet in Turkmen horses.
Theriogenology
Mohammadhamed Shahsavari; Gholamali Moghaddam; Kele Amaral Alves; Benner Geraldo alves; Laritza Ferreira de Lima; Golshan Azimi; Deysi jouana Dipaz Berrocal; Lucina Mascena Silva; Yago Pinto da Silva; Diego Alberto Montano Vizcarra; José Richardo de Figuereido; Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Although cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has advanced greatly, it remains a challenge, and protocols should be optimized to handle the heterogeneous nature of ovarian samples. In an effort to address this factor, the present study evaluated the effects of corpus luteum (CL) and side of ovaries (right ...
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Although cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has advanced greatly, it remains a challenge, and protocols should be optimized to handle the heterogeneous nature of ovarian samples. In an effort to address this factor, the present study evaluated the effects of corpus luteum (CL) and side of ovaries (right versus left) on cellular morphology and viability of vitrified bovine ovarian fragments in a closed system. The ovaries were categorized according to whether they had a CL and which side they were on, and then divided into six groups: 1) CL+ (with CL) group; 2) CL− (without CL) group; 3) right ovaries group; 4) left ovaries group;5) fresh control group (ovaries without vitrification or culture that were not selected for CL or ovarian side) and 6) In vitro culture medium control group (non-vitrified ovaries that were not selected for the presence or absence of CL or side of the ovaries). The ovarian tissue Cryosystem was used to vitrify the ovarian fragments. Ovarian tissues were intended for viability and histological tests, and immunohistochemistry was performed to immunolocalize Aquaporin 3 and connexin 43 and 37. The current study shows that the CL− and right groups had the greatest percentage of follicles with normal morphology compared to other vitrified-warmed groups. Furthermore, the levels of necrosis and tissue damage of the right cultured group were the lowest compared to other groups. For the first time, the present study suggests that bovine ovarian tissue vitrification can be improved by considering the origin of the ovaries.
Microbiology
Yongxiang Liu; Lide Qin; Xiaoliang Hu; Yanmei Jiang
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen seriously affecting the upper respiratory tract and producing oral diseases in the feline. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. In this study, the FCV qd/2019/china was isolated from a domestic feline oropharyngeal ...
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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen seriously affecting the upper respiratory tract and producing oral diseases in the feline. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. In this study, the FCV qd/2019/china was isolated from a domestic feline oropharyngeal swab collected from Qingdao, China. The virus was purified using the plaque assay and identified using the PCR and IFA methods, the capsid amino acid, VP1 of qd/2019/china showed sequence identity with the other isolates ranging between 83.9% (ym3/2001/jp) to 91.1% (CH-JL4). The sequence of the capsid amino acid revealed qd/2019/china to be closely related to CH-JL4 and clustered with CH-JL4 in the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the complete genome (GenBank accession No. MZ322896) of qd/2019/china and CH-JL4 was also classified into the same cluster. While the recombination analysis with Simplot indicated that the qd/2019/china originated from the recombination of CH-JL4 and HRB-SS, and the region 3821–5301 nt originated from HRB-SS. Further, the region 3821–5301 nt were found to belong to the protease-polymerase (PP) of HRB-SS. Here, we isolated a new recombinant virus, FCV qd/2019/china. Therefore, these results would be beneficial for understanding the evolution of FCV.
Microbiology
Somayeh Bahrami; Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi; Nader Mosavari; Fattah Sotoodehnejad; Mohammad Eslampanah
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The new strategies for vaccine development such as fused protein multi-epitope capable of preventing reactivation of latent Tuberculosis infection (LTBi) can be an effective strategy for controlling TB worldwide. This study was performed to diagnose LTBi in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of ...
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The new strategies for vaccine development such as fused protein multi-epitope capable of preventing reactivation of latent Tuberculosis infection (LTBi) can be an effective strategy for controlling TB worldwide. This study was performed to diagnose LTBi in Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of Karaj, Iran, from January 2020 to October 2020. In this study, 19 female BALB/c mice in three groups were injected with 0.5 mL of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After three weeks, the lung and spleen samples of infected mice were examined. The post-exposure and therapeutic-exposure protective effects of LC3-fused protein multi-epitope against TB were evaluated. The lungs and spleens of the mice were aseptically removed after death for histopathogy analysis. The bacterial colonies were counted, and the cells were stained after three weeks of incubation. No significant differences were observed between the groups in post-exposure and therapeutic-exposure groups. The pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice in the post-exposure and therapeutic-exposure groups included an increase in the thickness of interalveolar septa, hyperemia, and intraparenchymal pulmonary hemorrhage centers (positive control), scattered hyperemic areas (negative control), and hyperemia in the interstitial tissue, scattered hyperemic areas in the lung parenchyma and lymphocytic infiltration centers (experimental group). The flow cytometry of the post-exposure and therapeutic-exposure models showed insignificant changes in all three groups.It seems necessary to develop a post-exposure and therapeutic-exposure vaccine strategy focusing on LTBi to prevent the progression of the active disease. In this regard, multi-epitope vaccines should be designed to induce both cellular and humoral immunity.
Physiology
Xiuxiang Meng; Songwei Lin; Junsheng Li; Liquan Shen; Haoxiang GAO; Jiayi Wu; Qingxin Lv; Xin Zhou
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Activity patterns and time budgets are adaptions to an environment and have an impact on the successful farming and management of animals. From October 2nd to 16th, 2021, the behavior patterns of 53 forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) recorded throughout the day and night were analyzed. The results ...
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Activity patterns and time budgets are adaptions to an environment and have an impact on the successful farming and management of animals. From October 2nd to 16th, 2021, the behavior patterns of 53 forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) recorded throughout the day and night were analyzed. The results showed an obvious dawn–dusk activity rhythm in the captive forest musk deer, in which the activity peaked at dawn (07:00-10:00) and dusk (16:00-19:00), in addition to slightly smaller activity peaks with a duration shorter than 1 hour at night (00:00-04:00). Except for rumination behavior, the behavior ratios in the peak periods were significantly different with those in the off-peak period. Furthermore, it was found that there were no significant differences in the behavior ratios of the forest musk deer between the daytime and night-time, and the percentages of time spent performing locomotion (32.87±3.38%), feeding (14.43±1.81%), and rumination (5.62±1.46%) during the daytime were slightly higher than those in the night-time. In the practice of forest musk deer farming, the management of musk deer should match the activity patterns and behavioral rhythms of the animals to improve the farming outputs and the welfare of captive forest musk deer.
Microbiology
Mehrnoosh Gadir; Seyed Mahmoud Azimi Dezfouli; Naser Harzandi; Behzad Hemati; Neda Eskandarzade
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Despite widespread vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), many outbreaks still occur in endemic areas. We attempted to determine the genetic and antigenic properties of the O/PanasiaII/Qom-15 FMDV new vaccine strain. Thus, whole-genome sequencing was used to identify vulnerable pinpoint sites ...
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Despite widespread vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), many outbreaks still occur in endemic areas. We attempted to determine the genetic and antigenic properties of the O/PanasiaII/Qom-15 FMDV new vaccine strain. Thus, whole-genome sequencing was used to identify vulnerable pinpoint sites across the genome. Then the VP1 sequence (1D gene) of the O/PanasiaII/Qom-15 viral genome was compared to the VP1 sequences of two previously used vaccine strains, O/Panasia (JQ321837) and O/PanasiaII (JN676146). Finally, the antigenic relationship of these three viruses was calculated by the 2D-VNT test. At the nucleotide level, 47 single variants were identified, of which 19% were in the 5' UTR region, 79% in the polyprotein region, and 2% in the 3' UTR region. Approximately half of the SNPs that have occurred in the 1D gene result in amino acid substitutions in the VP1 structure. SNPs caused amino acid substitutions in other structural proteins, including VP2 and VP3, and some non-structural proteins (Lpro, 2C, and 3A). O/PanasiaII/Qom-15 shared higher sequence similarity with O/PanasiaII (91%) compared to O/Panasia (87.3%). Evaluating the r-value showed that the antigenic relationship of OpanasiaII/Qom-15 with the O/PanasiaII (29%) was greater than that of the O/Panasia (24%); however, all three viruses were immunologically distinct. Over ten years, the alteration of virus antigenicity and the lack of detectable adaptive pressure on the VP1 sequence suggests that studying genetic dynamics beyond the VP1 region is necessary to evaluate FMDV pathogenicity and vaccine ineffectiveness.
Fish & Aquatic
Zohre Khorshidi; Kourosh Sarvi Moghanlou; Ahmad Imani; Shahryar Behrouzi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The rapid development and application of nano-materials are coupled with environmental hazards. The effect of feed-born silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the protective efficacy of dietary Curcumin supplementation were investigated. To this end, nine experimental diets were prepared to contain 0, 0.05, ...
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The rapid development and application of nano-materials are coupled with environmental hazards. The effect of feed-born silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the protective efficacy of dietary Curcumin supplementation were investigated. To this end, nine experimental diets were prepared to contain 0, 0.05, and 0.15 g.kg feed-1 AgNPs, as well as 0, 0.75, and 1.5 g.kg feed-1 Curcumin in a factorial design. Triplicate groups of common carp (4.82 ± 0.41 g) were fed the test diets for 60 days. The results showed AgNPs reduce growth performance and enhance the feed conversion ratio dose-dependently (P<0.05). In addition, supplementing 0.75 g.kg feed-1 Curcumin at a low AgNP level improved the growth rate (P<0.05), while its inclusion at a high AgNP level led to further suppression of growth performance. The highest hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration, and white blood cell count were recorded in those fish received 0.75 g.kg feed-1 Curcumin, indicating the positive effect of dietary Curcumin supplementation on fish hematological indices. Based on the results, serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were enhanced by increasing AgNP levels (P<0.05). However, Curcumin inclusion, particularly at the lower level of AgNPs, significantly decreased their values (P<0.05). Similarly, intestinal alkaline protease and lipase activities were progressively decreased by increasing dietary AgNP contents revealing the pathological effect of AgNP on nutrient digestion and consequently absorption capability of fish intestine; however, significant improvements were found by Curcumin application at the lower AgNP level (P<0.05). Our results revealed that Curcumin supplementation could limit the toxic effects of lower dietary AgNP contents.
Theriogenology
Sadigheh Pashapour; Adel Saberivand; Amir Afshin Khaki; Maryam Saberivand
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found ...
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About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found in many plants, improves sperm parameters. The present study investigated the effect of Saponin on sperm oxidative stress and testicular structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by the administration of 150 mg kg-1 streptozotocin via a single intraperitoneal injection. All experimental mice were allocated to the following groups: control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group administrated 100 mg kg-1 Saponin daily, and one healthy group administrated Saponin daily for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of insulin, glucose, and oxidative stress markers were measured. A histological evaluation of testicles was performed. Treatment of diabetic mice with Saponin ameliorated testicular tissue damage, serum glucose, and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, in the diabetic group, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde was increased while the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was reduced. The mean Johnsen's score and the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules were lower in the diabetic mice than in the control group. However, these parameters were higher in the Saponin-treated mice than in the control group. Overall, Saponin administration rectified all examined parameters. The antioxidant role of Saponin improves sperm parameters and diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage.
Clinical Pathology
Canan Akdeniz İncili; Yesari Eröksüz; Barış Otlu; Emel Kara; Elif Seren Tanriverdi; Mehmet Özkan Timurkan; Hakan Kalender; Hatice Eröksüz
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Moellerella wisconsensis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacillus in Enterobacteriaceae, and it is an uncommon pathogen in domestic animals. To date, a total of 5 cases were reported including 2 dogs, 2 cattle, and a goat. Streptococcus equisimilis is the second common bacterial agent after ...
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Moellerella wisconsensis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacillus in Enterobacteriaceae, and it is an uncommon pathogen in domestic animals. To date, a total of 5 cases were reported including 2 dogs, 2 cattle, and a goat. Streptococcus equisimilis is the second common bacterial agent after the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in equine pneumonia cases. The present report describes the isolation of M. wisconses in lungs and spleen in a 10-year-old Arabian horse at post mortem examination that is co-infected by Streptoccus equisimilis. Clinical and pathological findings included bilateral nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sternal recumbency, severe diffuse necrosuppurative rhinitis, multifocal fibrinopurulent pneumonia and purulent lymphadenitis. PCR assys showed no viral nucleic acids of EHV-1, EHV-4, EAV, EPV. The antibiogram testing revealed the isolate was sensitive to many antibiotics except for colistin. Taken together, the present report documents the first isolation of Moelerella wisconsensis in lungs and spleen in the horse, hence, experimental studies are needed to clarify for the pathogenity and pathogenesis of Moelerella wisconsensis.
Parasitology
Afsaneh Doulatkhah; Mohsen Maleki; Ahmad Nematollahi; Javad Ashrafi Helan; Golamreza Razmi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Tropical or Mediterranean theileriosis in dairy cattle is widely distributed in many tropical regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proliferation status of mononuclear cells infected with Theileria annulata schizonts in different tissues and its relationship with the pathogenesis ...
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Tropical or Mediterranean theileriosis in dairy cattle is widely distributed in many tropical regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proliferation status of mononuclear cells infected with Theileria annulata schizonts in different tissues and its relationship with the pathogenesis of the parasite in cattle by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and PCR. Blood and tissue samples of eight Holstein cattle lost due to theileriosis and eight healthy slaughtered cattle of the same breed were collected as a control group after necropsy. The piroplasms in the blood smears and the schizonts were microscopically detected in the cytoplasm of the lymphocytes and macrophages of the lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the proliferation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in lymph nodes and the heart, congestion, and bleeding in the red pulp of the spleen, portal tracts of the liver, interstitial tissue of the kidneys, multifocal necrosis and ulceration in the abomasum together with hyperemia and hemorrhages and lymphoblastic infiltration in the submucosa and lamina propria adjacent to these lesions and emphysema with ecchymotic hemorrhage in the lungs were evident. Immunohistochemistry recognized the proliferated cells as mostly CD3-positive T lymphocytes and MAC387-positive macrophages. The positive results of PCR for the Tams1 30-kDa gene were observed in lymph nodes, liver, lung and abomasum. It was concluded that the pathological changes were the result of schizont-infected macrophage proliferation leading to severe uncontrolled proliferation of uninfected T lymphocytes.
Microbiology
Heidar Rahimi; Amir Tukmechi; Ehsan Rashidian
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. In this study, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats’ milk were studied by RFLP and MLVA-16 methods assay developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). From examining the isolates ...
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The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. In this study, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats’ milk were studied by RFLP and MLVA-16 methods assay developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). From examining the isolates with RFLP method, all 64 isolates were diagnosed biovar one. While with the MLVA-Typing method, one sample was simultaneously infected with two strains of B. melitensis and the genotype of 65 isolate was analyzed. Four genotypes (47, 42, 43, and 63) were identified using MLVA-8 (panel 1), whereas using MLVA-11 (panels 1 and 2A), six genotypes, including 138 (26 isolates), 125 (23 isolates), 116 (12 isolates), 108 (2 isolates), and two unknown genotypes, were identified. From the review of MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B), panel 2B shows a very high discriminatory power. Two locus of Bruc04 and Bruc30 from this panel had diversity index values higher than 0.710 and the average diversity index was 0.619. So MLVA-16Orsay 34 showed the genotype indicating a low genetic homogeneity among the isolates. The findings of MLVA genotyping of the isolates indicated that strains of B. melitensis isolated from the milk of small ruminants in Iran were most closely related to the isolates from neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating the potential use of MLVA genotyping for simultaneous detection of specimen contamination using two different B. melitensis biovars.
Diagnostic Imaging
Amin Anoushepour; Saeideh Eftekhari; Majid Masoudifard
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 01 October 2023
Abstract
Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) plays an important role in the locomotion of the horses with flexion of the limbs. In the hind limb, it passes over the calcaneal bone and attaches to medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous by two bands of connective tissue; while, the medial band is weaker ...
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Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) plays an important role in the locomotion of the horses with flexion of the limbs. In the hind limb, it passes over the calcaneal bone and attaches to medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous by two bands of connective tissue; while, the medial band is weaker than the lateral one. Occasionally, severe trauma, over-extension or fracture of the calcaneous may cause rupture of the supportive bands leading to tendon luxation. An 11-year-old Thoroughbred jumping gelding with symptoms of lameness in both legs, after examination by an internal specialist veterinarian in equine practice field was referred to the Teaching and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Clinical examination showed lateral luxation of SDFT in the right and left tarsal joints. Radiography revealed no sign of calcaneal involvement, except soft tissue swelling. In the radiography of the tarsal joints, the calcaneus bones did not show significant changes, but among the bones of the central and 3rd tarsal bone (distal intertarsal joint) of the tarsus, osteophyte formation was observed to a mild extent, indicating mild bone spavin in both tarsal joints. In ultrasonography, SDFT thickenings accompanied by hypoechoic regions in tendons were seen, confirming the signs of tendonitis. Moreover, fibrous tissue formation was diagnosed. In the left leg, anechoic fluid in the calcaneous bursa was seen. Evaluation of diagnostic imaging findings enables veterinarians to diagnose the site and extent of the lesions, choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach in addition to clinical symptoms.
Microbiology
Seyed Mahmoud Azimi Dezfouli; Baharak Mohammadian; Mohammad Khezri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of livestock, is endemic in Iran. In order to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against 3ABC non-structural protein (NSP) of FMD virus, a cross-sectional study was conducted on dairy cattle in eight cities of Kurdistan Province in ...
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Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of livestock, is endemic in Iran. In order to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against 3ABC non-structural protein (NSP) of FMD virus, a cross-sectional study was conducted on dairy cattle in eight cities of Kurdistan Province in May to September 2016. Serum samples (n=283), were collected from cattle vaccinated with the recommended dose of a commercial vaccine and tested by a Competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Based on the results, the overall seroprevalence of antibodies against NSP of FMD virus in the vaccinated cattle was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.4-27.2%). The seroprevalence of antibodies was affected by geographical regions so that the highest seroprevalence was related to the samples of vaccinated cattle in the cities of Marivan 95% (95% CI: 92.5-97.5%) and Saqqez 38.5% (95%CI: 32.8-44.2%). In terms of age, the highest seroprevalence of antibodies to FMD virus 26.7% (95% CI: 21.6-31.8%) belonged to ≤24-month-old cattle. According to the findings of this study, the presence of NSP antibodies in vaccinated cattle indicates the risk of infection with FMD virus serotypes circulating in the west of the province, so further studies with a larger number of samples is recommended.
Parasitology
Burçak Aslan Çelik; Özgür Yaşar Çelik; Akın Koçhan; Adnan Ayan; Özlem Orunç Kılınç; Gürkan Akyıldız; Kıvanç İrak; Özge Oktay Ayan; Kerem Ercan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite found in humans and many mammals. This parasite spreads worldwide and is generally recognized as a zoonotic agent and is reported to be one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and ...
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Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite found in humans and many mammals. This parasite spreads worldwide and is generally recognized as a zoonotic agent and is reported to be one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in shelter dogs in Diyarbakır province located in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Native-Lugol method and nested PCR analyses of 100 fecal samples showed a prevalence of 3% and 4%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in females and in those younger than one year. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of zoonotic Assemblage B, Assemblage D, and Assemblage E. The detection of zoonotic Assemblage B in this study suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for human giardiasis. Further molecular research is needed to determine the genotype diversity of Giardia as well as its possible role in the transmission of this parasite to humans.
Pathology
Ayhan Atasever; Ali Sefa Mendil; Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 01 October 2023
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential presence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle uteri that did not display any clinical and macroscopic signs of infection. Virus detection involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, double immunohistochemistry ...
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This study aimed to investigate the potential presence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle uteri that did not display any clinical and macroscopic signs of infection. Virus detection involved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, double immunohistochemistry (IHC), and double immunofluorescence (IF). One hundred cornu uterus samples were collected from cattle aged 1 year and older. The BVDV was detected by PCR or by double IHC/IF in the collected samples from slaughterhouses in Kayseri city (Central Anatolia, Türkiye) from 2021 - 2022. By contrast, BHV-1 was detected by PCR and double IHC/IF at a rate of 16.00% and 21.00%, respectively. In the IHC and IF detection, BHV-1 was detected in endometrial epithelial cells and in some mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, periglandular areas and myometrium. Although no macroscopic lesion was found in the BHV-1-positive samples (n = 21), histopathological detection showed that two had acute endometritis, eight had subacute endometritis, eight had chronic endometritis and the three others showed no signs of endometritis. This prevalence study demonstrated for the first time that even while BVDV could not be detected in the samples, BHV-1 posed a critical potential reproductive risk in pregnant animals, as it can specifically cause abortions when it resides in cattle uteri that do not show clinical or macroscopic and even microscopic signs of infection. Additionally, this study was the first to combine PCR and double IHC/IF for BHV-1 and BVDV detection in cattle uteri.
Pathology
Paula A. Oliveira; Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves; Ana Faustino-Rocha; Fernanda Seixas; Bruno Colaço; Rita Ferreira
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a very common cancer in men, affecting approximately 1.4 million men worldwide in 2020. To improve the quality of life and survival of both animals and humans, effective therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated using animal models. The rat model of prostate cancer induced ...
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Prostate cancer is a very common cancer in men, affecting approximately 1.4 million men worldwide in 2020. To improve the quality of life and survival of both animals and humans, effective therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated using animal models. The rat model of prostate cancer induced by a multistep protocol that consists of a sequential administration of flutamide, followed by testosterone propionate, then administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and finally subcutaneous implantation of tubes filled with crystalline testosterone, is one of the most frequently used for prostate cancer research. However, the lack of standardization in procedures for prostate cancer induction, sample collection, and analysis represents a challenge for researchers. To address this issue, we aim to provide investigators with a detailed, step-by-step guide to implementing a rat model of prostate cancer, based on our extensive experience in this field. First, we briefly review the prostate cancer-induced protocols found in the literature, then we detailed the prostate cancer rat model implemented by our team. After, we explored the rats’ prostate monitoring during the experiment protocol through imaging modalities, namely ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We described animal welfare monitoring based on a table of humane endpoints, as well as data collection, such as biological variables and prostate samples. In sum, this article will ensure the quality of results and enable their comparison among different researchers using this rat model.
Theriogenology
Mohammad Bolghanabadi; Hamideh Salari Sedigh; Pezhman Mirshokraei; Masoud Rajabioun
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
This study designed a protocol that would combine PMSG and cabergoline to induce estrus in bitches. Twenty clinically healthy adult and anestrous female dog were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group was treated with cabergoline (5 μg/kg, PO, q 24 h, n=4) until the onset of proestrus or ...
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This study designed a protocol that would combine PMSG and cabergoline to induce estrus in bitches. Twenty clinically healthy adult and anestrous female dog were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group was treated with cabergoline (5 μg/kg, PO, q 24 h, n=4) until the onset of proestrus or for 25 days. The second group was treated with PMSG (20 IU/kg, IM, n=6) for 5 days and 500 IU hCG on the fifth day. The Third Group was treated with cabergoline (5 μg/kg, PO, q 24 h, n=6) for 10 days in combination with PMSG (20 IU/kg, IM) for 5 days and 500 IU hCG on the 10th day. The control group (n=4) received 1 ml of normal saline IM daily for 5 days. Ovarian changes were evaluated ultrasonographically, and the estrus cycle phased was determined by vaginal cytology. Three, three, and four bitches showed clinical signs of proestrus in each treatment group, respectively. The intervals between treatment and proestrus for each group were 30±3.05, 7.67±1.2, and 13±1.2 days, respectively. Two weeks after estrus, the progesterone mean was 14.51±6.24, 19.96±17.16, and 19.12±9.26 ng/mL for each group, respectively. In ultrasonography examination, the largest follicle was identified at 15.66±1.33, 11.66±2.4, and 8.75±2.17 day after the onset of proestrus; and the largest follicle’s size measured 6.5±0.55, 4.83±1.64, and 7.07±1.49 mm for each group, respectively. Although the combined use of cabergoline and PMSG reduced the duration of treatment, change the duration or dosage of PMSG can be helpful to improve the results.
Small Animal Surgery
Vahid Ganjiani; Amin Bigham-Sadegh; Hamid Meimandi; Mohsen Nouroozi; Dariush Sarikhani; Parisa Afraz
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2023
Abstract
Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (trachea/bronchus) are very rare conditions; therefore, it is not on top of the list of differential diagnoses in patients with chronic or severe cough, but its occurrence should not be considered unexpected. A 2-year-old male Shih Tzu terrier mix dog (9.2 kg) ...
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Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract (trachea/bronchus) are very rare conditions; therefore, it is not on top of the list of differential diagnoses in patients with chronic or severe cough, but its occurrence should not be considered unexpected. A 2-year-old male Shih Tzu terrier mix dog (9.2 kg) with a history of dyspnea for six days was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shiraz University. In the clinical examination, respiratory distress and pain during palpation of the neck area were observed. Radiology indicated a triangular radiopaque object (bone) in the trachea of the animal. The size of the foreign body, the weakness of the grasping forceps of the device, and the edges of the bone being stuck in the trachea caused tracheoscopy failure after 30 minutes of trying. Surgical procedure (tracheotomy) was effective to remove the foreign body using Noyes alligator tissue forceps. Aspirated foreign body is not a common condition. If the aspirated foreign body is recognized early and treated immediately, prognosis is usually good.
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