Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus isolates in Sulaimani province, Iraq

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

Mohammed Baba Sheikh
Peshnyar Atta Rashid
Zhino Raheem
Ari Salahadin Marouf
Kamaran Mohammed Amin

Department of Molecular Biology, Veterinary Laboratory Center, Sulaimani Veterinary Directorate, Sulaimani, Iraq

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2019.101755.2424
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Iraq. The current study can be considered as the first molecular characterization of serotype O in Iraq. The present investigation reported the determination of FMDV serotype O from local farms in Sulaimani districts in 2016 outbreaks. Samples were collected from suspected cattle. The virus was primarily detected with RT-PCR directly from mouth epithelial samples. The direct sequencing and subsequent analysis of amplified PCR products for the VP1 gene indicated the circulation of serotype O of FMD in studied areas. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the field isolated serotype O belonged to topotype ME-SA and lineage PanAsia II and clustered with Pakistan and Iran isolates (KU365843 and KY091283) with identity (96.00%, 95.00%) respectively. Furthermore, according to the phylogenic tree, the field isolates had different lineage with the three O/Manisa vaccine strains and Iraq/2000 strains. These findings highlighted the continuous circulation of serotype O of FMD in the region.

Keywords

Molecular genotyping
Phylogenetic analysis
Viral evolution
VP1 gene
  1. Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Kayali G, et al. Characterization of the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT2 in Egypt. Arch Virol 2013;158(3):619-627.
  2. Xin A, Li L, Zhu M, et al. Whole genome sequencing of a candidate strain for FMDV vaccine: Genomic structure and genetic variation. Molecular Pathogens 2011 2(1). doi: 10.5376/mp.2011.02.0001.
  3. Samuel AR, Knowles NJ. Foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses exhibit genetically and geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (topotypes). J Gen Virol 2001; 82(pt3):609-621.
  4. Nishi T, Ulziibat G, Khanui B, et al. Genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus of serotype O lineage Ind-2001d isolated from cattle in Mongolia in 2015. Genome Announc 2017; 5(45): e01244-17. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01244-17.
  5. Rashid PMA, Marouf AS, Raheem ZH, et al. Phylogenic analysis and molecular characterization of Slemani/Kurdistan/2013 foot and mouth disease virus shows circulation of new genotype in Iraq. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani- Part A 2014; 16:3. doi:10.17656/ jzs.10298.
  6. Kotecha A, Perez-Martin E, Harvey Y, et al. Chimeric O1K foot-and-mouth disease virus with SAT2 outer capsid as an FMD vaccine candidate. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1) doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31856-x.
  7. Sheikh MOB, Rashid PMA, Marouf AS, et al. Phylogenic analysis of serotype Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus from Sulaimani/Iraq using VP1 protein: hetero-geneity with vaccine strain As1/Shamir/89. Iran J Vet Res 2017;18(3):212-215.
  8. Parida S. Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: strategies and effectiveness. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009;8(3):347-365.
  9. Ganji VK, Kontham S, Pottabathula M. Understanding the molecular relationship between foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O of Indian vaccine strain with strains across the world by phylogenetic analysis. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2018;7(5):99-105.
  10. King D, Di Nardo A, Henstock M OIE/FAO Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory Network Annual Report 2018: 61.
  11. Mahapatra M, Statham B, Li Y, et al. Emergence of antigenic variants within serotype A FMDV in the Middle East with antigenically critical amino acid substitutions. Vaccine. 2016; 34(27):3199-3206.
  12. Ahn I, Bae SE, Son HS. Comparative study of codon substitution patterns in foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype O). Exp Mol Med 2011;43(10):587-595.
  13. Logan D, Abu-Ghazaleh R, Blakemore W, et al. Structure of a major immunogenic site on foot-and-mouth disease virus. Nature 1993;362(6420):566-568.
  14. Li P, Lu Z, Bao H, et al. In-vitro and in-vivo phenotype of type Asia 1 foot-and-mouth disease viruses utilizing two non-RGD receptor recognition sites. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:154. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-154.
  15. Soleimanjahi H, Sedeh FM, Jalilian AR, et al. Sequence analysis of the foot and mouth disease virus type O/IRN/2007 VP1 gene from Iranian isolate. Folia Biol (Praha) 2013;59(2):93-98.
  16. Brückner G, Saraiva-Vieira VE. OIE strategy for the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease at regional and global levels. Conf. OIE 2010, 187-198.
  17. Fowler VL, Bankowski BM, Armson B, et al. Recovery of viral RNA and infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus from positive lateral-flow devices. PloS One 2014; 9(10):e109322. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109322.
  18. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22(22):4673-4680.
  19. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980;16(2):111-120.
  20. Lloyd-Jones K, Mahapatra M, Upadhyaya S, et al. Genetic and antigenic characterization of serotype O FMD viruses from East Africa for the selection of suitable vaccine strain. Vaccine 2017; 35(49 Pt B): 6842-6849.
Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 12, Issue 2
Spring 2021
Pages 247-251

  • Receive Date 14 January 2019
  • Revise Date 17 August 2019
  • Accept Date 30 October 2019

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us