Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron petal on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertension induced by angiotensin II and L-NAME in anesthetized rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Reza Mohebbati 1
Yasamin Kamkar-Del 2
Mohammad Naser Shafei 1, 2
Hassan Rakhshandeh 3
Azita Aaghaei 3

1 Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2019.103224.2456
Abstract
The saffron petalsare a by-product part of the saffron flower with a cardiovascular effect. This study evaluated the effect of the saffron petalon hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor). Rats were divided into 11 groups: 1) Control, 2) AII (50.00 ng kg-1), 3) Losartan+ AII, 4) L-NAME (10.00 mg kg-1), 5) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) + L-NAME, 6, 7) Saffron petals extract; 8, 9) saffron petals (100 and 200 mg kg-1) + AII and 10,11) saffron petals (100 and 200 mg kg-1) + L-NAME. Hypertension induced by intravenous injection of AII and L-NAME in separate groups. In treated groups, 30 min before injection of AII or L-NAME rats received two doses of extract via intraperitoneal administration. The femoral artery was cannulated and cardiovascular parameters recorded by a transducer connected to power lab apparatus. Maximal changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline were calculated and compared to with those in hypertensive and control groups. Results showed that both AII and L-NAME significantly increased SBP and MAP than control, however, HR in AII was decreased and in the L-NAME group increased. Pre-treatment with saffron petals could significantly attenuate the cardiovascular responses induced by both AII and L-NAME. However, the effect of the extract in AII hypertensive rats was more effective than L-NAME groups. The findings showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the saffron petals had an antihypertensive effect that mainly was mediated by inhibition of AII activity.

Keywords

Angiotensin II
Hypertension
L-NAME
Saffron petal
  1. Roohani R, Einafshar S, Ahmadzadeh Ghavidel R. Effect of time and ultrasonic amplitude on extraction carotenoid compounds from saffron stamen. Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal 2016;18(4):171-176.
  2. Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, et al. The effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents on nervous system: A review. Avicenna J phytomed 2015;5(5):376-391.
  3. Mortazavi SM, Moghaddam MK, Safi S, et al. Saffron petals, a by-product for dyeing of wool fibers. Prog Color Colorants Coat 2012; 5: 75-84.
  4. Fatehi M, Rashidabady T, Fatehi-Hassanabad Z. Effects of Crocus sativus petals’ extract on rat blood pressure and on responses induced by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;84(2-3):199-203.
  5. Tajali F, Hemati Kakhki A, Khatamirad M, et al. Determination of antioxidant properties of saffron petals by DPPH and linoleic acid model system [Persian]. 18th National congress of food industry. Mashhad, Iran. 2008:15-16.
  6. Hosseinzadeh H, Younesi HM. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice. BMC Pharmacol 2002; 2:7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-2-7.
  7. Schmidt M, Betti G, Hensel A. Saffron in phytotherapy: pharmacology and clinical uses. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007;157(13-14):315-319.
  8. Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA, Maroufi S, et al. Effects of safranal, a constituent of saffron, and vitamin E on nerve functions and histopathology following crush injury of sciatic nerve in rats. Phytomedicine 2014; 21(5):717-723.
  9. Naseem KM. The role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2005; 26(1-2):33-65.
  10. Nathan CF, Hibbs Jr JB. Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity. Curr Opin Immunol 1991;3(1):65-70.
  11. Mohebbati R, Bavarsad K, Rahimi M, et al. Protective effects of long-term administration of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract on cardiovascular responses in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018; 8(2):143-151.
  12. Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, Abdallah DM, et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 2002; 52(11):797-802.
  13. Mendoza A, Lazartigues E. The compensatory renin–angiotensin system in the central regulation of arterial pressure: new avenues and new challenges. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2015;9(4):201-208.
  14. Abdi A, Johns EJ. The effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists on kidney function in two-kidney, two-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 331(2-3):185-192.
  15. Cat AND, Touyz RM. A new look at the renin–angiotensin system--focusing on the vascular system. Peptides 2011;32(10):2141-2150.
  16. Ganong WF. Origin of the angiotensin II secreted by cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994;205(3):213-219.
  17. Mahmoudabady M, Shafei MN, Niazmand S, et al. The effects of hydroalchoholic extract of Teucrium polium L. on hypertension induced by angiotensin II in rats. Int J Prev Med 2014;5(10):1255-1260.
  18. Rodriguez‐Saona LE, Wrolstad RE. Extraction, isolation, and purification of anthocyanins. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. New York, USA: Wiley & Sons 2001; 1-11.
  19. Vander AJ, Geelhoed GW. Inhibition of renin secretion by angiotensin. II. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1965; 120(2):399-403.
  20. Hu CT, Chang KC, Wu CY, et al. Acute effects of nitric oxide blockade with L‐NAME on arterial hemo-dynamics in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122(6):1237-1243.
  21. Maggi CA, Meli A. Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems. Part 2: Cardiovascular system. Experientia 1986;42(3):292-297.
  22. Iranshahi M, Khoshangosht M, Mohammadkhani Z, et al. Protective effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma and petal on liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Pharmacologyonline 2011;1: 203-212.
  23. Hadizadeh F, Khalili N, Hosseinzadeh H, et al. Kaempferol from saffron petals. Iran J. Pharm Sci 2003;2: 251-252.
  24. Zeka K, Ruparelia KC, Continenza MA, et al. Petals of Crocus sativus L. as a potential source of the anti-oxidants crocin and kaempferol. Fitoterapia 2015;107: 128-134.
  25. Shafei MN, Faramarzi A, Rad AK, et al. Crocin prevents acute angiotensin II-induced hypertension in anesth-etized rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2017;7 (4):345-352.
  26. Guerrero L, Castillo J, Quiñones M, et al. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by flavonoids: structure-activity relationship studies. PLoS One 2012; 7(11):e49493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049493.
  27. Hidalgo M, Martin-Santamaria S, Recio I, et al. Potential anti-inflammatory, anti-adhesive, anti/estrogenic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of anthocyanins and their gut metabolites. Genes Nutr 2012;7(2):295-306.
  28. Olszanecki R, Bujak-Gizycka B, Madej J, et al. Kaemp-ferol, but not resveratrol inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59(2):387-392.
  29. Balasuriya BWN, Rupasinghe HPV. Plant flavonoids as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in regulation of hypertension. Funct Food Health Dis 2011; 5:172-188.
  30. Kurin E, Fakhrudin N, Nagy M. eNOS promoter activation by red wine polyphenols: An interaction study. Acta Fac Pharm Univ Comen 2013; 60(1): 27-33.
  31. García-Mediavilla V, Crespo I, Collado PS, et al. The anti-inflammatory flavones quercetin and kaempferol cause inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and reactive C-protein, and down-regulation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in Chang Liver cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 557(2-3):221-229.
  32. Shi LH, Ma J, Zhang LP. Effect of ginkgo flavone glycosides on the production of NO, eNOS and ICAM-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells under oxidative damage. China Practical medical 2008; 22: 19-20.
  33. Lanfranchi PA, Somers VK. Arterial baroreflex function and cardiovascular variability: interactions and implications. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283(4):815-826.
Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 12, Issue 2
Spring 2021
Pages 185-190

  • Receive Date 03 February 2019
  • Revise Date 03 November 2019
  • Accept Date 09 December 2019

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us