Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Zahra Darabizadeh 1
- Keivan Keramati 1
- Dariush Shirani 2
- Mohammad Molazem 3
- Saeed Heydaryan 2
- Yasamin Vali 4
1 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni), Vienna, Austria
Abstract
Right ventricular parameters change in many cardiovascular diseases; so, the presence of normal right ventricular parameters is necessary to diagnose these diseases. Ten clinically healthy adult domestic short-haired cats including six males and four females in the range of 2.70 to 4.80 kg were studied using echocardiography without sedation. The speed and pressure of blood flow through the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, speed of the movement of tricuspid valve and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were recorded using conventional pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and M-mode, respectively. No significant statistical differences were observed between the measured values and sex, heart rate and body weight. A positive correlation was observed between the maximum velocity of the right ventricular outflow tract and heart rate and also between TAPSE slope and body weight. With determining the normal values of PW-TDI of the right ventricle in apparently healthy domestic short-haired cats, it is expected that with providing normal reference values, the diagnosis of heart diseases especially asymptomatic heart disease be achieved as soon as possible to provide the best appropriate therapeutic management and monitoring decision about them.
Keywords
- Thomas WP, Gaber CE, Jacobs GJ, et al. Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two‐dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. J Vet Intern Med 1993; 7(4): 247-252.
- Calcutteea A, Henein MH, Lindqvist P. New insights in the assessment of right ventricular function: an echocardiographic study. 1st London, UK: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing 2014; 1-19.
- Yuchi Y, Suzuki R, Teshima T, et al. Utility of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion normalized by right ventricular size indices in dogs with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35(1): 107-119.
- Chetboul V, Bussadori C, De Madron E, et al. Clinical Echocardiography of the dog and cat. 1st St. Louis, USA: Elsevier 2012; 22-35.
- Simpson KE, Devine BC, Gunn‐Moore DA, et al. Assess-ment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse‐wave Doppler tissue imaging techniques. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48(1): 58-68.
- Petrič AD, Rishniw M, Thomas WP. Two-dimensionally-guided M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the ventricles of apparently healthy cats. J Vet Cardiol 2012; 14(3): 423-430.
- Sohn DW, Chai IH, Lee DJ, et al. Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30(2): 474-480.
- Carlos Sampedrano C, Chetboul V, Gouni V, et al. Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or systemic hyper-tension. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20(5): 1106-1115.
- Koffas H, Dukes‐McEwan J, Corcoran BM, et al. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20(1): 65-77.
- Pariaut R, Saelinger C, Strickland KN, et al. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in dogs: reference values and impact of pulmonary hyper-tension. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26(5): 1148-1154.
- Chetboul V, Carlos Sampedrano C, Gouni V, et al. Quantitative assessment of regional right ventricular myocardial velocities in awake dogs by Doppler tissue imaging: repeatability, reproducibility, the effect of body weight and breed, and comparison with left ventricular myocardial velocities. J Vet Intern Med 2005; 19(6): 837-844.
- Serres F, Chetboul V, Gouni V, et al. Diagnostic value of echo‐Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging in dogs with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2007; 21(6): 1280-1289.
- D'Oronzio U, Senn O, Biaggi P, et al. Right heart assess-ment by echocardiography: gender and body size matters. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012; 25(12): 1251-1258.
- Spalla I, Payne JR, Borgeat K, et al. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31(3):691-699.
)