Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Investigation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 in bovine pneumonia using polymerase chain reaction, double immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Ayhan Atasever 1
Ali Güngör 2
Mustafa Özkaraca 3
Mehmet Özkan Timurkan 4
Turhan Turan 5

1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye

2 Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Türkiye

3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye

4 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye

5 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2025.2048832.4591
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI-3) in cattle lungs exhibiting pneumonia symptoms observed during macroscopic examination. Polymerase chain reaction, double immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence methods were used for viral detection. For this purpose, during the summer-autumn period of 2023, a total of 84 lung samples from cattle aged 1 year and older, exhibiting macroscopic signs of pneumonia, were collected in Kayseri province, Türkiye. Pneumonia lesions were recorded according to the anatomical locations. In virus detection, PI-3 was identified at a rate of 8.33% using double immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining methods, while this rate was found to be 6.72% in polymerase chain reaction. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 was not detected by any of the three methods. In the cattle lungs, 44 lesions (52.38%) were detected in the apical lobe, while seven lesions (8.33%) were detected in the middle lobe, eight lesions (9.52%) in the accessory lobe, and 25 lesions (29.76%) in the basal lobe. The PI-3 immunopositivity was observed in alveolar epithelial cells, as well as mononuclear cells in the interstitial and peri-vascular regions. This study is the first to examine bovine herpesvirus type 1 and PI-3 presence in bovine lungs using three distinct validation techniques (polymerase chain reaction, double immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence).

Keywords

Bovine herpesvirus type 1
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3
Bovine pneumonia
Immunofluorescence
Immunohistochemistry
Subjects
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Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 17, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 103-110

  • Receive Date 24 December 2024
  • Revise Date 01 May 2025
  • Accept Date 20 May 2025

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