Micromeria congesta (MC) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in the Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman, and Gaziantep provinces of Türkiye for treating respiratory disorders. Despite its ethnobotanical relevance, its pharmacological effects on lung inflammation remain unclear. This study evaluated the protective effects of Micromeria congesta essential oil (MCEO) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats, with a focus on inflammation and tissue damage. MC was collected from its natural habitat, and its essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. GC-MS analysis revealed 28 compounds, with piperitenone oxide (33.97%) and pulegone (22.30%) as the main constituents. Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups: three MCEO-treated groups (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg), a Dexamethasone group, an LPS-only group, and a Control group. MCEO was administered by gavage for seven days, followed by intravenous LPS on day 8 (except for the control group). Blood and lung tissues were collected six hours later for biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses. MCEO treatment significantly lowered blood glucose and urea levels compared to the LPS group. It also modulated NLRP3, Caspase-3, and TNF-α gene expression, as determined by RT-PCR analysis, indicating anti-inflammatory effects. Histopathological findings confirmed a dose-dependent reduction in lung inflammation and tissue damage. MCEO administration alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats through anti-inflammatory and protective effects, as confirmed by molecular (NLRP3, Caspase-3, TNF-α) and histopathological analyses. Additionally, MCEO reduced blood glucose (p<0.01) and urea levels (p<0.05), supporting its systemic protective role against endotoxin-induced inflammation.