Veterinary Research Forum

In Vitro Spasmolytic Effects of Eugenol on Bovine Abomasal Smooth Muscle: A Focus on Calcium-Mediated Mechanisms

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hasti Sorkhi Azad
Masoud Maham
Vahid Najarnezhad
Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh
Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

10.30466/vrf.2026.2089642.5095
Abstract
Abomasal motility disorders, such as displacement and volvulus, represent significant clinical and economic challenges in dairy cattle. The use of synthetic prokinetics is limited by residue concerns. This study investigated the in vitro effects of eugenol on bovine abomasal smooth muscle contractility. Muscle strips from healthy cattle were mounted in organ baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution. Basal tone and contractions induced by carbachol (CCh, 1 and 4 µM), barium chloride (BaCl₂, 30 mM), and potassium chloride (KCl, 30 and 80 mM) were recorded. Cumulative eugenol concentrations (1–600 mg L⁻¹) caused a significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of both basal tone and spasmogen-induced contractions (p < 0.05, Friedman test followed by Dunnett's test). The inhibition was particularly abrupt in high-KCl-induced contractions. The effects were fully reversible upon washout. These results demonstrate that eugenol acts as a non-selective spasmolytic agent on bovine abomasal smooth muscle, likely via inhibition of calcium influx. This supports its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for managing gastrointestinal hypermotility in ruminants, warranting further in vivo studies.

Keywords

Eugenol
Bovine abomasum
Smooth muscle
Spasmolytic
Calcium channels
Subjects
Veterinary Research Forum

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 September 2026

  • Receive Date 25 May 2026
  • Accept Date 07 June 2026

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