Veterinary Research Forum

Effects of simultaneous administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and intravenous lipid emulsion following ischemia-reperfusion in the rat kidney: a histomorphometric and histopathological study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Ali Robatmeili 1
Babak Rasouli 2
Ebrahim Shahroozian 2
Saeideh Naeimi 2

1 DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2026.2085763.5066
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the leading causes of cellular necrosis, inflammation, and kidney failure. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) in mitigating kidney damage caused by IRI in rats. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including IRI + ILE + GCSF, IRI + ILE, IRI + GCSF, IRI, and sham. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal pedicle for 45 min. The GCSF (20.00 µg kg-1) was administered intraperitoneally on days zero, three, and seven, while ILE (5.00 mL kg-1) was given intravenously for seven days. After the two-week treatment period, the left kidneys of the rats were excised via nephrectomy. The kidney samples were immediately preserved in 10.00% formalin, processed using standard histological methods, and paraffin-embedded. Sections were prepared, and after Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, histomorphometric analyses were conducted. The TUNEL staining was used to quantify apoptotic cells. The IRI group showed the highest increase in urinary space (33.50 ± 0.49), cellular necrosis (score: 3.40), and apoptosis (score: 29.64). The ILE + GCSF group significantly reduced these parameters (urinary space: 15.30 ± 0.47, necrosis: 1.80, and apoptosis: 5.24%). Additionally, inflammation levels, renal tubular dilation, and protein cast formation were significantly lower in the ILE + GCSF group compared to the IRI group. The combination of GCSF and ILE significantly reduced damage-related parameters. The GCSF's protective effect in reducing tissue damage and cell apoptosis following IRI is further enhanced by ILE, providing a synergistic effect.

Keywords

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
Intravenous lipid emulsion
Ischemia-reperfusion injury
Kidney
Rat
Subjects
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Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 17, Issue 10
October 2026
Pages 765-773

  • Receive Date 21 February 2026
  • Revise Date 24 May 2026
  • Accept Date 11 July 2026

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