Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India
2
Senior Scientist, Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India
3
Head, Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Izatnagar
4
MVSC Student, Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India
5
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, (J.H.) 834003, India
6
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India
7
MVSC Student, Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
8
Joint Director Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243122, India
9
Scientist, Temperate Animal Husbandry Division, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital, Uttrakhand 263138, India
10.30466/vrf.2025.2072348.4922
Abstract
Subclinical endometritis (SCE), driven uterine dysbiosis, impairs fertility by reduced conception, embryonic survival, and overall reproductive efficiency. The ovarian sequelae of SCE in Bos indicus remain poorly defined. Tharparkar cows (n = 20) were enrolled and monitored across one estrous cycles using transrectal B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. Animals were classified as SCE (n = 10) or healthy (n = 10) based on endometrial polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) proportions (> 5 %), a threshold justified by breed-specific postpartum uterine adaptation in Bos indicus. PMNs were significantly higher in the SCE group (6.80 ± 0.24 % vs. 3.30 ± 0.21 %; p < 0.0001). SCE cows exhibited reduced medium and total follicle numbers (p < 0.05) and slower dominant follicle growth (0.89 ± 0.05 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03 mm day⁻¹; p < 0.05). Mean corpus luteum (CL) pixel area was consistently lower in the SCE group throughout the luteal phase (p < 0.05). CL vascularity indices derived from color Doppler mode (red = toward, blue = away from transducer) were reduced (e.g., day 3 perfusion: 24.94 ± 2.75 % vs. 17.71 ± 2.34 %; p < 0.05). Serum progesterone was lower in SCE cows (p < 0.05) and strongly correlated with CL size (r = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.84 – 0.92) and perfusion (r = 0.50, 95 % CI 0.35 – 0.62). In conclusion, SCE in Bos indicus compromises follicular dynamics, early CL development, vascularization, and steroidogenesis. Pixel-derived Doppler indices provide robust quantitative markers for early detection and targeted management of SCE.
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