Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Measuring morphological parameters of the pelvic diaphragm muscles using computed tomography in healthy dogs

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mohammad Sadegh Ashtari 1
Abbas Veshkini 1
Majid Masoudifard 2
Hassan Gilanpour 3
Alireza Bahonar 4

1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2019.114322.2719
Abstract
Evaluation of pelvic diaphragm muscles in dogs merits clinical attention because of the anatomical importance and their involvement in perineal hernia. This study aimed to evaluate the normal pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani and coccygeus muscles) using the computed tomography (CT) scan. For this purpose, 10 male and 10 female clinically normal, adult intact mixed-breed dogs weighing 15.00 to 20.00 kg were selected randomly. All animals underwent CT examination under general anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency. All the CT images were taken and reconstructed with a same protocol. The measurements of the pelvic diaphragm muscles were performed based on the presented guideline to the observer. The results were presented descriptively. The mean lengths of the coccygeus muscle in CT images were evaluated 4.60 cm for males and 4.30 cm for females. The mean lengths of levator ani muscle in CT images were measured 4.90 cm in males and 4.50 cm in females. In conclusion, the results of the present study can be beneficial to clinicians and researchers for further evaluation of the supporting muscles in pelvic cavity and underlying anatomical changes in perineal hernia in dogs.

Keywords

Canine
Coccygeus muscle
Computed tomography
Levator ani muscle
Pelvic diaphragm
  1.  Budras KD, McCarthy PH, Fricke W, et al. Anatomy of the dog: an illustrated text. 5th Hannover, Germany: Schlütersche 2007; 72-75.
  2. Evans HE, De Lahunta A. Miller's anatomy of the dog. 4th St. Louis, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013; 228-232.
  3. Slatter Textbook of small animal surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier 2003; 485- 513.
  4. Blakely C, Evanston I. Canine surgery. Evanston, USA: American Veterinary Publications 1957; 458.
  5. Bongartz A, Carofiglio F, Balligand M, et al. Use of autogenous fascia lata graft for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs. Vet Surg 2005; 34(4): 405-413.
  6. Aliabadi A, Dehghani S. Internal obturator transposition herniorrhaphy of three perineal hernia cases in dogs. Iran J Vet Surg 2007; 2(3): 84-90.
  7. Pettit Perineal hernia in the dog. Cornell Vet 1962; 52: 261-279.
  8. Krahwinkel Rectal diseases and their role in perineal hernia. Vet Surg 1983; 12(3): 160-165.
  9. Shahar R, Shamir MH, Niebauer GW, et al. A possible association between acquired nontraumatic inguinal and perineal hernia in adult male dogs. Can Vet J 1996; 37(10): 614-616.
  10. Johnston SA, Tobias, KM. Veterinary surgery: Small animal expert consult. 2nd St. Louis, USA: Elsevier Health Sciences 2017; 1778-1793.
  11. Niebauer GW, Shibly S, Seltenhammer M, et al. Relaxin of prostatic origin might be linked to perineal hernia formation in dogs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1041: 415-422.
  12. Hall MI, Plochocki JH, Rodriguez‐Sosa JR. Male and female anatomical homologies in the perineum of the dog (Canis familiaris). Vet Med Sci 2019; 5(1): 39-47.
  13. Mann F, Nonneman DJ, Pope ER, et al. Androgen receptors in the pelvic diaphragm muscles of dogs with and without perineal hernia. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56(1): 134-139.
  14. Gill SS, Barstad RD. A Review of the surgical management of perineal hernias in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54(4): 179-187.
  15. Burrows CF, Harvey CE. Perineal hernia in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1973; 14(6): 315-332.
  16. Orsher RJ. Clinical and surgical parameters in dogs with perineal hernia analysis of results of internal obturator transposition. Vet Surg 1986; 15(3): 253-258.
  17. Vnuk D, Lipar M, Matičić D, et al. Comparison of standard perineal herniorrhaphy and transposition of the internal obturator muscle for perineal hernia repair in the dog. Vet Arh 2008; 78(3): 197-207.
Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 12, Issue 4
Autumn 2021
Pages 493-496

  • Receive Date 15 September 2019
  • Accept Date 11 December 2019

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us