Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Dietary effects of procyanidin and Bio-Aqua® on hematological and immune indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Tayyebeh Asadi 1
Saeid Meshkini 2
Nasrollah Ahmadifard 1

1 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2023.1972329.3678
Abstract
The role of immunostimulants in reducing diseases and enhancing fish performance has been proven in various studies. In this study, the effects of antioxidant procyanidin and commercial probiotic Bio-Aqua® on some hematological and immune indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. A total number of 525 fingerlings in seven treatments (each treatment in triplicates) with experimental diets, including (1) commercial food without supplements (CTL), (2) 400 mg procyanidin kg-1 feed (PC400) , (3) 800 mg procyanidin kg feed-1 (PC800), (4) 0.50% probiotic diet (PB0.5), (5) 1.00% probiotic diet (PB1), (6) probiotic and procianidin 0.50% and 800 mg kg-1 feed, respectively (PB0.5 + PC800) and (7) probiotic and procianidin 1.00% and 400 mg kg-1 feed, respectively, (PB1 + PC400) were fed for eight weeks. The results showed that the use of procyanidin alone did not have any significant effect on blood biochemistry and immune indices. However, the individual use of Bio-Aqua® probiotic could affect the hematological and immune indices of fish, except for monocyte, compared to the control and procyanidin treatments. However, the combined use of the supplements improved the hematological and immune indices of fish. It was concluded that the simultaneous dietary administration of procyanidin and probiotic Bio-Aqua® could improve the general health of rainbow trout.

Keywords

Bio-Aqua ® probiotic
Hematological indices
Immunity
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Procianidin
Subjects
  1. Das S, Mondal K, Haque S. A review on application of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic for sustainable development of aquaculture. J Entomol Zool Stud 2017; 5(2): 422-429.
  2. Poolsawat L, Li X, Xu X, et al. Dietary xylooligosaccharide improved growth, nutrient utilization, gut microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x aureus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021; 275: 114872. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2021.114872.
  3. Mehrabi Z, Firouzbakhsh F, Rahimi-Mianji G, et al. Immunity and growth improvement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary nettle (Urtica dioica) against experimental challenge with Saprolegnia parasitica. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104, 74-82.
  4. Adel M, Pourgholam R, Zorriehzahra SJ, et al. The effect of different level of Mentha piperita on some of the hematological, biochemical and immune parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss [Persian]. Iran Sci Fish J 2015; 24(1):37-46.
  5. Ringø E. Probiotics in shellfish aquaculture. Aquac Fish. 2020; 5(1), 1-27.
  6. Wuertz S, Schroede R, Wanka KM. Probiotics in fish nutrition—long-standing household remedy or native nutraceuticals? Water 2021; 13(10): 1348.doi: 10.3390/w13101348.
  7. Trichet VV. Nutrition and immunity: an update. Aquac Res 2010; 41(3): 356-372.
  8. Oliva‐Teles A. Nutrition and health of aquaculture fish. J Fish Dis 2012; 35(2): 83-108.
  9. Hoseinifar SH, Sun YZ, Wang A, et al. Probiotics as means of diseases control in aquaculture, a review of current knowledge and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 2429. doi: 10.3389/fmicb. 2018.02429.
  10. Akbari Nargesi E, Falahatkar B, Mohammadi M. Growth performance and hematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): exclusive study of probiotic effect on male brood stock [Persian]. Iran Sci Fish J 2019; 28(3):101-112.
  11. Benam R, Ouraji H, Keramat AS, et al. Effects of diet supplementing onion (Allium cepa) powder on growth, survival, fillet composition and hematological parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss [Persian]. Exp Anim Biol 2016; 4(4): 63-73.
  12. Akrami R, Ahmadi Z, Shamloofar M, et al. Effect of feed supplemented with ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on the growth, biochemical and hematoimmunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [Persian]. J Vet Res 2018; 73(2):155-163
  13. Nejad Moghaddam Sh, Imanpoor MR, Jafari VA, et al. Effects of dietary, Nettle Urtica dioica hydroalkohalic extract on some hematological and biochemical parameters in Goldfish Carassius auratus [Persian]. J Anim Environ 2018; 10(2):189-196.
  14. Gharaei A, Shafie M, Mirdar Harijani J, et al. Immune responses and haematological parameters changes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under effects of dietary administration of sumac (Rhus coriaria). J Agric Sci Technol 2020; 22(1): 173-186.
  15. Tasa A, Arshadi A, Mirdar Harijani J, et al. Effects of different levels of Withania coagulans water extract on growth performance, biochemical activity of blood enzymes, hematological and non-specific immunity parameters of Cyprinus carpio [Persian]. J Aquat Ecol 2021; 10(4):105-116.
  16. Rakhshani A, Alizadeh E, Ahmadifar E, et al. Effect of dietary golder powder (Otostegia persica) on blood parameters, antioxidant defense and immune of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [Persian]. Aquat Physiol Biotechnol 2021; 9(1): 39-56.
  17. Reverter M, Bontemps N, Lecchini D, et al. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture, as an alternative to chemotherapy: current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture 2014; 433: 50-61.
  18. Kao TT, Tu HC, Chang WN, et al. Grape seed extract inhibits the growth and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus by interfering with dihydro-folate reductase activity and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141(1-2): 17-27.
  19. Zhai SW, Lu JJ, Chen XH. Effects of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins on growth performance, some serum biochemical parameters and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) fingerlings. Ital J Anim Sci 2014; 13: 536-540.
  20. Rauf A, Imran M, Abu-Izneid T, et al. Proanthocyanidins: a comprehensive review. Biomed Pharma-cother 2019; 116:108999. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha. 2019.108999.
  21. Mohammadi Y, Kamangar BB, Zarei M. Effects of diets containing grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the growth and oxidative capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture 2021; 540: 736689. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736689.
  22. Burgos-Aceves MA, Lionetti L, Faggio C. Multi-disciplinary haematology as prognostic device in environmental and xenobiotic stress-induced response in fish. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670: 1170-1183.
  23. Azimirad M, Meshkini S. Determination of the optimal enrichment Artemia franciscana with a synbiotic combination of probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide. Vet Res Forum 2017; 8(1): 49-54.
  24. Arslan G, Sönmez AY, Yank T. Effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation on growth, survival, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant contents and blood parameters in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquac Res 2018; 49(6): 2256-2266.
  25. Barros MM, Lim C, Evans JJ, et al. Effect of iron supplementation to cottonseed meal diets on growth performance of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J Appl Aquac 2000; 10(1): 65-86.
  26. Haldane J. The colorimetric determination of haemoglobin. J Physiol 1901; 26(6): 497-504.
  27. Brown JS, Holden DW. Iron acquisition by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Microbes Infect 2002; 4(11): 1149-1156.
  28. Clerton P, Troutaud D, Verlhac V, et al. Dietary vitamin E and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocyte function: effect on gut and head kidney leucocyte. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2001; 11(1): 1-13.
  29. Siwicki A, Anderson D P. Nonspecific defense mechanisms assay in fish: II. Potential killing activity of neutrophils and macrophages, lysozyme activity in serum and organs and total immunoglobulin level in serum. In: Siwicki AK, Anderson DP, Waluga J (Eds). Fish disease diagnosis and prevention methods. Olsztyn, Poland: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Rybactwa Srodladowego 1993; 105-111.
  30. Yano T. Assays of hemolytic complement activity. In: Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Anderson DP, et al. (Eds). Techniques in fish immunology. New Jersey, USA: SOS Publications 1992; 131-141.
  31. Fanouraki E, Divanach P, Pavlidis M. Baseline values for acute and chronic stress indicators in sexually immature red porgy (Pargrus pagrus). Aquaculture 2007; 265(1-4): 294-304.
  32. Panahi Sahebi H, Esmaeili Fereidouni A, Imanpour MR, et al. Effects of dietary inclusion of prebiotic immunowall and probiotic primalac on growth indices, survival, body composition, and blood biochemical parameters in the Caspian Sea carp Cyprinus carpio, Fingerlings [Persian]. J Vet Res 2019; 74(1): 45-53.
  33. Heidari Sadegh T, Ahmadifar E, Dadar M, et al. Modulation of growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, serum biochemical and immunological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using probiotic Bacillus cereus [Persian]. Aquat Physiol Biotechnol 2020; 8(8): 1-19.
  34. Reda RM, Selim KM. Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, hematology and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquacult Int 2015; 23(1): 203-217.
  35. Melo da Paixao AE, Cerqueira dos Santos J, Sampaio Pinto M, et al. Effect of commercial probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, body composition, hematology parameters, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Aquacult Int 2017; 25(6): doi: 10.1007/s10499-017-0173-7.
  36. Nadalizadeh Tabari N, Meshkini S, Tukmechi A. Isolation and a survey on probiotic properties of Lactobacillus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine and their antibacterial properties against Yersinia rukeri. Iran Sci Fish J 2020; 29(3): 133-142.
  37. Brunt J, Austin B. Use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Fish Dis 2005; 28(12): 693-701.
  38. Terra X, Pallarés V, Ardèvol A, et al. Modulatory effect of grape-seed procyanidins on local and systemic inflammation in diet-induced obesity rats, J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22(4): 380-387.
  39. Goda MAS. Effect of dietary ginseng herb (Ginsana® G115) supplementation on growth, feed utilization, and hematological indices of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings. J World Aquac Soc 2008; 39(2): 205-214.
  40. Awad E, Austin DA, Lyndon AR. Effect of black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) and nettle extract (Quercetin) on enhancement of immunity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). Aquaculture 2013; 388-391(1):193-197.
  41. Binaii M, Ghiasi M, Farabi SMV, et al. Biochemical and hemato-immunological parameters in juvenile beluga (Huso huso) following the diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 36(1): 46-51.
  42. Merrifield DL, Dimitroglou A, Foey A, et al. The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture 2010; 302(1-2): 1-18.
  43. Bajelan B, Zakeri M, Mousavi SM, et al. Combinatory effects of dietary inulin and Entrococcus faecium in Benni, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi on some hematological parameters, serum biochemical and resistance to environmental stress [Persian]. Iran Vet J 2018; 14(2): 25-38.
  44. Aftabgard M, Salarzadeh A, Mohseni M. The synergistic effects of BetaPlus® Ultra and prebiotic oligosaccharides on growth performance, hepatosomatic index, hematological parameters, and carcass quality of Caspian trout (Salmo caspius) [Persian]. Iran Sci Fish J 2020; 29(5):99-110.
  45. Noori F, firouzbakhsh F, Yegane S, et al. The effects of combined and singular administration of Aloe barbadensis powder and Pediococcus acidilactici on growth parameters, hematology and intestine bacterial populations of Huso huso [Persian]. J Aquac Res Dev 2021; 15(2): 129-142
  46. Willis WL, King K, Iskhuemhen OS, et al. Administration of mushroom extract to broiler chicken’s for bifidobacteria enhancement and salmonella reduction. J Appl Poult Res 2009; 18(4): 658-664.
  47. Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics and synbiotics: concepts and nutritional properties. Br J Nutr 1998; 80(4): S197-S202.
  48. Cruz BCDS, de Sousa Moraes LF, De Nadai Marcon L, etal. Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic VSL#3 and synbiotic VSL#3 and yacon-based product in reducing oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in mice induced to colorectal carcinogenesis. J Food Sci 2021; 86(4):1448-1462.
  49. Vazirzadeh A, Roosta H, Masoumi H, et al. Long-term effects of three probiotics, singular orcombined, on serum innate immune parameters and expressions of cytokine genes in rainbow trout during grow-out. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98: 748-757.
Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 14, Issue 7
July 2023
Pages 359-365

  • Receive Date 08 November 2022
  • Revise Date 10 January 2023
  • Accept Date 06 February 2023

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us