Veterinary Research Forum
Vet Res Forum

Prevalence of bovine respiratory disease viruses in calves from the central desert of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Omid Karimi 1
Mehran Bakhshesh 2
Morteza Bitaraf Sani 3
Hamid Poormirzayee Tafti 4

1 Department of Animal Viral Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Animal Viral Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Animal Science Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Yazd, Iran

4 Veterinary Organization of Iran, Yazd, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2025.2044527.4522
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant disease in the cattle industry worldwide. The interaction between environmental factors, hosts, livestock management, and viral and bacterial pathogens causes this disease. Viruses are crucial in the initiation and progression of BRD. This study was the first to investigate the prevalence of BRD viruses using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method in nasal and eye conjunctival swabs and blood samples of 115 BRD calves in the central desert of Iran. At least one investigated virus was detected in 44 animals (38.26%). The detection rates of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine adenovirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpes virus-1, and bovine para influenza virus-3 were 20.00, 14.78, 5.21, 0.86, 0.00, and 0.00%, respectively. Three animals (2.60%) had a simultaneous infection with two viruses. Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine adenovirus was correlated. The virus infection rates were 31.81 and 44.66% in five sampled cities. The virus detection rate in infected animals was related to the nose (26 animals; 50.09%), nose and eyes (seven animals; 15.90%), eyes (seven animals; 15.90%), nose, eyes, and blood (three animals; 6.81%), and blood (one animal; 2.27%) samples. The virus detection rate in different samples was in separate clusters. Monitoring and controlling the circulation of bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine coronavirus in the central desert of Iran is vital due to the high detection rate. Our results highlight the necessity of investigating other viruses and bacterial agents related to the BRD in the study area.

Keywords

Bovine respiratory disease complex
Calf pneumonia
Iran
Viruses
Molecular typing

Subjects

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Veterinary Research Forum
Volume 16, Issue 11
November 2025
Pages 647-654

  • Receive Date 25 November 2024
  • Revise Date 23 February 2025
  • Accept Date 22 April 2025

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