Epidemiology
Afroz Afroz; Amit Kumar Verma; Amit Kumar; Surendra Upadhyay; Arbind Singh
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 219-222
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of FMD, immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness of the vaccination ...
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered as one of the most important contagious viral diseases affecting cloven-footed animals. For effective control of FMD, immunization along with herd immunity is essential in the field conditions. To assure and track the coverage and effectiveness of the vaccination program, the serological studies are very much required after the vaccination program. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against structural proteins of FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes of O, A and Asia-1 in seven districts of western Uttar Pradesh, India, and assure the efficacy of vaccination under National Animal Disease Control Program. A total of 308 sera samples were collected from apparent healthy vaccinated cattle and buffaloes from seven districts including Amroha, Baghpat, Bareilly, Bulandsahar, Gautam Budh Nagar, Meerut and Muzaffarnagar of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Determination of antibodies against structural proteins of FMDV was carried out using solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective level of the FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia-1 included in the inactivated trivalent vaccine was 66.55, 48.05 and 47.08% in bovines, respectively. To provide the higher level of protection against the circulating FMDV, the present study recommended the thorough investigation of the immunogenic interaction between the vaccine strains and the field strains. Further investigations should also be conducted with larger sample size and across diverse geographical regions to gain a more comprehensive understanding of herd immunity.
Food Hygiene
Sima Valipour; Hossein Tajik; Mehran Moradi; Rahim Molaei; Mahdi Ghorbani
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 223-229
Abstract
In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei and to investigate its application as an anti-Listeria ...
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In recent years, the use of probiotics and their metabolites, known as postbiotics as natural preservatives has received increasing attention in the food industry. This study aimed to prepare and characterize postbiotics of Lactiplantibacillus sakei and to investigate its application as an anti-Listeria solution on beef fillets using an aerosolization technique. The functional groups, including organic acids, polysaccharides and other minor metabolites, were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) in the postbiotics. The 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the postbiotics was reported as 0.82 mg mL-1. The antimicrobial test using the agar well diffusion method revealed a zone of inhibition of 27.00 ± 1.20 mm. Application of an aerosolized postbiotics solution resulted in a significant reduction in Listeria monocytogenes counts on beef fillets, reaching 3.30 log10 CFU g-1 over a 15-day storage period at 4.00 ± 1.00 ˚C. The results of this study revealed that the postbiotics of L. sakei was an effective antimicrobial additive for controlling foodborne pathogens in beef fillets and aerosolization is a promising method for developing an antimicrobial coating on meat to enhance meat safety.
Microbiology
Hassan Tizfahm Tikmehdash; Alireza Dehnad; Nader Mosavari; Behroz Naghili Hokmabadi; Sanaz Mahmazi
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 231-236
Abstract
Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and ...
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Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the most dangerous zoonotic diseases in solipeds. Clinical diagnosis of this disease in its early stages in horses, is difficult. This study investigated serological and molecular identification of B. mallei in East Azerbaijan province. In the third and fourth quarters of 2020, throughout 2021, and in the first and second quarters of 2022, the complement fixation test (CFT) was performed on 350 horses. The malleination was used to confirm the positive CFT cases. Blood samples were taken for culture and for preparing serums to perform the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Deep eye discharge, nostril, cutaneous ulcers and lymph fluid swabs were cultured, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Eleven horses were CFT-positive. Based on the malleination on the 11 horses, six were affected by glanders, five were not affected (false positive), and one horse was CFT-negative despite exhibiting clinical signs. It was positive by malleination, ELISA and PCR. A total number of seven positive cases of glanders were diagnosed. The B. mallei could not be isolated, but the Burkholderia cepacia complex was isolated in one case. Except for three cases, the results of the CFT, mallein and ELISA tests were consistent. The amount of confidence interval was 95.00%. It is suggested that ELISA could be used as a complement to CFT in screening and, if positive results are observed in one of the tests, the entire herd must be examined more accurately using the mallein and western blot confirmatory tests.
Anesthesiology
Zahra Amini; Fatemeh Hoseinpour; Ali Ghashghaii; Hadi Cheraghi
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 237-242
Abstract
Various companion birds, including budgerigars, are anesthetized with injectable anesthesia. The current study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) along with clinical ...
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Various companion birds, including budgerigars, are anesthetized with injectable anesthesia. The current study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) along with clinical parameters such as the time required to induce, maintain and recover from medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia and midazolam-ketamine anesthesia in budgerigars. Among 20 mature and healthy budgerigars, three groups were assigned as follows: Control (n = 4) to determine baseline oxidative stress indices medetomidine + ketamine (n = 8) anesthetized by intramuscular injections of medetomidine (0.04 mg kg-1) and ketamine (30.00 mg kg-1) in the pectoral muscles, midazolam + ketamine (n = 8) anesthetized by intramuscular injections of midazolam (1.00 mg kg-1) and ketamine (50.00 mg kg-1). Half of birds (n = 4) in the second and third groups were euthanized by cervical dislocation 1 hr after anesthesia induction, blood samples were collected directly from the heart, and sera were extracted. Additionally, the remaining birds were euthanized 24 hr later, and their serum was analyzed for oxidative stress indices. Clinical parameters were recorded during the study. Compared to the medetomidine + ketamine group, the midazolam + ketamine group experienced shorter induction, anesthetic, and recovery times. Administering medetomidine and ketamine elevated TOS levels compared with midazolam + ketamine. No significant difference was found between the test groups for TAC, MDA, or OSI. Therefore, the midazolam + ketamine regimen appears superior to medetomidine + ketamine when performing minor surgeries on budgerigars.
Poultry
Kamyar Yousefi; Manoochehr Allymehr; Alireza Talebi; Amir Tukmechi
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 243-250
Abstract
The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross (Ross ...
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The aims of current investigation were to study the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and expression profile of Myostatin (MSTN), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), Myogenin (MyoG) and Myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) genes in three commercial broiler strains including Ross (Ross 308), Cobb (Cobb 500), and Arian in 2023. A total number of 240 one-day-old chicks were reared under an equalized standard management condition for 6 weeks. Performance, organ weights, meat quality and the expression level of the myogenic genes in the pectoral muscle were investigated. The lowest body weight (BW), feed intake, weight gain and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed for Arian at the end of the study. The meat quality was similar between strains. The IGF-I expression level was significantly higher on 42 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian. The MRF4 expression level was significantly higher on 28 days of age in Cobb compared to Ross. The MyoG expression level was significantly lower in Arian compared to Cobb on 42 days of age. Furthermore, the MSTN expression level was significantly lower in Cobb compared to Ross and Arian on 42 days of age. The remarkable differences in gene expression levels at the end of the rearing period was supported by higher growth performance and BW of Cobb compared to Ross and Arian strains. In conclusion, the findings of current study could conveniently help assess the performance of these broiler strains under similar rearing condition.
Theriogenology
Muhammad Awais Ajmal; Mubbashar Hassan; Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Ilyas Naveed; Aijaz Ali Channa; Nasim Ahmad
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 251-255
Abstract
The Cholistani cow is considered one of the milch breeds of Zebu cattle. Despite being heat and tick-resistant, it has not yet gained much popularity among Pakistan dairy farmers due to its long calving interval. This study aimed to understand the basic reproductive physiology of Cholistani cows using ...
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The Cholistani cow is considered one of the milch breeds of Zebu cattle. Despite being heat and tick-resistant, it has not yet gained much popularity among Pakistan dairy farmers due to its long calving interval. This study aimed to understand the basic reproductive physiology of Cholistani cows using sonography and reproductive biotechnologies such as estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination to improve reproductive efficiency. In experiment 1, six Cholistani cows with mixed parity 3.20 ± 1.30 and weighing 400 kg were selected to monitor ovarian dynamics on alternate days by the same sonographer from the onset of heat through ovulation until the next ovulation. Experiment 2 measured the effect of estrus synchronization methods, controlled internal drug release-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (CIDR-GnRH, n = 31) and Ovsynch (OVS, n = 32) on various reproductive parameters. The mean estrous cycle length was 19.81 ± 0.56 days with two follicular waves. The mean inter-ovulatory interval was 20.80 ± 0.52 days, with a preovulatory follicular size of 13.83 ± 2.37 mm. Estrus response was higher (p > 0.05) in controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-GnRH (93.54%) than in OVS (84.37%) cows. Similarly, ovulation and conception rates were higher in CIDR-GnRH (91.66% vs. 68.42%) than in OVS cows (41.37% vs. 33.33%), respectively. In conclusion, CIDR-GnRH results in a better estrus response, higher ovulation rate, and subsequently greater conception rate than OVS in Bos indicus dairy cows.
Pathology
Tomokazu Nagashima; Chisato Kishi; Yukino Machida; Masaki Michishita
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 257-260
Abstract
A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1.00 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised ...
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A 16-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented with a mass with hemorrhage at the right conjunctiva. Five months after the initial visit, the right eye protruded and had a firm and irregular mass measuring approximately 1.00 cm in diameter with conjunctival hemorrhage. Microscopically, the mass was comprised polygonal or round tumor cells with distinct cell borders arranged in a nested and diffuse pattern. The tumor cells had round-to-oval fine hyperchromatic nuclei containing distinct multiple nucleoli and abundant eosinophilic or pale cytoplasm. Multiple giant cells were frequently observed. The mitotic index was 12.60/high power field. Extensive necrosis, hemorrhage and part of the cord-like and papillary epithelioid cells were observed in the intra-tumor tissue. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin and negative for cytokeratin, desmin and PNL2. On the other hand, the cord-like and papillary epithelioid cells were positive for vimentin, S100 and neuron-specific enolase. The tumor was diagnosed as an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. This case considered to have occurred in the ocular region, although the ocular structure was destroyed.
Pathology
Ömer Faruk Keleş
Volume 15, Issue 5 , May 2024, Pages 261-265
Abstract
Linguatula serrata can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. It is a causative parasite of linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore the clinical ...
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Linguatula serrata can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. It is a causative parasite of linguatulosis, a disease that not only produces economic losses in cattle but also represents a public health risk due to its zoonotic nature. This study aimed to explore the clinical and pathological findings of pulmonary linguatulosis in a rabbit. The most striking clinical findings in the deceased rabbits were wheezing and labored breathing. Grossly, the most prominent morphological changes in the lungs were well-circumscribed, flat or slightly raised, solitary grayish-white nodular lesions, and consolidated areas. The characteristically tongue-shaped developmental forms of parasites were observed on the cut surface of the lung. Histopathologically, the most noticeable morphological changes in the lung parenchyma were diffuse thickening of the inter-alveolar septum, fibrinoid necrotic vasculitis, medial smooth muscle cells hypertrophy of the arteries, alveolar emphysema, longitudinal and transverse sections of L. serrata nymphs and extra-medullary hematopoietic foci (megakaryocytes). The morphological appearance of the nymphs showed multiple transverse grooves, saw-like cuticles, peri-buccal hooks and acidophilic glands. In conclusion, these findings reveal the etiopathological diagnosis of linguatulosis and suggest that the lungs might be a target organ in addition to the liver and lymph nodes.
